GLASS

Glass is a true solid but a super cooled liquid with no definite

melting point. Microscopic examination shows that glass is

completely non-crystalline. Glass is compound silicate of Sodium

(and / or Potassium) and Calcium with small quantities of

metallic oxides.
 PROPERTIES OF GLASS
1.It absorbs, reflects or transmits light.

2.It has no definite crystalline structure.

3.It has no sharp melting point.

4.It can take up high polish.

5.It is affected by alkali’s.

6.Acids except Hydro Fluric have no effects on Glass.

7.Its hardness increases if Boric Oxide is mixed.

8.It is extremely brittle.

9.Its welding is possible by fusion.

10.It may be transparent or translucent.

11.It becomes soft when heated

12.It is usually not affected by air or water.

13.It is possible to alter some properties of Glass intentionally such as fusibility, hardness, reactive power etc.
 CLASSIFICATION OF GLASS:
Flat Glass

1.Sheet Glass Other Varieties

2.Plate Glass
1.Colored or stained glass.
3.Silvering

4.Glazing
2.Heat absorbing glass (property of
Safety Glass absorbing infra red rays of sun e.g.
1.Laminated Safety Glass Colorex glass).
2.Toughened Safety Glass
3.Mirror.
3.Wired Safety Glass

Heat Insulation Glass 4.Opal glass.

1.Foam Glass
5.Laminated glass.
2.Glass Fiber

Glass Block
CLASSIFICATION OF GLASS BASED ON CONSTITUENTS
FLAT GLASS: These are the glass used for doors and
windows.

Sheet glass:
It is in form of a sheet
It is either drawn or rolled
Cheapest way to get this type of glass is a flat drawn glass

Plate glass:
This glass is produced as a ribbon through rollers
Molten material is poured on a flat heated iron table with a
raised rim and rolled to a required thickness with heavy
iron roller.
SAFETY GLASS:

Laminated: It is formed by sandwich of a plastic material, such as Cellulose Nitrate or

Acetate or synthetic resins, in between two glass sheets. They are used in automobiles,
skylights, showcases, and on exposed sides of the buildings. When broken it shows spider
web structure.

Toughened: To obtain this type of glass it is heated to its softening point and then
suddenly

cooled. It is considerably stronger than ordinary glass. When broken it tends to

disintegrate into small fragments. It is used for entrance doors, counter tops, furnace
doors etc.

Wired : It is produced by incorporating wire mesh in body of glass during manufacturing in

such a way that it takes midway position between surfaces of the glass. Wire mesh
holds glass together when it is cracked and even when it is severely scattered. It is much
HEAT INSULATION GLASS :

Foam glass: It is obtained by gas evolution to occur within molten glass at an appropriate stage during manufacturing. It
is an efficient thermal insulating. It is absolutely water proof. Termite does not affect it. It is rigid. It is used in building
air conditioning, cold storage covering of hot and cold pipes, storage tanks etc.

Glass fiber: Glass may be softened and drawn mechanically in to thread or glass wool that are finer than silk. Its each
filament of 0.0036 mm. possesses tensile strength about 17500 Kg/m2. It may be woven in to fabric or used in loosely
packed form. For heat insulation glass wool is compressed with suitable binder in to insulating boards, tiles etc.

Because of high tensile strength glass fibers are used as strength material structural composites. When used as
reinforcements it offers advantages like:

1.high tensile strength

2.High Young’s Modulus.

3.Non combustibility.

4.Excellent moisture resistance.

5.Excellent corrosion resistance.

6.High heat resistance.

7.Low cost.
GLASS WOOL
GLASS BLOCKS

These are recent innovations. Using glass blocks considerable

area of walls may be made light transmitting without disadvantage of
undue heat loss and sound transmission.

Glass blocks are hollow and light transparent. It is produced by

fusing two pressed semi blocks. It may be square, rectangular or
angular. It is available in both varieties light diffusing and light
transparent. It may be color less or colored. It has sufficient
compressive strength but not recommended as load bearing material.
Owing to presence of air cells in block it gives very good thermal
insulating effect.
Glass Block
Masonry
Commercial Forms
of Glass
 Classification of Glass based on
composition

1.Soda-Lime or Crown Glass

2.Flint Glass
3.Pyrex or Heat Resistance Glass
Special Types of Glasses
Uses of Glass