GRAPHICS &

MULTIMEDIA
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Multimedia
01 Introduction to Multimedia
The Basic Elements of
Multimedia
03

Categorization
02 Types of Multimedia
Computer
04
Generated Imagery
 01
MULTIMEDI
A
 CHANNEL OF
COMMUNICATION

MULTIMEDI
A

MANY
 What is
MULTIMEDIA?
 A representation of information in
an attractive and interactive manner
with the use of a combination of
text, audio, video, graphics and
animation.
 Media that uses multiple form of
information content and
information processing.
 Using more than one medium of
expression or communication.
 Components of
MULTIMEDIA\
 Multimedia also refers to the
use of electronic media to
store and experience
multimedia content.

 Examples of Multimedia
Application :
 CD-Interactive
 Multimedia Kiosks
 World Wide Web
 MMS
 ADVANTAGES OF MULTIMEDIA

 Is easy to use.
 Enhancement of Text Only Messages
 Improves over Traditional Audio-Video Presentations
 Gains and Holds Attention
 Good for “computer-phobics”
 Multimedia is Entertaining as Well as Educational
 Cost-effective
 Trendy
DISADVANTAGES OF MULTIMEDIA

 Expensive
 Not always easy to configure
 Requires special hardware
 Not always compatible
 02
CATEGORIZATIO
N OF
MULTIMEDIA
TYPES OF MULTIMEDIA
PRESENTATION
Linear Presentation
 Active content progresses
without any navigation
control for the viewer such
as a cinema presentation.
TYPES OF MULTIMEDIA
PRESENTATION
Non-linear Interactive
 content offers user
interactivity to control
progress as used with a
computer game or used
in self-paced computer
based training.
TYPES OF MULTIMEDIA
PRESENTATION
Hypermedia

A
 link is isdefined
Information
Hypertext linked and
means abycross-
referenced
database in in many different
which ways
source
and is widely(text)
available
and
to end users.
information has been
destination
organized nonlinearly. nodes,
The
and byconsists
database an anchorof nodesin
and links between nodes.
the source node.
Hypermedia
Types of link

Internal link (local) External link (global)

 Any link from one page on your  hyperlinks that point at (target)
website to another page on your any domain other than the
website.  domain the link exists on
(source).
03
THE BASIC
ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
 THE BASIC
ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
1. Text
 characters that are used to
create words, sentences, and
paragraphs.
• Text elements can be
categorize into:
o Alphabets characters: A – Z
o Number: 0 – 9
o Special characters: . , ; : „ “
o Symbols: @ # $ & *
 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
The use of Text
 Heading / Title
 Bullet / list
 Paragraph
 Scrolling text
 Navigation
 Text as graphics
THE BASIC ELEMENTS
OF MULTIMEDIA
Animation
 It is a series of graphics that
create an illusion of motion.
 Entertainment multimedia
titles in general, and
children’s titles specifically,
rely heavily on animation.
 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
The use of Animation
 To attract attention
 To inform about
the state of process
 Demonstrations
 Interactive simulations
THE BASIC ELEMENTS
OF MULTIMEDIA
Video
 The technology of
electronically capturing,
recording, processing, storing,
transmitting, and
reconstructing a sequence of
still images representing
scenes in motion.
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
The use of Video
 The embedding of video in multimedia applications is a powerful
way to convey information which can incorporate a personal element
which other media lack.
 Promoting television shows, films, or other non-computer media that
traditionally have used trailers in their advertising.
 Giving users an impression of a speaker‟s personality. 
 Showing things that move. For example a clip from a motion picture.
Product demos of physical products are also well suited for video .
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
Advantages of Digital Video
 One of the advantages of digitized video is that it can be easily
edited.
 The video is stored as a standard computer file.
 Software motion video does not require specialized hardware for
playback.
 Digital video requires neither a video board in the computer nor
an external device (which adds extra costs and complexity) such
as a videodisc player.
 Long-lasting.
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
Disadvantages of Digital Video
 Requires large storage capacity devices.
 Copies can be made illegally.
 Need fast computer system for playback and capture.
 Requires knowledge of digital compression technology.
 THE BASIC ELEMENTS
OF MULTIMEDIA
Is a technology that is used to record, store, manipulate,
generate and reproduce sound using audio signals
that have been encoded in digital form.
Is the technology of representing audio in digital form.
The digital audio chain begins when an analog audio
signal is converted into electrical signals—”on/off”
pulses—rather than electromechanical signals.
Brings analog sounds into a form where they can be
stored and manipulated on a computer.
It also refers to the sequence of discreet samples that are

AUDIO taken from an analog audio waveform.

 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
● To digitally record sound, samples of a sound wave are collected at periodic intervals and
stored as numeric data in an audio file.

• Sound waves are sampled many times per second by an analog-to-digital converter.

• A digital-to-analog converter transforms the digital bits into analog sound waves.

DIGITAL AUDIO QUALITY

The quality of a digital audio recording depends heavily on two factors: the sample rate and the sample
format or bit depth.

Sampling rate refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording
process.

Bit depth  determines the number of possible amplitude values we can record for each sample. 
- Higher sampling rates or bit depth increase the quality of the recording but require more storage space.
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
● Obstacles in Achieving a Perfectly Reproduced Audio

1. Analog noise floor in the capturing circuitry, and have inherent capacitance and inductance that
limit the bandwidth of the system, and resistance that limits the amplitude.

2. Digital quantization noise in the capturing circuitry, and sampling rate limits the bandwidth and
its bit resolution limits the dynamic range (resolution of amplitude creation).

● To play a digital audio file, you must use some type of audio software, such as:

– Audio players: small standalone software application or mobile app.

– Audio plugins: software that works in conjunction with your computer’s browser to manage and
play audio from a Web page.

– Audio software: general-purpose software and apps used for recording, playing, and modifying
audio files, such as iTunes, Windows Media Player, and Audacity.
 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
Conversion Process
A digital audio signal starts with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts an analog signal
to a digital signal. The ADC runs at a sampling rate and converts at a known bit resolution. 

After being sampled with the ADC, the digital signal may then be altered in a process which is called
digital signal processing where it may be filtered or have effects applied.

The digital audio signal may then be stored or transmitted. Digital audio storage can be on a CD, an
MP3 player, a hard drive, USB flash drive, CompactFlash, or any other digital data storage device.
Audio data compression techniques—such as MP3, Advanced Audio Coding, Ogg Vorbis, or Flac—
are commonly employed to reduce the file size.
 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
● The last step for digital audio is to be converted back to an analog signal with a digital-to-analog
converter (DAC). Like ADCs, DACs run at a specific sampling rate and bit resolution but through
the processes of oversampling, upsampling, and downsampling, this sampling rate may not be the
same as the initial sampling rate.
 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
History of Digital Audio use in Commercial
Recording
● The first 16-bit PCM recording in the United States was
made by Thomas Stockham at the Santa Fe Opera in
1976, on a Soundstream recorder.
● Commercial digital recording of classical and jazz music
began in the early 1970s, pioneered by Japanese
companies such as Denon, the BBC, and British record
label Decca, although experimental recordings existed
from the 1960s.
 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
● Morrissey-Mullen’s cover of the Rose Royce hit “Love
Don’t Live Here Anymore” (released 1979 as a vinyl EP)
was recorded in 1978 at EMI’s Abbey Road recording
studios, the first entirely digitally recorded (DDD)
popular music album was Ry Cooder’s Bop Till You
Drop, recorded in late 1978. 
● Digital audio has emerged because of its usefulness in the
recording, manipulation, mass-production, and
distribution of sound.
 THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF
MULTIMEDIA
GRAPHICS DIGITAL

 A digital representation
of non-text information,  An electronic technology
such as a drawing, chart, that generates, stores, and
or photograph. processess data in terms of
 The displayed images on two states: positive (number
a cmputer is a computer 1) and non-positive
graphics. (number 0).
Graphics
 Graphics make the multimedia
application attractive.
 A digital representation of non-text
information, such as a drawing, chart,
or photograph.
 Used more often than text to explain
a concept, present background
information etc. 
Use of Graphics
 To add emphasis
 Direct attention
 Illustrate concepts
 Provide background content
 Graphics in Multimedia
Advantages Disadvantages
 Make complex information
simple.  Take longer to download
 Enhance online teaching and  Require the use of plug-ins
learning. that the user may not have or
 Enhance communication with be able to install
some disabled groups,  Create accessibility barriers for
particularly those with learning some users
difficulties or cognitive
impairments.
 TWO FLOWS OF2D
GRAPHICS
Vector Graphics
 Images created with software that uses
geometrical formulas to represent images.
 Composed of individual elements, eg, arc,
line, polygon, with their own attributes
that can be individually edited.
 Can be created using any drawing
software, eg: Illustrator.
 Often used for creating logos, signs and
other types of drawing.
 Vector Graphics
Advantages Disadvantages
 The ability to resize and  One of the drawbacks of vector
rotate a graphic without graphics is that the more complex they
distortions a major are, the larger the file size and the
advantage of vector longer they take to appear on the
graphics. screen.
 Another advantage is their  Another disadvantage is that they
smaller file size. cannot display photorealistic quality.
 TWO FLOWS OF 2D
GRAPHICS
Bitmap Graphics
 Also called as raster graphics.
 A bitmap represents the image as an
array of dots, called pixels.
 Bitmap graphics are resolution-
dependent and generate large file
sizes.
 Commonly used for digital photos,
Web graphics, icons and other type
of images.
 Bitmap Graphics
Advantages Disadvantages
 It is more photorealistic.  Bitmaps are memory intensive,
 We can set the colour of and the higher the resolution, the
every individual pixel in the larger the file size.
image.  When an image is enlarged, the
individual coloured squares
become visible and the illusion
of a smooth image is lost to the
viewer.
Graphic Design Types of Graphic Design
Elements Principle ● Website Design
● User Experience (UX) Design
● Color ● Balance ● Motion graphics design or
● Form ● Contrast animation
● Line ● Emphasis
● Shape ● Movement Popular Graphic Design Tools
● Size ● Proportion
● Space ● Rhythm 1. GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)-
● Texture freely distributede program for photo retouching,
image composition and image authoring
2. Duckpin Design- ideas and inspiration are what
graphic designers needs most.
 Digital Design
- It is the umbrella term for any visual
communication and content that uses a
digital interface to offer information, a
product, or a service to anyone.
- The key principle of design that
digital design focuses on is movement.

DIGITAL DESIGNERS
-Creates images and elements that will
end up on a screen, whether that's a computer
screen, a phone screen, a dashboard, or any other
digital formats. it may also include audio and
sound effect to complement visuals.
Different Types of Digital Design
● Web Design- the most popular incarnation of digital design: a website is about as
common for businesses these days as a logo.
● Landing page- it is a one particular page of website that is focused on a product or
service that the business is trying to sell.
● Social Media Page and Post Design- it includes the layout of your post on your profile,
your cover images and your avatars too.
● Infographics Design- one entertaining way of relying information to your customers
through visuals.
● Email Design- for marketing purposes and informational newsletter that carry cohesive
and branding message.
● App Design
● Digital Ads Design
● Ebooks
● Presentation Design
● 3D Design
04
COMPUTER
GENERATED
IMAGERY

SLIDESGO.COM
 WHAT IS CGI?

 Computer-Generated Imagery
(CGI) is the creation of still or
animated visual content with
computer software.
 Key CGI Roles and Departments
01 Art Department
 responsible for translating a Directors vision and a script into visuals that can be
shared with the entire team to truly understand the creative and technical challenges
that lay ahead.

02 Pre-viz
 responsible for creating the first 3D
representation of the final visual effects shot.

03 Asset Department
 Virtual assets are need in visual effects to match real world objects or
create new objects that don't exist or are too expensive to build in the real
world.
 Key CGI Roles and Departments
04 Research and Development
 Responsible for building new software and tools to accomplish the tasks that can't be
done, or are simply too time consuming for artists to manually complete over and
over again.

05 Animation
 Basically anything that moves on film needs to
be animated. If it moves and has a performance
, an animator will most likely be behind the controls.

06 Matchmove
 also referred to as motion tracking and without it there would be no way to
incorporate 3D data into live action footage.
 Key CGI Roles and Departments
07 FX Simulation
 An FX Artist designs and creates FX animation, procedural simulation, dynamic
simulation, and particle and fluid systems.

08 Lighting
 The lighting artist is responsible for applying all lighting effects to the
digital scene. The artist takes into consideration the light sources of the
live-action plate and applies virtual lighting to mimic the existing
illumination within the environment. .

09 Matte paint
 A matte painting is an image, created using digital or traditional painting
techniques, to create a representation of a scene that would be impossible
for filmmakers to deliver in real life.
 Key CGI Roles and Departments
10 Rotoscaping
 Rotoscoping is used to create a matte or mask for an element so it can be extracted
out of place on a different background, masked out so colours can be changed or any
other set of reasons.

11 Compositing
 Compositing is the action of layering all the various elements in a shot –
live action, mattes, multiple CG passes, 3D lighting, animation, particle
effects – and blending them all seamlessly to create the photo-realistic final
shot.

12 Production
 Responsible with liaising with artists, flagging issues and generally tracking progress
and making sure everything stays on track from a scheduling perspective.