AFGHANISTAN

YLYLLE C. CASTILLO
G11- LITHIUM
• Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan, is the 37 th
most populous country in the world.
• It is bordered by Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and
Uzbekistan, it has a short border in the Wakhan Corridor panhandle with
Xinjiang, an autonomous region of China.
• It has an area of 652,230 sq km.
• It is a landlocked country in South Asia.
• Its capital and largest city is Kabul.
• Pashto and Dari are its official languages.
• The Afghani (AFN) is the currency of Afghanistan.
Flag of Afghanistan:
Black
represents the
occupation of
foreigners,
Red
represents the blood
of freedom fighters,
Green
represents freedom
and Islam.
HISTORY
Afghanistan’s history spans five thousand years and
the Afghan people have contributed to the emergence
of many Central Asian empires. The ancient centers
of culture and civilization were influenced by diverse
outsiders such as Rome, Greece, Arabia, Iran,
Central Asia, India, and China. Great conquerors
such as Jenghiz Khan and Timurlane swept through
Afghanistan during the 13th and 14th century. These
rulers brought with them the desire to establish
kingdoms, and founded cultural and scholarly
Official Sites of Afghanistan
Afghanistan’s current constitution is considered one
of the most democratic in the Islamic world. Since the
adoption of the constitution in 2004, Afghanistan is
an Islamic republic with a presidential government
system. The National Assembly (parliament) is the
Legislature of Afghanistan, a bicameral body of two
houses: the Wolesi Dschirga (House of the People)
and the Meschrano Dschirga (House of the Elder).
 LITERATURE
• refers to the literature produced in the
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
Influenced by Central and South
Asian literature, it is predominantly
written in two native and official
languages of Afghanistan, Dari and
Pashto. Some regional languages
such as Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi,
and Pashayi also appears in Afghan
literature. While Afghanistan is a
multilingual country, these languages
 THE
BOOKSELL
ER OF
KABUL

THREE CUPS OF
THE KITE TEA:ONES MANS
MISSION TO
RUNNER PROMOTE PEACE..
ONE SCHOOL AT
 A THOUSAND SPLENDID
SUNS

THE SWALLOWS OF KABUL

CULTURE & TRADITION

Family
- one’s family is the single most important aspect of life in Afghanistan.
Afghan culture is very collectivistic and people generally put their family’s
interests before their own.
Household Structure
- Afghan households are generally large and multigenerational. It is
customary for women to move in with their husbands’ family at marriage.
Family Dynamics
- family roles vary between ethnicities, socioeconomic statuses and regions.
Nevertheless, a traditional patriarchal age hierarchy prevails throughout all.
Gender Roles
- gender roles are highly patriarchal and rigidly defined in Afghan culture.The men
are viewed as the main income earners, while women are seen as the homemakers.
Marriage and Dating
- marriage is considered an essential component to life in Afghanistan and all
relationships are presumed to lead to marriage. ‘Dating’ is almost totally limited to
getting to know the person one will most likely marry and usually occurs in the
company of others (such as family members).
 LANGUAGE

•PASHTO
Pashto is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family. It is known in
historical Persian literature as Afghani

•DARI
Dari, Dari Persian, Persian in Afghanistan, or Eastern Persian is the variety of the Persian
language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the term officially recognised and promoted since
1964 by the Afghan government for the Persian language, hence it is known as Afghan
Persian or Eastern Persian in many Western sources.