HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTURE-I

STOA-GREEK PERIOD
WHAT IS STOA?

A COVERED WALKWAY OR
PORTICO, COMMONLY FOR
PUBLIC USE.

AN OPEN LONG BUILDING ITS

ROOF SUPPORTED BY ONE OR
MORE ROWS OF COLUMNS IN
FRONT OF IT.
 1. STOA OF ATTALOS
2. ARSENAL
3. METROON
4. MIDDLE STOA
5. SOUTH STOA II
6. EAST BUILDING

A TOP VIEW OF THE HELLENISTIC AGORA.

VENTILATION
• THE COLONNADED WALKWAYS
PROVIDE LIGHT AND FRESH AIR
FOR LITERALLY THOUSANDS OF
PEOPLE, WHILE PROTECTING
THEM FROM THE INTENSE SUN OF
SUMMER OR THE WIND AND RAIN
OF WINTER.

AIR & LIGHT

VENTILATION
PLAN OF STOA
 STOA AMHIARAION
• STOA AMPHIARAION (ENKOIMETERION) IS LOCATED
ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE SANCTUARY OF
AMPHIARAIOS.
• IT WAS BUILT 360 BC. THE TWO-AISLED STOA OPENS
TOWARDS THE SOUTHEAST WITH AN
OUTER DORIC COLONNADE OF FORTY-ONE COLUMNS
AND AN INNER IONIC COLONNADE OF SEVENTEEN
COLUMNS. A LEVEL AREA IN FRONT OF THE STOA WAS
USED AS A TRACK.
• PILGRIMS WOULD MIGRATE TO THE STOA
AND SLEEP THERE, AWAITING AN ORACLE'S
ADVICE. THE ROOMS SERVED AS SHELTER
SPECIFICALLY FOR FEMALE PILGRIMS.
• BEFORE ITS DESTRUCTION, TWO SMALL
ROOMS WERE SEPARATED FROM THE REST OF
THE STOA BY TWO COLUMNS WITH A SCREEN
BETWEEN THEM, WITH A BENCH RUNNING
THE LENGTH OF THE BACK WALL. 
STOA OF ATTALOS
• LOCATED ON THE EAST SIDE OF ANCIENT
AGORA. IT IS 120M WIDE AND 20M DEEP ,HAD
2 FLOORS WITH A SECOND SERIES OF COLUMNS
ON THE INTERIOR.IT HAD 21 SHOPS AT THE
BACK OF BOTH FLOORS.
• THIS STOA WAS IDENTIFIED AS THE GIFT FROM
ATTTALOS II, KING OF PERGAMON ,TO THE CITY
OF ATHENS FOR EDUCATION THAT ATTALOS
RECEIVED THERE.
• A DEDICATORY INSCRIPTION ON THE
ARCHITRAVE IS ENGRAVED AS BUILT BY ATTALOS
II RULER OF PERGAMON FROM 159 BC TO 138
BC.
 STOA POIKILE

ACROSS MODERN HADRIAN STREET ARE THE MOST RECENT EXCAVATIONS,ALONG THE NORTH SIDE
OF THE SQUARE. HERE HAVE BEEN REVEALED THE REMAINS OF ANOTHER LARGE STOA, IDENTIFIED
ON THE BASIS OF PAUSANIAS AS THE STOA POIKILE (PAINTED STOA). THE STOA WAS OF THE DORIC
ORDER OUTSIDE, WITH IONIC COLUMNS INSIDE, BUILT MOSTLY OF LIMESTONE, WITH MARBLE FOR
THE INTERIOR COLUMN CAPITALS.POTTERY SUGGESTS A DATE IN THE YEARS AROUND 470–
460 B.C. FOR THE CONSTRUCTION. THE STOA POIKILE, ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS BUILDINGS OF
ATHENS, TOOK ITS NAME FROM A SERIES OF HANDSOME PANEL PAINTINGS THAT ADORNED IT. 
 STOA OF ZEUS

THE STOA OF ZEUS ELEUTHERIOS WAS BUILT ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE AGORA
BETWEEN 430 AND 425 B.C. THIS MONUMENT WAS ERECTED TO HONOR ZEUS, AS
GUARANTOR OF FREEDOM, FOR HIS ROLE IN HELPING THE ATHENIANS DEFEAT THE
PERSIANS AT THE BATTLE OF PLATAEA. IT WAS CONSTRUCTED AS A CIVIC BUILDING WITH
TWO PROJECTING WINGS, EACH ADORNED WITH A NIKE ACROTERION ON THE SOUTH
AND NORTH SIDES. IT WAS USED AS A REPOSITORY OF THE SHIELDS OF THOSE WHO DIED
FIGHTING FOR ATHENS AT THE BATTLE OF PLATAEA. BUILT OF MARBLE AND LIMESTONE,
IT HAD DORIC COLUMNS ON THE EXTERIOR AND IONIC COLUMNS ON THE INTERIOR.
WITHIN, IT WAS DECORATED WITH PAINTINGS OF THE TWELVE GODS DONE BY
EUPHRANOR.
 STOA OF BASILEIOS

ON THE WEST SIDE, LYING JUST SOUTH OF THE PANATHENAIC WAY, ARE THE
REMAINS OF THE ROYAL STOA (STOA BASILEIOS), ONE OF THE EARLIEST AND MOST
IMPORTANT OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF ATHENS.IT SERVED AS THE
HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARCHON BASILEUS (KING ARCHON), SECOND IN
COMMAND OF THE ATHENIAN GOVERNMENT AND THE OFFICIAL RESPONSIBLE FOR
RELIGIOUS MATTERS AND THE LAWS.
 STOAS OF GREEK PERIOD

STOA OF PHILIP,DELOS STOA OF ANTIGONOS

STOA OF ATHENIANS
STOA OF NAXIANS
Reference Links:

http://agora.ascsa.net/id/agora/monument/royal%20stoa
https://travelkillsme.com/blog/stoa-of-attalos
http://www.agathe.gr/overview/the_stoa_of_attalos.html
https://ancientathens3d.com/