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SPERANTO.
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CONCISE ESPERANTO AND
ENGLISH DICTIONARY
J. C. Wells
M.A., PhD., L.B.E.A.
First published in UK 1968 by Hodder Headline Plc, 338 Euston Road, London
NW1 3BH
Catalogue entry for this title is available from the British Library.
First published in US 1992 by NTC Publishing Group, 4255 West Touhy Avenue,
Lincolnwood (Chicago), Illinois 60646 — 1975 U.S.A.
In US: All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, or otherwise, without prior permission of NTC Publishing Group.
Foreword
Esperanto-English
English-Esperanto 163
= bd : e“ fe a audabulg —— aJ Ii
ie ; kpj sper “wre ARIOJ uo D-E
= q “e .W Ak sv ~ a
Foreword
The many Esperanto speakers who are of English mother
tongue have for some time felt the need for a comprehensive
yet concise two-way dictionary which will not only serve the
needs of beginners but also cater for the ordinary user and
the advanced student by reflecting the extensive development
both languages have undergone during the course of the
twentieth century. It is hoped that the present compilation
will satisfy that need. A particular effort has been made to
include within its relatively modest compass as many as
possible of the large number of scientific and technical terms
that have penetrated into the layman's vocabulary as well as
a selection of those whose use is still restricted to specialists
in the subjects concerned.
The Esperanto-English section comprises roughly 9,000
entries, while the English-Esperanto section comprises some
19,500. The reason for this imbalance will be obvious: the
English words see, sight, visible and visual, for example, require
four separate entries, while the Esperanto vid/i, from which
vido, videbla and vida are regularly and automatically derived,
requires only one. One of the principal factors making
Esperanto so relatively easy to learn is the reguiarity with
which different parts of speech, derivatives, and compounds
are formed from a single root.
In the course of compilation of the dictionary I have had
recourse to a variety of Esperanto dictionaries; but above all
the present work is based on the Plena Vortaro (4th edition
with Supplement, 1954, SAT). A striking feature of the
development of Esperanto over the last thirty years has been
the general acceptance of the Plena Vortaro as an authoritative
work of reference in questions of vocabulary. Its contents
have been supplemented from various sources, most notably
from the Grand Dictionnaire Espéranto-Frangais by G.
Waringhien (Paris, 1957). I have been at great pains to avoid
insularity and anglicisms, and have accordingly made wide
vii
use not only of existing Esperanto-English and English-
Esperanto dictionaries, but also of non-English Esperanto
dictionaries. In this connexion I would mention particularly
Wiister’s Enciklopedia Vortaro, Léger and Albault’s Diction-
naire Francais-Esperanto, Wingen’s Worter der Gegenwart,
and Bokarev’s Russko-Esperantskij Slovarj. Several new terms
have been taken from the exhaustive Nova Vortaro Esperanto-
Japana edited by N. Kawasaki.
Official roots (those belonging to the Fundamento and those
later officialized) have not been specially indicated; the present
state of officialization is such that many quite ordinary and
generally used words are unofficial (e.g. filmo, sugesti, tajdo),
while others, extremely rare and even esoteric, are official (e.g.
lodo, miogalo, stofo). The Baza Radikaro Ofjciala (Official
Basic Vocabulary) now being prepared by the Esperanto
Academy will be most welcome.
I am most grateful for the help that many friends and
correspondents have given me during the compilation of this
dictionary. Mr C. D. A. Capp read the entire manuscript as
it was being prepared and offered much valuable advice.
Mr D. B. Gregor not only gave thoughtful replies to the lists
of problems that I circulated to several colleagues, but also
sent me many pages of succinct equivalents garnered in the
course of reading. Mr M. C. Butler most kindly allowed me
to consult part of the manuscript of his then unpublished
Esperanto-English dictionary. Dr A. Albault (Toulouse),
Dr D. R. Duncan (Teddington), Prof. N. Kawasaki (Osaka),
Dr P. Neergaard (Copenhagen), Dr R. H. Osborne (Notting-
ham), Prof. J. Rĉgulo Pĉrez (La Laguna), Dr V. Sadler
(Rotterdam), and Prof. G. Waringhien (Vitry-sur-Seine) have
kindly advised on certain problems of technical and specialist
terminology, as has the Terminologia Centro of the Inter-
national Scientific Esperanto Association. Miss E. M.
Higginbottom drew to my attention various unevennesses in
the Esperanto-English section. I am particularly indebted to
the members of the London Esperanto Club’s Advanced
Course, who discussed with me many points of difficulty;
particular assistance was given by Mr A. Venture, its chairman,
and by Prof. I. Lapenna and Mr N. Rytjkov. Helpful advice
was also offered by Mr W. Auld, Miss M. Boulton, Mr and
Vill
Mrs H. W. Holmes, Mr P. Buttinger and Mr J. E. Sykes.
Miss Helen Prent kindly typed a part of the manuscript and
assisted in checking it. Responsibility for any shortcomings
rests of course with myself.
JOHN WELLS
London
ix
Oks h ke rts
hu capers |
“ie
he cana aud
eure we
a ung” 4a
‘ou eŭ,
kd ilala
UU 9840 7
: lm lM |
(Funanj a
oe
wae i
wie LA ,
a
kie PUN l
: Gi “
os p. Tosi
spesmilon:
Advice to the
Student of Esperanto
Pronunciation
Grammatical points
Morphology
Correlatives
Participles and compound tenses
Questions
Placement of prepositions
Subject and object
Motion towards
The accusative: other uses
Adjectival agreement
Transitivity
Impersonal verbs
Use of tenses
The reflexive
Word order
Dates
Names of letters
=)
fee OR MIJ amio meni 9).=
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
Pronunciation
It is impossible to describe the sounds of a language accurately
merely by reference to the sounds of another language. For
instance the expression “e as in get” means quite different
things to a Yorkshireman and an Australian. The following
notes must be taken as a rough guide only. Unless otherwise
specified, “Englisk” means the pronunciation heard from
educated speakers in Southern England, free from regional
features.
Since the Esperanto orthography is phonemic, every word
is pronounced just as it is spelt. There are no silent letters.
Word stress in polysyllables always falls on the last syllable
but one. Thus skaRAbo, VEnas, anaLIzo, inteliGENta,
baLAi, hoDIaŭ, tiTOlojn, histoRIo, federaCIa, opiNlas,
neNlujn, Apud, PREter, malANtaŭ, vesperMANĝo,
kongresURbo.
Esperanto ieaou are “pure” (i.e. monophthongal), not
diphthongal like most English long vowels. There is no distinction
of length in vowels such as exists in English, but vowels in
stressed syllables are usually rather longer than other vowels,
particularly if the stressed syllable contains no consonant after
the vowel. Thus the e in BEno is usually longer than the e in
BENdo.
As against the twelve monophthongs of English, Esperanto
has only five. They are comparable to the vowels of Spanish,
Serbo-Croat, or Modern Greek.
iis a close front unrounded vowel, like English i in machine.
Do not centralize it and make it like i in thin. Do not diph-
thongize it like popular London or Australian i in machine.
e is a half-close/half-open front unrounded vowel, like English
e in get. Do not diphthongize it like a in cake (although some
regional versions of a in cake are quite suitable for Esperanto e).
a is an open front|central vowel, further forward than English
a in father; compare popular London u in cup, Northern a in
cap, some Americans’ o in top, some English people's reduced
3
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
pre, peine = |
p.Sattarmi,
Ku”
ko Eo = IG
a a, =. k k.a sev
rotons4, 4; =,
axe abcnengan a I
eczsriatr; aby ageren
imo ha? liaez!la
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
Grammatical points
MORPHOLOGY
Compound words are very common in Esperanto, as are words
formed from a root by the use of prefixes and/or suffixes.
In ordinary nominal compounds the order of elements is the
same as is usual in English: po8/mono pocket-money is a kind
of mono, but mon/poŝo money pocket is a kind of poŝo. Likewise
bird/kanto bird-song, kant/birdo songbird. (Where desirable an
o may be inserted to make such compound words easier to pro-
nounce: kantobirdo, birdokanto.) .
Similarly in the case of words with suffixes: patr/ino mother
is a kind of ino, fajf/ilo whistle is a kind of ilo, etc.
Nominal compounds are always written as a single word in
Esperanto: so holiday coach is either feriaŭtobuso (one word) or
feria aŭtobuso (two words, adjective and noun), but never (ferio
aŭtobuso].
Forming the various parts of speech from a given root is
very simple. (See list of endings, p. 30).
From the root of martel/o a hammer, we form martela to do
with hammers (hammerlike, hammering), marteli to hammer,
and so on;
from kur|i to run, kuro a run, running, kura to do with
running;
from bel/a beautiful, belo beauty, beli be beautiful.
Sometimes, however, this extreme simplicity is not possible:
although from kuri to run we can form kuro a run (i.e. an
instance of the action kuri), we could not treatmartelito hammer
in the same way, because by changing the ending to o we get
martelo, which already has the meaning a hammer (the instru-
ment) and so cannot be used to name the action marteli—for
which we use the suffix -ad- and say martelado.
This is easily explained. Roots themselves fall into classes,
almost all being nominal, verbal, or adjectival. (The remainder
are prepositions, conjunctions, numerals etc.) Thus martel/ is
7
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
For further details of the theory behind all this, see the
relevant sections in Kalocsay and Waringhien's Plena Grama-
tiko, or refer to Kalocsay's monograph La gramatika karaktero
de la Esperantaj radikoj (Budapest, 1938).
CORRELATIVES
Those ending in -o, -u, -a, -e may take the accusative n; those
ending in -u and -a may take the plural j. Thus
kiujn librojn vi elektis? which books have you chosen?
mi iras ien I’m going somewhere
9
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
QUESTIONS
PLACEMENT OF PREPOSITIONS
In English some verbs can have two objecis, one direct and
one indirect. In Esperanto only the direct object goes in the
accusative; the indirect object is expressed with the help of a
preposition.
He told me HIS STORY Li rakontis al mi sian histo-
rion
We gave them TWO APPLES Ni donis al ili du pomojn
He taught me ALGEBRA Li instruis al mi algebron or
Li instruis min pri algebro
MOTION TOWARDS
ADJECTIVAL AGREEMENT
TRANSITIVITY
IMPERSONAL VERBS
USE OF TENSES
THE REFLEXIVE
WORD ORDER
23
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
A. THE ALPHABET
Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, G2, Hh, Aĥ, Ii, Jj, Jj, Kk, LI,
Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ŭŭ, Vv, Zz.
B. PARTS OF SPEECH
1. There is no indefinite article; there is only one definite
article, la, which is invariable.
2. Nouns (substantives) are formed by adding o to the root.
24
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
GENERAL RULES
Every word is pronounced as it is spelt.
The accent is on the last syllable but one.
. Compound words are formed by simple junction of roots
(the chief word coming at the end). Grammatical endings
count for this purpose as separate words [i.e. morphemes]).
There is no multiple negation: if a clause contains another
negative word it needs no ne.
25
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
Dates
The date at the head of a letter is written thus, Vendredon
la Jan de aprilo 1967 Friday 7th April 1967. If a shorter
formula is preferred, the form 7 apr 1967 is recommended: note
that formulas of the type 1.4.67 may be interpreted in different
ways in different countries (not least as between England and
the USA!) and are therefore to be avoided.
Names of Letters
The Esperanto names of the letters of the alphabet are
as follows: a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, jo, ko,
lo, mo, no, 0, DO, ro, SO, ŜO, to, u, ŬO, vo, Zo. These are the names
ordinarily used when reading initials or spelling. For certain
26
Advice to the Student of Esperanto
29
Affixes and Endings
Grammatical endings
Participial formatives
List of official prefixes
List of official suffixes
Technical and other unofficial suffixes
GRAMMATICAL ENDINGS
PARTICIPIAL FORMATIVES
31
Affixes
and Endings
There are also two inflexional suffixes, -ĉj- and -nj-, used for
forming pet-names (male and female respectively); their behav-
iour is unusual in that they are attached not to the whole root of
the name but to a shortened part of it: thus, from Vilhelm/o
William, the pet-name is Vil[ĉjo (or Vilhe[ĉjo, Vi/ĉjo erc), Bill,
Willie; likewise, from Mari/a Mary, Mari/njo or Ma/njo. Note
also paĉjo Dad; panjo Mum.
35
How to Use the Dictionary
In order to make proper use of this dictionary, it is essential
to be conversant with the Esperanto grammatical endings
(p. 30) and affixes (p. 31-35).
In the English-Esperanto section words are entered in
straightforward alphabetical order. A headword is recapitu-
lated by the use of - (in the case of derivatives in -ed, -es, -ing)
or its initial letter and a full stop (in other cases).
In the Esperanto-English section, words are entered in
alphabetical order of root. Thus fil/o precedes filadelf/o and
kre/i precedes kred/i. Affixed and compounded words are
entered, if at ali, under their first element, not counting
prefixes. Prefix, for this purpose, means any of the following:
prefixes proper (see p. 31); numerals (cent, dek, du etc);
prepositions (al, antaŭ etc); quasi-prefixes (ĉef, ĉia, ĉiu, fuŝ,
mem, multe, nenia, neniu, plej, pli, sam, sin, tia, tiu, vic, vir).
Within the body of an entry, the sign - indicates recapitulation
of the root, which in the case of the headword is separated
from its grammatical ending by the sign /.
Abbreviations referring to subjects or fields of discourse
(e.g. bot, math) are used, particularly in the Esperanto-English
section, for two purposes: (i) to help identify an unusual word;
(ii) to distinguish a specialist sense from an ordinary-language
one.
Words such as adverbs in -ly, verbal nouns in -ation,
abstract nouns in -ity, -ness and the like are in general not
entered in the English-Esperanto section if they are regular
formations, since the Esperanto equivalents (in -e, -ado, -eco
etc) can be equally regularly formed. Personal and geograph-
ical names are not usually included in the Esperanto-English
section if they are easily guessable.
Girls’ names (and other feminine names) have been shown
with the ending -a, a usage which has gained wide acceptance
since it makes possible the distinguishing of pairs such as Julio
36
How to use the Dictionary
Julius, Julia Julia; Febo Phoebus, Feba Phoebe. All that those
who prefer the older forms in -o have to do is to replace a by o.
In the question of capitalization, too, I have tried to follow
what seems to me to be the most widely accepted practice.
Names of countries, islands, lakes, mountains, towns and cities
have been shown with an initial capital, but names of peoples,
and adjectives formed from them or from countries, have been
given an initial small letter, as have months and days of the
week. Again, those who prefer to use capitals have merely to
substitute them for my small letters. On the vexed question of
ujo versus io for derived names of countries, I have retained
the official ujo; those who prefer io should substitute it (see
p. 33-34).
37
How to use the Dictionary
39
a jabrormna „me :
ao ie ki „SPO4 hed "lekton eyalotines &
movo ermino “ka atlasa? semrtisni kiA
= ails? „—=omilos x8
' : zeno dikiimim at
oa -adimis: forinitmr temp
E _ miao „rte Ketao
=. : avian „svitaŭsri ~“
Ta anktaŭ: poeta 28
= 7 = kro AS eo; vt yolost Vas”
- aŭ : ;
x eet ; =en iter wom qe mej la
info - ” Ao “i ruraj i. TaLio ipoften. I
EJ PE A IKI ~as cvilel £5 oal ekarto
auto es
. BIR
Mi : sieang gi
Sep a |a Ea „Mile =
Pale ' ĝa
=ed1O 19 dcitge S ?
= “= p = 7 du.
ni»
== mol a mcg rc ced bomn
"hk. on "se „isto da 4.50%. 7
) ; Olay 668 «2
1355 amon = kugis ] 2 tw 3 ipar: IO art Li
D
sky; en la -o in heaven; -arko
rainbow; Ĉ-iro re/ Ascension;
sub-a open-air
ĉies everyone's, each one's da prepnof (follows expressions of
ĉif/i crumple, crease tr quantity, weight, or measure:
ĉifĉaf/o chiff-chaff (bird) glaso da vino a glass ot wine;
ĉifon/o rag; scrap, shred; „figuro pli da akvo more water; nor
scarecrow used before LA, numerals,
ĉifr/o, -i cipher, (en)code definite quantities, demonstrat-
ĉik/o chigoe, jigger ives, or possessives: sumo de du
ĉikan/i quibble, cavil at dolaroj a sum of $2)
ĉil/o anat chyle dadaism/o Dadaism
Ĉili/o Chile dafn/o bot daphne
ĉim/o anat chyme dafni/o daphnia, water-flea
ĉimpanz/o chimpanzee dafodil/o daffodil
ĉin/o, -a Chinese dagerotip/o daguerrotype
ĉinĉil/o chinchilla daimi/o daimio (Japanese noble)
ĉio everything; -pova almighty 1 daktil/o date (fruit)
ĝiom adverb all, totally, the whole 2 daktil/o dactyl
quantity dali/o dahlia
ĉir/o tendril dalmat/o, -a Dalmatian
ĉirkaŭ prepn (a)round, about; - dalmatik/o dalmatic (vestment)
surrounding; -o lap; periphery; daltonism/o colour-blindness
-i surround; -aĵo surroundings, dam/o king (draughts); queen
environment; prefix circum-, (chess, cards); lit (noble) lady,
peri-; -preni embrace Dame; -ludo draughts, checkers
ĉirp/i chirp dama/o fallow-deer ; -ledo doeskin
ĉit! ssh! hush! damaĝ/i, -o damage
ĉiu each, every; each one, every- 1 damask/o damask
one; ĉiu/j all; everyone; prefix 2 Damask/o Damascus; -a pruno
ĉiu/tage every day damson
ĉiz/i chisel; carve, grave; -ilo damasken/i inlay, damascene
chisel; graver damn/i damn
ĉizoj/o shears, clippers; nippers damp/i mus damp, mute
dan/o—delic/o, -umi
E
dromedar/o dromedary
dron/i drown intr, be drowned;
sink intr (boat); -igi drown tr
dros/o tiller-rope, rudder-chain eb/o, -i Jit ebb
droŝk/o droshky (carriage) eben/a even, level; smooth; -o
drozer/o bot sundew geom plane; -ajo plain
drozofil/o drosophila, fruit-fly ebl/a possible; -e perhaps, maybe;
druid/o druid kiel -e plej bona as good as
drup/o bot drupe possible; -as it is possible; -o,
du two; -a second; -ilo median; -eco possibility; as suffix see
-obla double; -ono half; mus p. 32
minim; duon is also used as a ebon/o ebony
prefix half-, semi-: -onhoro ebonit/o ebonite, vulcanite
half-hour; -onfrato half-brother; ebri/a drunk;; -igi intoxicate
-dek twenty; dis-igi cut in two; ebul/o bot dwarf elder
prefix bi-, di-: -lingva bilingual ebur/o, -a ivory
dual/a dual; -ismo dualism ec/o quality, property; as suffix
dub/i, -o doubt see p. 32
dubl/o dowel eĉ adverb even
duel/o, -i duel edelvejs/o bot edelweiss
duet/o mus duet edem/o med oedema
dugong/o zoo! dugong Eden/o Eden
duk/o duke edif/i edify
dukat/o ducat (coin) edikt/o edict
dukt/o duct Edinburg/o Edinburgh
dum prepn during; conj while; Edip/o Oedipus
- tri jaroj for three years; -e editor/o editor (of literary text,
meanwhile; provisionally; pre- with critical apparatus)
fix -viva membro life member edr/o geom face; kvar-o tetra-
dumping/o com dumping hedron
dun/o dune, sandhill eduk/i educate, bring up, rear
dung/i engage (employee), hire edz/o husband; -(in)igi get
(labour); -anto employer; -ito married; -iĝo wedding; -imo
employee; mal-i discharge, sack wife; eks-iĝo divorce; nov-(in)o
duoden/o anat duodenum newly-wed
dupleks/a elec duplex efekt/o effect, impression pro-
duplikat/o duplicate duced ; -a showy
1 dur/o douro (coin) efektiv/a actual: -e in fact
67
efemer/a—ekspluat/i
F falĉ/i mow,
scythe
cut (grass etc); -ilo
G
pochard
fulik/o coot (bird)
fulm/o lightning; -otondro thunder-
storm gabar/o naut lighter
fulmar/o fulmar (bird) gabardin/o gabardine (material)
fum/o, -i smoke; -aĵi smoke- gabi/o mil gabion
(-cure) (fish erc); -izi fumigate; gabl/o gable
-tubo chimney gad/o dried (cod)fish; any fish of
fumari/o bot fumitory cod family
fund/o bottom; ĝis-e thoroughly gadolini/o chem gadolinium
fundament/o foundation(s); -a gael/o Gael; -a Gaelic
fundamental; belonging to the gaf/o naut gaff
“Fundamento de Esperanto” gag/o gag (comic)
funebr/o mourning; -i mourn gagat/o min jet
funel/o, -i funnel gain/o sheath petticoat
fung/o mushroom; fungus gaj/a gay, cheerful; mal-a sad
funikl/o bio funicle gajak/o bot guaiacum; -ligno
funkci/o function; -i function; lignum-vitae
work gajl/o gall(-nut), oak-apple
funt/o pound (weight) gajn/i, -o win; gain
fuort/o stronghold, fort gak/i cackle
fur/o ferret gal/o bile, gall
furaĝ/o, -i fodder; forage galaksi/o galaxy
Furi/o myth Fury 1 galant/o snowdrop
furier/o quartermaster (sergeant) 2 galant/a gallant, amorous
furioz/a furious; -i rage galanteri/o haberdashery, fancy
furor/o vogue, craze; -i be all the goods, notions
rage galantin/o galantine (meat in jelly)
furunk/o med boil galat/o bib Galatian
furz/i, -o fart galban/o galbanum
fusil/o rifle (gun) galbul/o jacamar (bird)
fust/o shaft (of column, spear), galen/o galena, lead-glance
stock (of rifle) ' galeopitek/o flying-lemur
fusten/o fustian galeops/o bot hemp-nettle
fuŝ/i bungle, mess up, botch; galer/o galley (ship)
prefix.-pentri daub galeri/o gallery
fut/o foot (12 inches) gali/o bot bedstraw
galicism/o—genetik/o
H harmonics
harmonium/o harmonium
harp/o, -i harp
ha! ah! harpi/o harpy; harpy-eagle
Habel, -o Abel harpun/o, -i harpoon
haĉ/i hatch, hachure hast/i, -o hurry, haste(n)
Hades/o Hades haŝiŝ/o hashish, marijuana
hafni/o chem hafnium haŭbiz/o howitzer
Hag/o The Hague haŭl/i haul, tow
hagiografi/o hagiography haŭt/o skin
haĝ/o hadj (pilgrimage to Mecca) hav/i have; -ebla available; -igi
hajk/o haiku (Japanese poem) procure, get; em-o content(s);
hajl/o, -i hail (weather) nemal-ebla indispensible
hak/i chop, hew; -eti mince (meat); Havaj/o Hawaii
-ilo axe haven/o harbour
hazard/o—hidraŭlik/o, -a
H
time-table
hord/o horde
horde/o barley
hordeol/o stye (on the eye) Look under K for words beginning
horizont/o horizon with Ĥ not found here
horizontal/a horizontal Ĥam bib Ham; -ida hamitic
horloĝ/o clock; watch han/o khan
hormin/o bot horminum Ĥanoĥ bib Enoch
hormon/o hormone aos/o chaos
horor/i be horrified; -o horror emi/o chemistry
horoskop/o horoscope imer/o chimera
hortensi/o hydrangea in/o, -a Chinese
hortikultur/o horticulture iton/o tunic, chiton
hortulan/o ortolan (bird) Ĥizkija bib Hezekiah
hospital/o hospital ĥoler/o cholera
hosti/o (eucharistic) host hor/o choir, chorus
Hoŝea Hosea ĥoral/o mus chorale
hot(0)! gee up! ore/o med chorea, St Vitus's
hotel/o hotel dance
hu! boo! -i boo, hoot
hub/o obs hide (of land); croft
huf/o hoof; -fero horseshoe
hugenot/o Huguenot
1 hul/o swell, surge (of the sea)
[2 hul/o hull]
I
huligan/o hooligan ia some kind of; any sort of; -foje
hum/o humus (e.g. leaf-mould) sometimes
human/a humane; -ismo human- ial for some reason
ism iam once; sometime (in future);
humer/o anar humerus ever; -a sometime, erstwhile
humid/a humid, damp, moist ibeks/o ibex
humil/a humble iberid/o bot candytuft
humor/o temper, mood, humour ibis/o ibis (bird)
humur/o humour (wit) id/o son, descendant, young; -aro
hund/o dog; -herbo bot cocksfoot offspring, issue; as suffix see
hungar/o, -a Hungarian p. 32
1 hup/o tuft, crest (bird's) ide/o idea
2 hup/o horn, hooter; -i hoot ideal/o, -a ideal
hura! hurrah; -o, -i cheer ident/a identical; -igi identify tr
hurd/o hurdle; wattle ideografi/o ideography; -aĵo ideo-
huri/o rel houri gram
hurl/i howl (of wolf erc); bawl, ideologi/o ideology
yell idili/o idyll
husar/o hussar idiom/o tongue, language
hus!/ shoo! idiosinkrazi/o idiosyncrasy
huz/o great sturgeon, beluga idiot/o idiot, imbecile
idiotism/o—indic/o
J
Jesaja Isaiah
Jesu/o Jesus
jet/o jet (plane)
jezuit/o Jesuit
ja emphatic particle indeed; mi ja jid/a Yiddish
iris I DID go jing/o wryneck (bird)
jacint/o jacinth jod/o iodine
jad/o jade jodl/i yodel
jaguar/o jaguar jodoform/o iodoform
jahurt/o yoghurt jog/o yoga; -ano yogi
jaht/o yacht jogurt/o yoghurt
jak/o jacket Johan/o John (Hans, Ivan erc)
jakarand/o jacaranda (tree) jol/o naut yawl
Jakob/o Jacob; James jon/o ion; -osfero ionosphere
jakoben/o Jacobin, extreme radi- jonkvil/o jonquil
cal jor/i, -o skid; yaw
jakt/o yacht Jork/o York
jam adverb already; by now; jam Josu/o Joshua
ne no longer jot/o iota; jot
Jamaik/o, Jamajk/o Jamaica Jozef/o Joseph
jamb/o iambus, iambic Jus, -udes » „sathe.,..ŝ.hl these. :
janiéar/o janizary ju pli multe, des pli bone the more
janki/o Yankee the better
januar/o January jube/o roodscreen roodloft
japan/o, -a Japanese jubil/i exult, jubilate
jar/o year; (ĉiu)-a annual; -cento jubile/o jubilee
century; -kolekto annual set (of jud/o Jew; -a Jewish
periodicals); dek-a ten years judaism/o Judaism
old; kiom-a how old; super-o juft/o Russia leather
leap-year jug/o, -i yoke
jard/o yard (naut; three feet) jugoslav/o, -a Jugoslav
jasmen/o jasmine jugland/o walnut
jasp/o jasper juĝ/i, -isto judge; antaŭ-o pre-
Jav/o Java judice
je indefinite prepn: je la dua at jujub/o jujube (fruit, sweet)
two o’clock juk/i, -o itch
Jehov/o Jehovah juka/o bot yucca
Jehud/o Judah 1 jul/o, -i naut scull
Jehezkel Ezekiel 2 Jul/o Yule
jejun/o anat jejunum juli/o July; J-o Julius
jelp/i /it yelp jun/a young
jung/i, -ilaro—kahel/o, -i
J
A
kaban/o hut, shanty, shack
kabared/o, kabaret/o cabaret
kabinet/o study, office; po/ cabinet
Jabot/o jabot, lace frill kabl/o cable
1 jak/o elec jack kabriolet/o cabriolet, gig
[2 fak/o frock-coat] kac/o cock, penis
jaket/o morning-coat; (woman's) kaĉ/o mush, porridge; puree;
jacket mess
jaluz/a jealous kaĉalot/o cachalot, sperm-whale
ĵaluzi/o perforated window, jal- kadavr/o corpse, carcase
ousie kadenc/o cadence
jambore/o jamboree kadet/o cadet
jargon/o jargon kadi/o cadi (Islamic magistrate)
jartel/o (woman’s) suspender kadmi/o chem cadmium
ĵaŭd/o Thursday kadr/o frame, framework; cadre;
jaz/o jazz -i, en-igi frame; incorporate
ĵele/o (sweet) jelly, jello kadrat/o (typographical) quad(rat)
ĵerz/o jersey (cloth; garment) kaduce/o caduceus, rod
Ĵerzej/o Jersey kaduk/a ramshackle, decrepit,
Jet/i throw; -aĵo projectile; -ilo dilapidated, shaky; law void,
sling; -kubo dice; -lanco javelin lapsed
ĵeton/o token kaf/o coffee; -ejo café
ĵib/o naut jib kafein/o caffeine
1 ĵig/o jig (dance) kafr/o Kaffir
2 ĵig/o jigsaw (puzzle) kaftan/o caftan (garment)
ĵinrikŝ/o rickshaw kaĝ/o cage
ŝip/o jeep kahel/o, -i (flooring erc) tile, flag-
foke/o jockey stone
92
kaid/o—kamlot/o
L
kvak/i quack; croak (frogs)
kvaker/o Quaker
kvalif(ik)/i qualify tr
kvalit/o quality la, occasionally |” the
kvankam conj although laberdan/o salted cod
kvant/o quantity; -umo quantum labi/o bot lipped corolla; -acoj
kvar four; -ono quarter; -onumi Labiatae
quarter (criminal) labial/o phon labial
106
labirint/o—latin/o, -a
M maja/o, -a Maya
majest/a majestic
majn/o mynah (bird)
maat/o mate (of ship) majolik/o majolica (ceramic)
mac/o matzo; unleavened bread majonez/o mayonnaise
macer/i macerate major/o major (in the army)
1 maĉ/i chew; re-ulo ruminant majoran/o bot marjoram
[2 maĉ/o match, game] majorat/o (right of) primogeniture,
maĉet/o machete (cutlass) birthright; -bieno entailed estate
Madejr/o Madeira majoritat/o majority
madjar/o, -a Magyar majstr/o master(-craftsman) ;mae-
madon/o Madonna stro; Master
madrigal/o madrigal majuski/o capital letter
mag/o magus; la Tri M-oj the maĵor/a mus major
Three Wise Men makadam/o, -i macadam(ize)
magazen/o (large) shop, store; makak/o macaque (monkey)
magazine (of fire-arm, camera) makaron/o macaroon
magazin/o (illustrated) magazine makaroni/o macaroni
magdaleni/o Magdelenian period makedon/o, -a Macedonian
(palaeolithic) Makiavel/o Machiavelli
magi/o magic makis/o maquis
magistr/o Master (of Arts efc); makler/i act as broker or middle-
graduate man; -ajo brokerage, com-
magistrat/o corporation, town mission
council makro/ tech prefix macro-
magm/o magma (molten rock) makrocefal/o cachalot, sperm-
magnat/o magnate whale
magnet/o magnet; -i, -igi magnet- makrop/o kangaroo
ize; -ismo magnetism; -maŝino maksim/o maxim
magneto maksimum/o maximum; -e at the
magnetit/o magnetite (ore) most
magnetiz/i mesmerize maksvel/o elec maxwell
magnetofon/o tape-recorder makul/o spot, stain
magnez/o magnesia makulatur/o scrap paper
magnezi/o chem magnesium makzel/o jaw(bone)
magnezit/o magnesite, meer- mal/ prefix giving a precisely
schaum opposite meaning to a root: mal/
magnoli/o magnolia bona bad; -granda small; -e on
magr/a meagre, scanty; lean the contrary
malaj/o, -a—mark/o
N
navig(aci)/i navigate
naz/o nose; -umo pince-nez; -truo
nostril; -tuko handkerchief
nab/o hub, boss nazal/o phon nasal
nabab/o nabob nazi/o Nazi
118
———— ——— — — — »»Iŭ.x |. «LH: ss
ne—nilon/o
mm EN
O
nostalgi/o nostalgia; home-sick-
ness
not/o, -i note; mark, grade
notaci/o notation 0aZ/0 oasis
notari/o notary obe/i obey
120
obelisk/o—Olimp/o
P
palimpsest/o palimpsest
palindrom/o palindrome
palinur/o spiny lobster, langouste
pac/o peace palis/o stake, pale; -aro fence;
pacienc/o patience -umi impale
123
palisandr/o—paroh/o, parok/o
S
salikari/o bot purple loosestrife
salikok/o prawn; -eto shrimp
saliv/o saliva; -i salivate; -umi
sabat/o Saturday; (Jewish) Sab- slobber, dribble
bath salm/o salmon
sabek/o sackbut Salomon/o Solomon
sabelik/o Savoy cabbage salon/o (drawing-)room, lounge;
sabl/o sand salon; saloon
139
salpetr/o—seĝ/o
S Ŝekspir/o Shakespeare
ŝel/o any natural integument: peel
(of orange); bark (of tree);
ŝablon/o pattern, template, jig; shell (of egg)
stencil; conventionalism ŝelak/o shellac
ŝaf/o sheep; -aĵo mutton ŝelk/o Br braces, US suspenders;
ŝaft/o mech shaft -eto shoulder-straps
ŝagrin/o shagreen (leather) ŝenopraz/o chive(s) (herb)
ŝah/o shah Ŝeoi/o bib She'ol
ŝajn/i seem appear; -igi feign; ŝer/o offshore reef, islet
pretend ŝerc/i, -o joke, jest
ŝak/o chess; check; -i be in check ; ŝere/o sherry
~(on)! check! ŝerif/o sheriff
ŝaka!/o jackal ŝi pronoun she; -a her(s)
ŝakr/i trade in a small or illicit ŝibolet/o shibboleth
way, peddle ŝijaism/o rel! Shiahism (Islamic
ŝakt/o (mine-, lift-)shaft sect)
ŝal/o shawl ŝijaist/o rel Shiahist
ŝalm/o (reed-)pipe; straw (for ŝik/a chic
drinking) ŝil/o chyle
ŝalt/i switch on; -ilo switch; el-i, ŝild/o shield; sign-board
mal-i switch off ŝiling/o shilling
ŝalup/o launch (boat) ŝim/i mildew, go mouldy
ŝam/o chamois leather, wash- Siméon bib Samson
leather ŝind/o shingle, wooden tile
ŝaman/o shaman ŝink/o ham
ŝampinjon/o (common edible) ŝinto/o rel Shinto(ism)
mushroom Sip/o ship; -anaro crew; -pereo
ŝampu/o, -i shampoo shipwreck
ŝamc/o chance (of success) ŝir/i tear, rip tr; de-i pick
ŝancel/i shake tr, unsettle, make ŝirm/i shelter, screen
unstable ; -iĝi totter; waver ŝkot/o naut sheet
ŝanel/o channel, fairway ŝlagr/o hit-song
ŝanĝ/i change tr; -iĝi change intr; (ŝlak/o slag)
inter-o exchange ŝlem/o slam (at cards)
ŝankr/o med chancre ŝlif/i grind, polish smooth
ŝarad/o charade(s) ŝlim/o slime, sludge, silt
ŝarg/i load (camera, gun); charge ŝlos/i lock; -ilo key
(accumulator) ŝmac/i smack (the lips); kiss
ŝarĝ/i, -o load, burden; charge noisily; make a sucking noise
(task entrusted); -aŭto lorry, ŝmink/o make-up; -i make up,
truck paint (the face)
ŝarif/o (Mohammedan) sherif ŝmir/i anoint, smear; spread
ŝark/o shark (butter erc); grease; bribe
ŝat/i prize, think well of, have a ŝnur/o rope; cord; line; geom
high regard for; like chord; -salti skip
149
ŝofor/o—taksi/o
teren/o terrain; grounds; field (of tiel so, in that way; tiel... kiel
activity) as...as
Terez/a Theresa ties that one's
teritori/o territory tif/o typhus; -oido typhoid
term/o math etc term tifa/o bot reedmace
termik/a thermic, thermal tifon/o typhoon
termin/o (technical etc) term; -aro tig/o stem, stalk
glossary tigr/o tiger
termit/o termite 1 tik/o tic
termo/ tech morpheme thermo-: 2 tik/o ticking (cloth)
-dinamiko thermodynamics; tikl/i tickle tr
-regulilo thermostat tiktak/i tick (clock etc)
termometr/o thermometer tild/o tilde (~)
termos/o vacuum flask, thermos tili/o lime-tree, linden
termostat/o thermostat tim/i, -o fear
tern/i, -o sneeze timal/o grayling (fish)
teror/o reign of terror; -i terrorize timbal/o kettledrum ; pie-crust
terur/o terror; -a terrible; -i timian/o thyme
terrify timid/a /it timid, shy
test/o, -i chem, med, psych etc test timol/o chem thymol
testament/o will; testament; -i timon/o shaft (of cart etc)
bequeath timpan/o ear-drum; archit tym-
testik/o testicle panum, spandrel
testosteron/o testosterone timpanon/o mus dulcimer
testud/o tortoise timus/o thymus (gland)
tetan/o tetanus tin/o tub, vat; [tuna]
tetr/o black grouse tindr/o tinder, touchwood
1 tetra/ sci prefix tetra-: -klorido tine/o clothes-moth ; tinea
tetrachloride tink/o tench (fish)
2 tetra/o hazel hen tinktur/o dye; tincture; -i dye
tetrak/o little bustard tint/i tinkle, jingle, clink intr
tetralogi/o tetralogy tinunkol/o kestrel
tetrark/o tetrarch tinus/o tunny(-fish). tuna
teŭkri/o bot wood-sage tio demonstrative pronoun that
teŭton/o, -a Teuton(ic) tio/ chem prefix thio-
tez/o thesis tiom (da) so much; so many;
Teze/o Theseus tiom... kiom... as much/
tia demonstrative adj such, that many...as...
kind of tip/o type; -a typical
tial therefore, for that reason tipograf/o typographer
tiam then, at that time tipografi/o typography
tiamin/o thiamine tipol/o, tipul/o daddy-long-legs,
tiar/o tiara crane-fly
Tibet/o Tibet tir/i pull, draw; -kesto drawer;
tibi/o tibia, shin-bone al-i attract; el-aĵo excerpt
tie there, in that place; -n there, tiraljor/o sharp-shooter
to that place; -n kaj reen back tiran/o tyrant; -i tyrannize
and forth; -a local; - ĉi, ĉi - here tiravir/o naut parbuckle
153
tiroid/o—trajt/o
U upup/o hoopoe
ur/o aurochs
uragan/o hurricane
ued/o wadi urani/o uranium
uj/o container, receptacle; as urb/o town, city; -a urban;
suffix see p. 33 municipal; -estro mayor; -(0)-
ukaz/o ukase domo town hall; antaŭ-o suburb
Ukrajn/o the Ukraine ure/o chem urea
ukulel/o ukulele uremi/o med uraemia
ul/o fellow; as suffix see p. 33 uretan/o chem urethane
ulan/o uhlan ureter/o anat ureter
ulcer/o ulcer uretr/o anat urethra
uleks/o, ulik/o gorse, furze, whin urĝ/i be urgent, be pressing; urge
ulem/o ulema (that a thing be done); -a
ulm/o elm urgent
ulmari/o bot meadow-sweet uri/o guillemot (bird)
uln/o anat ulna; ell, cubit urin/i urinate; -o urine
ultimat/o ultimatum urn/o urn
ultra/ sci prefix ultra-: -violo urogal/o capercaillie (bird)
ultra-violet urotropin/o urotropin, hexamine
ultramar/o, -a ultramarine (blue) urs/o bear (animal)
ulul/i hoot (owl); howl urtik/o nettle
um/o word of no defined meaning, urtikari/o nettle-rash
thingummyjig; as suffix see p. Urugvaj/o Uruguay
33 uruŝi/o japanese lacquer
umbel/o bot umbel Uson/o the United States, USA
umbel(ifer)ac/o bot umbellifer uta/o uta (Japanese poem)
umbilik/o navel uter/o womb
ume/o Japanese plum (Prunus util/a useful; -igi utilize; mal-a
mume) harmful
unc/o ounce (weight) utopi/o utopia
157
uvertur/o—vat/o, vatt/o
U
vang/o cheek; -ofrapo slap on the
face; affront
vanil/o vanilla
ŭa! wah! (baby’s cry) vant/a frivolous; vain, conceited
ŭat/o elec watt vapor/o vapour; steam; -umi
vaporize, atomize
var/o commodity; -oj wares,
merchandise
varang/o naut floor(-timber)
L,
volan/o shuttlecock
Volapuk/o Volapuk
volatil/a chem volatile
volb/o vault (arched roof) Zambi/o Zambia
volfram/o chem wolfram, tung- ze/o dory (fish)
sten zebr/o zebra
volitiv/o gram volitive (mood) zebu/o zebu
volont/e willingly, gladiy; -ulo zefir/o zephyr, breeze
volunteer Zeharja Zachariah
volovan/o vol-au-vent Zeland/o Zealand; Nov-o New
1 volt/o elec volt Zealand
2 Volt/o Volta (country, river) zelot/o zealot
Volta/o Volta (man); -eca voltaic zen/o Zen; -ismo Zen Buddhism
Volter/o Voltaire zenit/o zenith
volum/o volume, tome zepelin/o zeppelin
volumen/o geom volume Zetland/o Shetland
volupt/o sensual pleasure; -a zeŭgm/o zeugma
voluptuous Zeis/o Zeus
yolut/o volute, spiral (carving) zibel/o sable (animal)
zigom/o—zum/i
162
ENGLISH—ESPERANTO
DICTIONARY
—
; vas pmVee la
IABO
„v MALO
A
a, an no equivalent: a man homo abnegation abnegacio
Aaron Aarono abnormal eksternorma
aback: taken a. konsternita aboard surŝip-e, -en
abacus abako abode loĝejo
abaft malantaŭ, -e, -en abolish forigi, abolicii
abandon forlasi; senĝeno; -ed abolition forigo, abolicio
diboĉa, senbrida abominable abomeninda
abase malnobligi, humiligi abominate abomeni
abash hontigi; konfuzi aboriginal indiĝena
abate malfort-igi, -iĝi; rabati aborigine indiĝeno, praloĝanto
abattoir buĉejo (de Aŭstralio)
abbess abatino abortion aborto
abbey abatejo abortive aborta, vana
abbot abato abound abundi
abbreviate mallongigi about (prepn) ĉirkaŭ; pri; (adverb)
abbreviation mallongigo proksimume, ĉirkaŭ; preskaŭ;
abdicate abdiki apude; a. to -onta
abdomen abdomeno above (prepn) super; (adverb)
abduct forrabi supre; a. all antaŭ ĉio
Abel Habelo abrasion skrapvundo; frotado
aberrant aberacia abrasive froteluza, *Slifa
aberration deflankiĝo; (sci) aber- abreast flankon ĉe flanko;
acio fronte
abet instigi; subteni abridge mallongigi, epitomigi
abeyance: in a. dormanta, nedeci- abroad eksterland-e, -en
dita abrogate nuligi
abhor abomeni abrupt abrupta; apika
abhorrent naŭza, abomena abscess absceso
abide resti; toleri; a. by resti fidela abscissa absciso
al abscond forkuri, fuĝi
ability kapablo; lerto absence foresto; manko
abject mizera; ekstrema absent forestanta, mankanta; a.-
abjure malkonfesi, forĵuri minded malatenta, distriĝema
ablative ablativo absentee forestanto, mankanto
ablaze flamanta absinthe absinto
abie kapabla; lerta; be a. to povi; absolute absolut-a, -o
scii; a.-bodied fortika; servo- absolution absolvo
kapabla; a. seaman (korpkap- absolve absolvi
abla) maristo absorb sorbi; (engross) absorbi
ablution(s) lav-ado, -ejo absorption sorbo; absorbo
165
abstain—acotyledon
232
dig—disallow
F
fairy feino; f.-light lampiono
faith fido; kredo
faithful fidela
fable fablo fake fals-i, -aĵo
fabric teksaĵo; strukturo fakir fakiro
fabricate falsi; fabriki falcon falko
fabulous fabela falconry falko-dresado, -ĉaso
facade fasado ;ŝajno fall fal-i, -o; aŭtuno; akvofalo;
face vizaĝo; front-i, -o; faco; f. in enfali, renversiĝi; viciĝi;
tegi; f.-value nominala valoro konformiĝi ; f.-out elfalaĵo
facet faceto fallacious trompa, erariga
facetious ŝerc-a, -ema fallacy sofismo, eraro, paralo-
facial vizaĝa gismo
facile facila, senpena fallible erarema
facilitate faciligi Fallopian tube salpingo
facility facileco; oportunaĵo, rim- fallow novala
edo fallow-deer damao
facsimile faksimilo false falsa, malvera; perfida
fact fakto; as a matter of f., in f. falsehood mensogo
efektive falsetto falseto
faction parti-o, -emo falsify falsi
factious ribela, dissplitiĝema falter ŝanceliĝi, heziti
factitious artefarita fame renomo
factor faktoro familiar konata; senceremonia,
factorial] faktorial-o, -a familiara; konanta
factorize faktorigi familiarize konigi; kutimigi
factory fabriko family familio
factotum ĉiofarulo famine malsatego
faculty kapablo; fakultato famished malsatega
fad kaprico, manio famous fam(e konat)a, renoma
fade paliĝi; velki fan 7 ventum-i, -ilo; (ventilator)
faeces feko ventolilo
250
fan—feat
G galvanic galvana
galvanism galvanismo
galvanize galvanizi
gab elokverto galvanorreter galvanometro
gabardine (speco de) dreliko gambit gambito
gabble balbuti, babilaĉi gamble vet(lud)-i, -o; spekulaci-i,
gable gablo -o
gad about (ĉirkaŭ)kuradi gamboge gumigut-o, -a
gadfly tabano; ojstro gambo! kapriol-i, petol-i, -ado
gadget akcesoraĵo, umo game lud-o, -i; ĉasaĵo; kuraĝa,
gadolinium gadolinio preta
Gaelic gaela; la gaela (lingvo) gamekeeper ĉasgardisto
gaff hok-stango, -i; (spar) gafo gamete gameto
gaffe fuŝdiro, sentaktaĵo gamma gama; g.-rays gama-radioj
gag 1 ŝtopi la buŝon al, buŝoŝto- gammon (femuraĵo de) lardo
pilo gamut gamo
gag 2 (theat) gago gander viransero
gaga kaduka gang bando; taĉmento; roto;
gaiety gajeco g.-plank surŝipira tabulo
gain gajn-i, -o; atingi; antaŭiĝi, ganger taĉmentestro
(clock) frui ganglion (nerve) ganglio; (/ymph)
gainsay kontraŭdiri gangliono
gait irmaniero gangrene gangreno
gaiter gamaŝo gangster gangstero
gala fest(oparad)-o, -a gangue gango
galantine gaiantino gangway pasejo, koridoro; paŝ-
galaxy gaiaksio ponto
gale ventego, ŝtormo gannet sulo
galena galeno gantry rulponto; signalponto
Galilee Galileo gaol malliber-ejo, -igi
gall J (bile) galo gap breĉo, truo
gall 2 (growrh) gajlo gape gapi —W |
gall 3 (vex) ĉagreni, agaci garage aŭtejo, garaĝ-o, -1, remizo
gallant brava; galant-a, -ulo garb vest-i, -oj
galleon galiono garbage forĵetaĵo(j), putraĵo(j)
261
garble—genitive
H halation haloo
halberd halebardo
halcyon alcion-o, -a
haberdasher merceristo hale fortika, freŝa
haberdashery mercero half duon-o, -a, -e, or prefix duon-;
habit kutimo; (rajd-, orden-) h.-back duonmalantaŭulo; h.-
vesto; h.-forming kutimkrea breed, -caste mestiz-o, -a;
habitat logloko; kreskejo h.-brother duonfrato ; h.-hearted
habitation loĝejo duonvarma, indiferenta; h.-life
habitual kutima duoniĝa tempo; h.-mast: at h.
habituate kutimigi duonhisita; h.-term trimestro-
hachure haĉ-i, -o mez(a feri)o; h.-timbered ligno-
hack 7 haki; h.-saw metalsegilo frama ; h.-time ludmez(a paŭz)o;
hack 2 luĉevalo; ĉevalaĉo; servut- h.-tone block retkliŝo, “aŭto-
laborulo tipio
hackles kolharoj halfpenny fduonpenco
hackneyed gurdita halibut hipogloso
haddock eglefino halide halogenido
Hades Hadeso halitosis malbona spiraĵo
hadji haĝulo hall halo, salonego; vestiblo;
haematite hematito h.-mark patrico; h.-stand ĉapel-
haemoglobin hemoglobino stablo
haemophilia hemofilio hallelujah haleluia
haemorrhage hemoragio hallo saluton; (te/ephone) ha lo
haemorrhoids hemoroidoj hallow sanktigi
hafnium hafnio Hallowe'en antaŭvespero de Ĉiuj
haft tenilo Sanktuloj
hag maljunulino, virinaĉo hallucination halucino
haggard marasma halo nimbo, aŭreolo; haloo
269
halogen—harridan
I
ignominy malhonoro
ignoramus sensciulo
ignorance nescio; malklero
I mi ignorant senscia; malklera
fambic jamba ignore ignori
iambus jambo iguana igvano
ibex ibekso iguanodon igvanodonto
ibis ibiso ileum ileo
ice glaci-o, -igi; sukeri; i.-cream ilex verda kverko
glaciaĵo liad Iliado
iceberg glacimonto ilium iliumo
Iceland Islando ill malsana; malbon-o, -e; be ill
ichneumon(-fly) ikneŭmono malsani; ill- mis-
icicle glaciero illegal kontraŭleĝa
icon ikono illegible nelegebla
iconoclast, -ic ikonromp-isto, -a illegitimate eksteredzeca,bastarda ;
icosahedron dudekedro neleĝa
ictus pulso illicit kontraŭleĝa
icy glacia illiteracy analfabeteco
id ĝio illiterate analfabeta
idea ideo illness malsano
ideal ideal-o, -a illogical nelogika
idealism idealismo illuminate lumigi; ilumini; (MSS)
idealist, -ic ideal-isto, -isma miniaturi
idealize idealigi illusion iluzio
identical identa illustrate ilustri
identify ident-igi, -iĝi illustration ilustr-aĵo, -ado
identity identeco; i. card legitimaĵo illustrious glora
ideogram ideografiaĵo im- — IN-
ideology ideologio image figuro, bildo
idiocy idioteco imagery figurado
idiom idiotismo; (tongue) idiomo imaginary imaga, fantazia; (math)
idiomatic idioma, idiotisma imaginara
idiosyncrasy idiosinkrazio imagination imag-o, -povo
idiot idioto imagine imagi
idiotic idiota imam imamo
idle mallabor-ema, -i; neuzata; imbalance malekvilibro
vana imbecile sencerb-a, -ulo
idol idolo imbibe ensuĉi, trinki
idolatry idol-kulto, -servado imbroglio implikaĵo, konfuzaĵo
idolize idoligi imbue plenigi, penetri
idyll idilio imitate imiti
if se; (wherher) ĉu imitation imitado; imitaĵo, stras-o,
igloo neĝdomo, igluo -a, falsa
igneous nesedimenta immaculate senmakula, neripro-
ignite ekbrul-i intr, -igi; kalcini ĉebla
278
immanent—impound
J
jar 2 ujo, botelo, poto, bokalo
jargon ĵargono
jasmine jasmeno
jasper jaspo
jab pik-i, -o jaundice flavmalsano, iktero
jabber babilaĉi, ĵargoni jaunt ekskurso
jabot ĵaboto jaunty gaja
jacamar galbulo Java Javo
jacaranda jakarando Javanese jav-a, -ano
jacinth jacinto javelin ĵetlanco
jack (cards) bubo, fanto; (/ifting) jaw makzelo; faŭko
kriko; (bowls) celglobo; (fish) jay garolo; j.-walker mismar-
ezoko; (elec) ĵako; (flag) flago; ŝanto, trafikdefianto
j.-boot kavaleria boto; j.-in-the- jazz ĵazo
box saltpupo; j.-knife poŝtran- jealous (of~one's own) ĵaluza;
ĉilo (of someone else) envia
jackal ŝakalo jeans drelika pantalono
jackass (vir)azeno jeep Ĵipo
jackdaw monedo jeer mok-i, -o
jacket jako; ĉirkaŭvolvaĵo Jehovah Jehovo
jackpot ĉefpremio jejune seka, vanta
Jacob Jakobo jejunum jejuno
Jacobin jakobeno fell ĝeliĝi
Jacobite jakobisto jelly gelatenaĵo, (sweet) ĵeleo;
jade 1 lacigi, indiferentigi j.-fish meduzo
jade 2 jado jemmy serurrompilo
Jaffa Jaffo jeopardize endanĝerigi, kompro-
jagged akr-angula, -ega; zigzaga miti
jaguar jaguaro jeopardy danĝero
jail malliber-ejo, -igi jerboa dipodo
jailer karcergardisto, provoso jeremiad jeremiado
jalopy aŭtaĉo Jeremiah Jeremio
jalousie latfenestro, jaluzio Jericho Jeriĥo
jam / konfitajo, marmelado jerk eksku-i, -o; spasmo
jam 2 ŝtop-i, -iĝo jerkin brustovesto
Jamaica Jamajko jerry-built fuŝkonstruita
Jamaican jamajk-a, -ano jerry-can benzinkruĉo
jamb pordofosto jersey ĵerzo
jamboree ĵamboreo Jersey Ĵerzejo
James Jakobo Jerusalem Jerusalemo
jangle (klak)tint-i intr, -igi jest ŝerc-i, -o
janitor pordisto Jesuit jezuito
janizary janiĉaro Jesus Jesuo
January januaro jet 1 (min) gagato
Japan Japanujo; j. uruŝii jet 2 ŝprucaĵo; sagoflamo; ŝpruc-
Japanese japan-o, -a -ajuto, -beko, “duzo; (plane) jeto
288
jetsam—June
E
lake 7 (pigment) lak-o, -ruĝo
lake 2 lago; the L. District la
Lagregiono
laager (fortikigita) tendaro lama lamao
label etiked-o, -i lamb ŝafido
labial lipa;labialo lambast draŝi, bastoni
labiate labia lambent ŝanĝbrila
labile malstabila lame lam-a, -igi
laboratory laboratorio lameila lameno
laborious peniga lamellibranch lamenbrankulo
labour labor-o, -i, -istaro, -ista; lament lament-o, -i intr, priplori
akuŝo lamentable plendinda
laburnum laburno lamina lameno
labyrinth labirinto laminated (plur)lamena, krucpla-
lace punto; (trimming) pasamento; kita
(shoestring) laĉ-o, -i lamp lampo; lucerno; 1.-post
lacerate (dis)ŝiri lanternfosto; l.-shade lamp-
lachrymose larma ŝirmilo
lack ne havi; manko; l.-lustre lamplight lampolumo
senbrila lampoon paskvil-o, -i
lackadaisical malvigla lamprey petromizo
lackey lakeo lance lanc-o, -eti; 1.-corporal
laconic lakona subkaporalo
lacquer lak-o, -i lanceolate lancforma
lacrosse kanada bastonludo lancer lancisto
lactation laktosekreciado lancet lanceto
lactic acid laktata acido land (not sea) tero; (country)
lactose laktozo lando; (estate) bieno; (aero)
lacuna breĉo, truo surteriĝi; (naut) alteriĝi; el-
lad junulo ŝipiĝi; L-agent intendanto; l.-
ladder ŝtupetaro, “eskalo; (stock- mine kontaktmino; paraŝuta
ing) dismaŝ-igi, -iĝi bombo; -ing al-, sur-teriĝo;
lade ŝarĝi; elŝoveli; -n ŝarĝita interŝtuparo; koridoro; -img-
ladle kuler-ego, -i craft alteriĝa boato; -ing-stage
lady sinjorino; (knight’s) damo; ĝetkajo; -ed gentry grand-
1.’s slipper (bor) Venusŝuo bienuloj
292
landfall—launch
M magma magmo
magnanimous grandanima
magnate magnato
macabre primorta, frostotremiga magnesia magnezo
macadamize makadami magnesium magnezio
macaroni makaronio magnet, -ic magnet-o, -a
macaroon makarono magnetism magnetismo
macaw arao magnetite magnetito
mace 7 klabo magnetize magneti; (mesmerize)
mace 2 muskatfloro magnetizi
macedoine (legom)miksaĵo magneto magnetmaŝino
Macedonia, -n Makedon-ujo, -a, magnificent grandioza, belega,
-O
pompa
macerate maceri magnify (pli)grandigi; -ing-glass
mach maĥo lupeo
machete battranĉilo, “maĉeto magnitude grandeco
Machiavellian makiavela magnolia magnolio
machicolation embrazuro; dent- magnum (dulitra) botelo
vica frontono magpie pigo
machination maĥinacio magus mago
machine maŝino; m.-gun maŝin- Magyar madjar-o, -a
pafilo, “mitralo; m.-tool il- maharajah maharaĝo
maŝino mahatma mahatmo
300
mah-jongg—mammoth
Q
q.-deck posta ferdeko; q.-
sessions kvaronjara asizo
quarterly kvaronjar-a (revuo), -e
quartermaster loĝigestro, furiero
q kuo quartet kvaropo, (mus) kvarteto
qua kiel, estante quarto kvart-o, -a
quack / kvak-i, -o quartz kvarco
quack 2 ĉarlatano quasar kvazaŭstelo, “kvazaro
quad + QUADRAT; QUAD- quash kasacii
RANGLE; QUADRUPLET quasi- kvazaŭ-
quadrangle korto; kvarlatero quassia kvasio
quadrant kvadranto; sektoro quatercentenary kvarcentjara dat-
quadrat kadrato reveno
quadrate fari kvadraturon (de) quaternary (geol) kvaternara
quadratic kvadrata quaver trem-i, -o; okon(not)o
quadrilateral kvarlater-o, -a quay kajo
quadrille kvadrilo queasy naŭzita
quadruped kvarpiedulo queen reĝino; (games) damo
quadruple kvarobl-a, -igi, -iĝi Queensland Kvinslando
quadruplets kvarnaskitoj queer stranga; misfarta; sam-
quadruplicate kvarobl-o, -a, -igi seksema
quaff trink(eg)i quell subigi, subpremi
quagmire ŝlimejo, dronmarĉejo quench estingi, ĉesigi; trempi
quail 7 tremi, ŝanceliĝi querulous plendema
quail 2 koturno query demando, dub-o, -i, fari
quaint kurioza demandon pri
quake tremi quest serĉo
Quaker kvaker-o, -a question demando; ekzameni,
qualification kvalifiko pridemandi; dubi; in q. kon-
qualify kvalifik-i tr, -iĝi cerna; q.«mark demandosigno
qualitative kvalita questionable dub(ind)a
quality kvalito questionnaire demandaro
qualm skrupulo queue starvic-o, -e atendi
quandary embaraso, dilemo quibble ĉikan-i, -o
quantitative kvanta quick rapid-a, -e; viv-antoj, -aĵo
346
quicken—radio-
R
quicksand movsablo; dronmarĉejo
quickset krataga
quicksilver hidrargo
quickstep rapida fokstroto, *kvik- rabbet fold-o, -i
stepo rabbi rabeno
quid / (tabak)maĉaĵo rabbit kuniklo
quid 2 pundo rabble tumulto; kanajlaro
quid pro quo reciprokaĵo rabid rabia; furioza
quiescent kvieta rabies rabio
quiet silent-a, -o, -igi; (mentally) raccoon prociono
trankvila, (physically calm) race 1 raso
kvieta race 2 vetkur-i (kontraŭ), -igi,
quiff (frunto)buklo -ado, (kur)konkurso; kuregi;
quill plumo; pikilo r.-course kurejo; r.-horse kur-
quilt steb-i, -kovraĵo ĉevalo; arms r. vetarmado
quince cidonio raceme grapolo
quinine kinino rachitis rakito
quinone kinono racial rasa
quinquennium jarkvino racialism, racism rasismo
quinsy tonsilito, angino racialist, racist rasisto; rasisma
quintal kvintalo rack tortur-(streĉ)i, -benko; por-
quintessence kvintesenco tilo, krado, frako
quintet kvinapo, (mus) kvinteto racket 1 rakedo
quintuple kvinobl-o, -a racket 2 bru(eg)o; malhonestaĵo,
quintuplets kvinnaskitoj ĉantaĝo
quip sprit-aĵo, -i racketeer krim-ulo, gangster-o, -i
quire (24-folia) kajero raconteur rakont-isto, -emulo
quirk kaprico racoon prociono
quisling perfidulo racquet rakedo
quit forlasi; eksigi (el) racy pikanta, verva
quite tute; sufiĉe, pli-malpli radar radaro
quits kvit-a, -e raddle ŝminkaĉi
quiver 1 sagujo radial radi-o, -a
quiver 2 trem(et)-i, vibr-i, -o radian radiano
quixotic donkiĥota radiance bril-o, -eco
quiz demandaro, konkurso, radiant radianta; ĝojradia
*kvizo radiate radii
quizzical mokŝerca radiation radiado
quoin angul-o, -ŝtono radiator radiatoro
quoit (jet)ringo radical (pol) radikal-a, -ulo; (tech)
quorum kvorumo radikalo
quota kvoto radio radi(ofoni)-o, -i; radiorice-
quotation citaĵo; q. marks cito- vilo, radiofono; r. astronomy
signoj radioastronomio; r. sonde radio-
quote cit-i, -aĵo sondilo
quotient kvociento radio- radio-
347
radio-active—rarebit
S
-o, -ejo; esti kandidato; difu-
ziĝi, disflui; poento; -ing (con-
secutive) sinsekvaj; r. down
mallaŭdi; elĉerpita; r. in (engine) Saar Sarlando
erodi; r. into kunpuŝiĝi, kolizii Sabbatarian dimanĉist-o, -a
(kun); r. on daŭri; r. out seniĝi Sabbath dimanĉo; (Jewish) sabato
(je); elĉerpiĝi; r. through tra- sabbatical libera (por vojaĝi aŭ
piki; perdiboĉi; r. up amasigi; verki)
hisi; r. up against renkonti; in sable / zibelo
the long r. fine; r.-of-the-mill sable 2 nigra
ordinara sabotage sabot-i, -ado
runagate renegato; vagabondo sabre sabro
runaway fuĝ-anto, -into; senbrida sac sako
rune runo saccharine sakarino
rung ŝtupeto sacerdotal sacerdota
runnel defiuileto sachet (parfum)saketo
runner kuranto; glitilo; stolono; sack 7 sako; maldungi, eksigi;
r.-bean fazeolo -ing sakŝtofo
runt nano sack 2 disrab-i, -o
runway kurejo sackbut sabeko
rupee rupio sackcloth sakaĵo
rupture romp-i tr, -iĝi, -o; hernio sacral sakra
rural kampara sacrament sakramento; (Eucharist)
ruse ruzo eŭkaristio
rush 1 kureg-i, impet-i, -o; rapid-i, sacred sankta
-o; sturmi; urĝekspedi; r. hour sacrifice ofer-i, -o, -aĵo
premperiodo sacrilege sakrilegio
rush 2 junko sacristan sakristiano
rusk biskoto sacrosanct sanktega
russet ruĝbruna sacrum sakro
Russia, -n Sovetio, Rus-ujo, -a, sad malgaja, malĝoja
-o; r. leather jufto sadden malgajigi
rust rust-o, -igi, -iĝi, -kolora; saddle sel-o, -i; ŝarĝi
r.-proof rustimuna Sadducee sadukeo
rustic kampar-a, -ano sadism, sadistic sadism-o, -a
rusticate dume forsendi sadist sadisto
rustle susur-i, -o safari ĉasekspedicio
rusty rusta safe sekura, sendanĝera; ekster
rut 7 (voj)sulko; rutino danĝero; certa, fidinda; mon-
rut 2 seksard-o, -i ŝranko, gardoŝranko; s.-conduct
Ruth Rut paspermeso (garantiita)
359
safeguard—sandstone
slacken malstreĉ-i tr, -iĝi; malak- slide glit-i intr, -igi, -o, -ejo; ŝov-i
celiĝi tr, -iĝi; (phot) diapozitivo;
slag skorio; s.-heap skori-amaso, (microscope) objektportilo; har-
-ejo broĉo; s.-rule kalkulbastono;
slake kvietigi, sensoifigi; hidratigi -ing-scale progresiva (tarifo)
slalom slalomo slight eta, malforta; malrespekt-i,
slam / bruferm-i tr, ĵetferm-i tr, -o; -ly iomete
-iĝi slim svelta
slam 2 (cards) ŝlemo slime ŝlimo
slander kalumni-i, -o slimy ŝlima
slang slang-o, -a sling ĵet-i, -ilo; skarpo
slant deklivo, bevelo; kliniĝi; slink ŝtel-iri, -vagi
oblikvigi; -ing oblikva slip 1 glit-i intr, -igi, -(ad)o; ŝov-i
slap (man)frap-i, -o; s.-dash mai- tr, -iĝi; erareto; glitfali, stumbli;
diligenta, ĥaosa subrobo; s.-knot ŝovnodo; s.-
slapstick arlekenaĵoj, farso stream postfluo; s.way lanĉejo;
slash tranĉ(ostrek)-i, -o, sabri s. up erari, fuŝi
slat lameno; frontklapo slip 2 (of paper) slipo; (horticul-
slate 1 ardez-o, -a; s.-pencil grifelo tural) stik-i, -aĵo
slate 2 kritiki, mallaŭdi slipper pantoflo
slattern malpurulino slit fend(et)-i, -o; tranĉi
slaughter buĉ-i, -(ad)o slither (stumblo)gliti
Slav slav-o, -a sliver fragmento, splito
slave sklav-o, -i slob malpurulo, natizulo
slaver salivumi slobber salivumi, *bavi
slavery sklaveco sloe prunelo
Slavonic slava slog (mallerte) bategi; diligentadi
slaw (brasik)salato slogan slogano
slay mortigi sloop aviso; ŝalupo
sleazy malpura, “sordida slop verŝ(aĉ)-i tr, -iĝi; kaĉaĵo;
sled, sledge sled-o, -i malpuraĵoj
sledge-hammer martelego slope deklivo; taluso; klin-i tr,
sleek glata; ŝmira ~iĝi
sleep dorm-i, -o; go to s. ekdormi; sloppy malsekaĉa; maldiligenta;
-ing-car litvagono; -ing partner malstrikta
(com) komanditanto; -ing-sick- slosh bati; ŝmaci
ness tripanosomozo slot fendo; fold-o, mortez-o, -i;
sleeper litvagono; dormanto; s.-machine vendaŭtomato; s.-
ŝpalo meter pagokomputilo
sleet neĝpluv-o, grajl-o, -i sloth maldiligento; (animal) brad-
sleeve maniko ipo
sleigh glitvetur-ilo, sled-o, -i slouch malrekt-e sid-i, -a -o
sleight ĵonglaĵo slough / ŝlimejo
slender maldika, svelta; malforta slough 2 senhaŭtiĝi, forĵeti (la
sleuth spur-hundo, -isto haŭton)
slew turn-i tr, oblikv-igi, -iĝi Slovak slovak-o, -a
slice trané-i, -aĵo; spatelo Slovene sloven-o, -a
slick lerta, rapida, glata; oleaĵo slovenly malordema, maldiligenta
372
slow—snorkel
U
twig 2 kompreni
twilight krepusk-o, -a
twill kepro
twin ĝemel-o, -a, -igi ubiquitous ĉiea
twine Snur(et)o; interplekt-i tr, -iĝi udder mamo
twinge ekdoloro ugly malbela
twinkle trembril-i, brilet-i, -o; uhlan ulano
in the -ing of an eye en okula ukase ukazo
ekmovo, en palpebruma daŭro Ukrainian ukrajn-a, -ano
twirl turn(et)-i tr, -iĝi, pirueti ukulele ukulelo
twist tord-i tr, -iĝi, -o; volv-i tr, ulcer ulcero
-iĝi, -aĵo; serpenti; tvisto ulcerate ulceriĝi
twit inciteti ulema ulemo
twitch 7 ekspasm-i, -o, tiko ullage nepleneco
402
ulnar—understand
Vv
urea ureo
ureter uretero
urethane uretano
urethra uretro vacancy vakant-eco, -a posteno, -a
urge instigi; antaŭenpuŝi; forte ĉambro
rekomendi; impulso vacant vak(ant)a
urgent urĝa; be u. urĝi vacate vakigi
uric acid ureata acido vacation feri-oj, -i
urinal urinejo vaccinate vakcini
urinate urini vaccine vakcino
urine urino vacillate ŝanceliĝi, heziti
urn urno ; tekruĉego vacuous vaka
406
vacuum—veil
409
virtuous—vulgar
——————————nnnn———««.««..E—
E...
w wallflower keiranto
Walloon valon-o, -a
wallop bat-i, draŝ-i, -o
wacky freneza wallow sin ruli, diboĉi
wad vat-i, -aĵo, pufo walnut jugland-o, -a
waddle anaspaŝi walrus rosmaro
wade vadi waltz vals-o, -i
wader (bird) stilzobirdo wan pala, senbrila
wadi uedo wand vergo, sorĉbastono
wafer vafleto, oblato wander vagi
waffle 7 vaflo wanderlust migremo
waffle 2 babilaĉ-i, -o wane malkresk-i, -o
waft bloveti wangle ruzo, perruzi
wag sving-i tr, -iĝi; ŝerculo want deziri, voli; bezon-i, -o;
wage(s) salajro; faradi; w. war mank-o, -on senti de; mizero;
militi serĉataĵo ;-ed (criminal) serĉata;
wager vet-i, -o -ing mankanta
waggish Sercema, blaga wanton diboĉ-a, -ulino
waggle svingeti tr war milit-o, -i; w.-monger milite-
wag(g)on ĉaro, ŝarĝveturilo; ŝarĝ- mulo
vagono warble pepi, trili
wagtail motacilo warbler silvio
waif senhejmulo ward fako, ĉambro; kvartalo;
wail plorkri-i, lament-i, -o zorgato; bareto; w. off forbari,
wainscot panelo, plinto forturni; w.-room oficirejo
waist tali-o, -mezuro; w.-high warden gardisto; gastejestro
ĝistalia warder gardisto, provoso
waistcoat veŝto wardrobe vestoŝranko
waistline talio ware varo
wait atend-i, -o; kelneri warehouse tenejo, stapl-o, -i
waiter kelnero warfare militado
waitress kelnerino warhead ŝargokapo
waive formeti, malinsisti pri warlike militema
wake 7 vek-i tr, -iĝi; mortfesto warm varm-a, -igi, -iĝi, -o
wake 2 (post)sulko warmth varm-o, -eco
wakeful maldorma warn averti; -ing avert-o, -a
waken vek-i tr, -iĝi warp tord-i tr, -iĝi; (textile) varp-
Wales Kimrujo ~o, -i
411
warrant —we
419
==» eee
A ANIMO ke ==»,
V.
2,
aio,
l
lA7
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ii TEACH EL
YOURS FE
ESPERANTO DICTIONARY —
J.C. Wells
A comprehensive two-way dictionary designed for beginners and
more advanced students of Esperanto.
John Wells has drawn on a wide vuriety of sources in compiling a
dictionary which reflects the extensive developments in both
English and Esperanto this century. A useful summary of the
grammar and pronunciation of Esperanto makes this a valvable |
reference book for all students. — U