ANCHORING

VOCABULARY
• Shelter → укрытие, убежище
• Roadstead → рейд
• To bring the ship to anchor → ставить судно на якорь
• To slacken speed → уменьшить скорость
• To approach → приближаться, подходить
• Anchor gear → якорное устройство
• To let go → отдавать (конец, якорь)
• Windlass → брашпиль
• Hinging parts → откидные, шарнирные части
• To grease → смазывать
• Handbrake → ручной тормоз
• Hawse pipe-closing plate → крышка клюза
• Spurling pipe → труба цепного клюза
• Bow stopper → палубный цепной стопор
Ships may anchor when…
…looking for shelter from bad weather
…waiting for a vacant berth
…waiting for cargo
…bunkering
…taking provisions or supply
…waiting for the crew change
When approaching anchorage the anchor gear must be checked and prepared:

• windlass and hinging parts - greased

• handbrakes - tested
• hawse pipe-closing plates - removed
• hawse pipes and spurling pipes – cleared
• bow stopper – taken off
 VOCABULARY

• Gypsy wheel Цепное колесо

• Gear box Редуктор (механизм, который входит в
приводы различных машин)
• Warping head Швартовный барабан (брашпиля), турачка
• Dog clutch Кулачковая муфта
• Guide roller Направляющий ролик
• Bitter end Коренной конец (якорной цепи)
 Typical Anchoring System

An anchoring system consists of the following:

Anchor
Chain Cable
Hawse Pipe
Anchor Lashing
Chain Stopper
Windlass
Drive Unit /
System
Spurling Pipe
Chain Locker
The anchoring equipment is located on the forecastle
1.  Storage part of the
mooring drum
2. Pulling section of the
drum (working part)
3. Brake band
4. Gear box
5. Electro-hydraulic motor
6. Warping head
7. Chain in the gypsy
wheel
8. Dog clutch
9. Anchor
10. Hawse pipe
11. Spurling pipe
12. Chain locker
13. Chain stopper with
security device
14. Guide roller
15. Bollard
16. Guide roller
17. Deck
18. Hatch to chain locker
 Chain Cable
A principal task of the chain
cable is to provide enough
weight to ensure that the
anchor lies horizontally on the
seabed so that it provides
maximum holding force.
Anchor chain consists of 27.5-
metre lengths of steel links,
known as shackles or shots.
 Hawse Pipe

The main function of the hawse pipe is to guide the chain from deck level
to outside the shell plating.
 Chain Stopper
Two main reasons for
installing a chain
stopper:
- Acts as a guide for
the chain into the
hawse pipe.
- When сlosed,
transfers the chain
forces into the ship’s
structure.
 Anchor Lashing
The anchor lashing is used to tightly secure the anchor when in the stowed
position. A loose anchor can cause damage to shell plating and in a worst-case
situation could penetrate the hull.
 Spurling Pipe and Chain Locker
The chain locker provides storage for the chain cable and is situated
under the deck with a pipe connection (Spurling pipe) to the anchor
windlass.
 Bitter End
The chain end (bitter end) is
secured to the side or top
structure of the chain locker by
an arrangement that
incorporates means for
emergency release. It is
recommended that this
arrangement includes the
facility for the chain to be
slipped from outside the chain
locker.
 VOCABULARY
• To take into consideration → принимать в расчёт, учитывать
• Tidal stream → приливно-отливное течение
• Holding ground → держащий грунт
• Proximity → близость, соседство
• Adjacent → смежный, соседний, близлежащий
• Adequate → достаточный
• Under Keel Clearance → минимальный запас воды под килем
• Safety Management System → система управления безопасностью
• Swinging room → радиус циркуляции на якоре
• Shackle → смычка
• Adverse weather → неблагоприятная погода
• To foul → задеть, зацепить, столкнуться
• To veer out → вытравить
 CHOOSING A POSITION IN WHICH TO ANCHOR
Factors to be taken into consideration:
• Duration of anchorage and its purpose
• The depth of water
• Force and direction of the wind, tidal streams, currents
• Vessel’s length and draught
• The type of holding ground
• Variations of the sea level (tide)
• The proximity of dangers
• The proximity of adjacent ships
• The shelter from the weather given by the surrounding land
• The amount of cable available and required
 THE DEPTH OF WATER

• adequate depth of water must be available at all stages of the tide

• minimum UKC is determined by the company’s SMS and local regulations

Under Keel Clearance

 THE AMOUNT OF CABLE TO BE USED
depends on a number of factors:

1 shackle = 27.5 m

• the depth of water

• weather conditions
• the strength of the tidal stream and wind
• the nature of the holding ground
• the type of anchor and anchor chain
• the amount of swinging-room available for the ship
The anchor's holding power depends on:

• Weight
• Type
• Bottom characteristics
(holding ground)
 THE TYPE OF HOLDING GROUND

• Very good holding ground: mixture of sand, shingle and clay or really heavy mud
(4 - 6 x anchor weight )

• Good holding ground: gravel, sand, shells, mud and clay

(3 - 5 x anchor weight)

• Poor holding ground: soft, silty mud or shingle and shells

(2 - 3 x anchor weight)

• Bad holding ground: rock, corals and weed

 THE PROXIMITY OF ADJACENT SHIPS

• The minimum swinging radius → length of the ship + length of cable veered

• The distance apart of adjacent ships → twice the minimum radius

For the practical purposes the diameter of turning area is the sum of the
length of the vessel, length of the anchor chain that is being used, and
safety reserve needed for dragging the anchor during turning around.
WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE SEABED?
 CHECK YOUR ANSWERS!

Sand with Shells Shells

Shells with Rock

 Anchoring Methods

There are two ways an anchor can be dropped to the seabed

• By letting go
In this method, we open the windlass brake to let the anchor go
under gravity.

• By walking back
Lowering the anchor with gear
 VOCABULARY

• Cliff → утёс • To exhibit → выставлять (огонь)

• Wreck → затонувшее судно • All-round light → круговой огонь
• Spit → коса • To prescribe → предписывать
• Foul ground → плохо держащий грунт • To take into account → принимать во внимание, учитывать
• Attached / Detached → примыкающий / отдельно лежащий • reduction → снижение, уменьшение
• Pinnacle → остроконечная скала • in ample time → заблаговременно
• In the vicinity of → в районе, поблизости • Stand-by → состояние готовности
• To threaten → угрожать • To determine → определить
• To keep clear of → держаться вдали от, остерегаться • To take bearings → брать пеленги
• Temporary → временный • To notify → известить
• Permanent → постоянный • To drag anchor → протаскивать якорь
• Emergency → аварийный • To deteriorate → ухудшаться, портиться
• Exposed → открытый, незащищённый • Pollution → загрязнение
• Man-of-war → военный корабль • To comply with → подчиняться, соблюдать (правила)
• Prohibited → запрещённый
 AT ANCHOR
RULE 30
Anchored vessels and vessels aground

(a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen: 

      (i) in the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball; 
      (ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescribed in paragraph (i), an
all-round white light. 

(c) A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres

and more in length shall, also use the available working
or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks. 
 IMO SMCP
1. Stand by port anchor for letting go. 1. Левый якорь к отдаче изготовить.
2. Walk out the anchor. 2. Приспустить якорь.
3. We are going to anchorage. 3. Мы следуем на якорное место.
4. We will let go port anchor. 4. Мы будем отдавать левый якорь.
5. Put … shackles in the water. 5. … смычек в воду
6. Walk back port anchor one shackle. 6. Подобрать левый якорь на одну смычку.
7. We will let go port anchor … shackle and dredge it. 7. Мы отдадим левый якорь на … смычку и протащим его
по грунту.
8. Let go port anchor. 8. Отдать левый якорь.
9. Slack out the cable. 9. Травить якорь-цепь.
10. Check the cable. 10. Задержать якорь-цепь.
11. Hold on the port cable. 11. Стоп травить левую якорь-цепь.
12. How is the cable leading? 12. Куда смотрит якорь-цепь?
- The cable is leading ahead. - Якорь-цепь смотрит вперед.
 LISTEN TO THE SMCP AND FILL IN THE GAPS

1. How is the cable _________ ?

2. The cable is _________ .
3. Is the anchor _________ ?
4. Yes, the anchor is holding.
5. Is she _________ up?
6. Yes, she is brought up in position …
7. _________ on the anchor lights.
8. _________ the anchor ball.
9. Check the anchor position by ________.
 CHECK YOUR ANSWERS!

1. How is the cable growing?

2. The cable is slack.
3. Is the anchor holding?
4. Yes, the anchor is holding.
5. Is she brought up?
6. Yes, she is brought up in position …
7. Switch on the anchor lights.
8. Hoist the anchor ball.
9. Check the anchor position by bearings.
NOW TRY TO MATCH THESE PHRASES WITH THEIR RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS

1. How is the cable growing? 1. Поднять якорный шар.

2. The cable is slack. 2. Проверьте место судна по пеленгам.
3. Is the anchor holding? 3. Да, якорь держит.
4. Yes, the anchor is holding. 4. Судно вышло на якорь?
5. Is she brought up? 5. Да, судно вышло на якорь в точке …
6. Yes, she is brought up in position … 6. Включить якорный огонь.
7. Switch on the anchor lights. 7. Как натянута якорь-цепь?
8. Hoist the anchor ball. 8. Держит ли якорь?
9. Check the anchor position by bearings. 9. Цепь натянута слабо.
 CHECK YOUR ANSWERS!

1. How is the cable growing? 1. Как натянута якорь-цепь?

2. The cable is slack. 2. Цепь натянута слабо.
3. Is the anchor holding? 3. Держит ли якорь?
4. Yes, the anchor is holding. 4. Да, якорь держит.
5. Is she brought up? 5. Судно вышло на якорь?
6. Yes, she is brought up in position … 6. Да, судно вышло на якорь в точке …
7. Switch on the anchor lights. 7. Включить якорный огонь.
8. Hoist the anchor ball. 8. Поднять якорный шар.
9. Check the anchor position by bearings. 9. Проверьте место судна по пеленгам.
 How to know if the anchor is dragging ?
To note down the position of the
ship when the anchor is dropped
along with the time of “let go
anchor” in the movement book.

To press the MOB button on the

GPS when the anchor is dropped.
 The visual bearing of two objects (or two points on the coast) is
the best way to check the anchor position.

The bearing of these two

objects is taken at least once
every hour. If there is no
significant change in these two
bearing, the ship is holding its
position.
 Find the following parts of Anchor Gear in the picture

Deck / Bollard /Electro-hydraulic motor /Warping head /Guide roller /Hatch to chain locker
/Brake band /Gear box /Dog clutch /Storage part of the mooring drum /Pulling section of the
drum / Chain stopper with security device /
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!