Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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PRE HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE 2
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20 Century
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REVIVAL 19 Century)
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RENAISSANCE (15 –18 Cent)
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GOTHIC (13 – 15 Century)
BYZANTINE SARACENIC
(4th Century) (7th Century)
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ROMAN( 2nd C.B.C.– 4 C. A.D. ) GREEK ( 8nd C.B.C.– 2 CA.D.
EGYPTIAN ASSYRIAN
ST TH
(5000 B.C. – 1 Cent. A.D.) (4000 B.C. – 4 Cent. A.D.)
MEXICAN INDIAN
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PRE HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE 3
b.) CANEPHORAE – same as caryatids but this time w/ basket on her head.
c.) ATLAS OR ATLANTES – male figure in kneeling position supporting the world at his
shoulders.
e.) ANTA COLUMN -- pier or pilaster formed by a thickening at the end of the wall.
PIER PILASTERS
SUPERIMPOSITION or SUPERCOLUMNATION -- the placing of one order after another or above another.
INTERCOLUMNATION -- the clear space between two adjacent columns usually measured
at the lower parts of the shafts.
ENTASIS – a swelling or curving along the outline of a column shaft . It was designed to counter-act
the “ Optical illusion ” which gives a shaft bounded by straight line appearance of curving inwards
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PRE HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE 4
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 5
H I E R O G L Y P H I C S
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 6
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 7
G. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
SYSTEMS OF CONSTRUCTION:
EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURES:
1. TOMBS ( 3 TYPES)
A. MASTABA- flat top or tapered solid temple
3 IMPORTANT PARTS OF MASTABA
1. OUTER CHAMBER- where offerings were placed
2. SERDAB – inner chamber containing the statues of the deceased member of the family
3. SARCOPHAGUS – chamber containing the “ coffin” reached by an under ground shaft.
e.g. MASTABA OF THI – ( THI - is a royal architect, superindentent of pyramids in Egypt )
Mastaba – are Tomb-houses that were made to take the body at full length .
STELE is the upright stone slab containing the name of the dead found in the mastaba
B. PYRAMIDS – evolved from MASTABA ; w/ four sides facing the Cardinal points , they
were made by 100,000 men for 100 years.
1.) STEP PYRAMID – evolved from Mastaba
e.g. PYRAMID OF KING ZOSER or ISER – built by IMHOTEP, oldest surviving
masonry bldg. structure in the world.
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 8
a) PYRAMID OF THE CHEOPS OR KHUFU (146.4 mts. High & ( 750 sq. ft. )
in plan two times the area of the famous “ St. Peter Basilica in Rome”.
b) PYRAMID OF CHEOPS or “Khafra” ( 143.0 mts. high ) & (705 sq. ft. ) in plan.
c) PYRAMID OF MYKERINOS or “Menkaura “ (109.0 mts. high) & (218ft. high).
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 9
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 10
3. OBELISKS – are monumental pillars usually in pairs at the temple entrances considered
the symbol of “Heliopolis” the sun god. They are square in plan & stands at the ht. of 9 to 10
times the diameter of the base. The four sides tapers to the top on the form of a small pyramid.
e.g. Cleopatra’s Needle, Embankment, London
Piazza of St. John Laterano, Rome.
4. SPHINX– a mystical monster with a body of a lion and head of a man or “ androsphinx”,
body of a lion & head of a hawk or“ heiraosphinx “, & body lion & head of a ram or “criosphinx”.
e.g. Great Sphinx at Gizeh near the Pyramid of the Cheops.
5. CAPITALS & COLUMNS
a.) Bud & Bell Capital d.) Volute Capital g.) Hathor – Headed Capital
b.) Polygonal Columns e.) Palm type Capital h.) Osiris Pillars
c.) Papyrus Capital f. ) Square Pillars
6. MOULDINGS – “Gorge and Hollow Moulding “ The torus mould in Egyptian temples were
used to cover the angles .
ORNAMENTS
a) Lotus Papyrus & Palm – for “ fertility”
b) Solar Discs & Vutures w/ wings – for “ protection ”
c) Spiral & feather ornament – for “ eternity ”
d) Scarab or sacred beetle – for “ ressurection”
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 11
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EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE 12
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