GE 6 Art Movements

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
GE 6 - ART APPRECIATION
Art History Timeline
Presented by : Group 3
Topic Outline
• Art Periods/Movements
• Characteristics
• Chief Artists and Major Works
• Historical Events
GE 6 ARTS APPRECIATION 2
Introduction to History of Art
• Since the beginning of mankind, human beings
have attempted to demonstrate their feelings
on life, love, religion, and other topics by
creating art.
• Whether it is architecture and paintings, or
sculpture and cave drawings, their art has
acted as a time capsule, and allowed us to see
how artists viewed the world in their time.
• As time and technology progressed, so did art,
and art history has been divided into periods
based on techniques and common trends.
• In this presentation we will further delve into
some of the periods, and explore the
characteristics, artists and historical events
that have defined humanity through art.
Stone age (30,000 B.C–
2,500 B.C.)
• Cave paintings were among the most popular

and there were also megalithic structures,
which are memorials that are large stones that
form prehistoric structures.
Lascaux Cave Painting
Artist: Humans living in Stone Age
• One of the most

famous caves and it
is famous for it's
Paleolithic cave
paintings.
• These paintings
consist of mainly
animals (mammals
to be exact) that
were native to the
area.
Stonehenge
Artist: Neolithic Britons
• Stonehenge,
prehistoric stone
circle monument,
cemetery, and
archaeological
site .
• It is one of the
most famous
Megalithic
structures sites on
the whole world. It
is located in
Wiltshire,
England.
Historical Events in Stone Age
• Stone Age is the end of this period marked the end of the
last Ice Age (10,000 b.c. – 8,000 b.c.), which resulted in the
extinction of animals.
• Agriculture was introduced during this time, which led to
more permanent settlements in villages. (8000 b.c.–2500
b.c.)
• People lived in small nomadic groups that hunted and
gathered their food. There was no farming, so if the animals
that the people hunted moved, the people followed them.
Mesopotamian (3500b.c.–539 b.c.)
• The art consisted of warrior art and stone relief work.

These are slabs of clay that were used as architectural
elements like wall facings.
• On these sculptures, there were names of rulers, sort
of like hieroglyphic inscriptions. Many rulers that were
carved into these slabs are on different monuments.
These hieroglyphics show their right to rule and other
matters like their power.
Stele of Hammurabi’s Code
• The Stele of Hammurabi

is an early example of
laws being codified and
publicly displayed.
Historical Events
• Sumerians invented Cuneifrom writing (3400 b.c.). It is
considered the most significant among the many cultural
contributions of the Sumerians and the greatest among those of
the Sumerian city of Uruk which advanced the writing of cuneiform
c. 3200 BCE..
• Hammurabi writes his earliest and most complete written legal
codes (1780 b.c.)
• The biblical book of Genesis tells how, during the second
millennium B.C., Abraham and his household of 80 people
followed a god known as Yahweh. Abraham's family grew into the
People of Israel, who formed Judaism, the earliest monotheistic
religion, and worshipped Yahweh only.
Egyptian (3100 b.c.–30 b.c.)
• The art that has been preserved was mostly made by the richest
people in the society, the Pharaohs and the other nobility. Most of
the art is in the form of wall carvings which told stories on the
walls of tombs and temples.
• The people are facing sideways, and the art used to have very
bright and rich colors which have faded over time.
• Egyptian art is based on afterlife for the sake of their rulers and to
show pride or respect for their gods or who they worshiped
Imhotep
• Imhotep (Greek
name, Imouthes, c. 2667-
2600 BCE) was an Egyptian
polymath (a person expert in
many areas of learning) best
known as the architect of
King Djoser's Step Pyramid
at Saqqara. His name means
"He Who Comes in Peace"
and he is the only Egyptian
besides Amenhotep to be fully
deified.
Step Pyramid of Djoser
• Djoser (c. 2670 BCE) was

the first king of the
Third Dynasty of Egypt
and the first to build in
stone. Prior to Djoser's
reign, mastaba tombs were
the customary form for
graves: rectangular
monuments made of dried
clay brick which covered
underground passages
where the deceased was
entombed.
Historical Events
• Upper and Lower Egypt became united around 3150 B.C.E. after
the Upper Egyptian leader Menes, also known as Narmer, led his
military forces to defeat Lower Egypt. Menes became the first king
to rule over both Upper and Lower Egypt.
• Ramesses II is perhaps best known for the battle of
Kadesh fought against the Hittite Empire over the city of Kadesh
in Syria. Although a military failure, Kadesh was a propaganda
victory for Ramesses, and he displayed this "victory" prominently
on the walls of several temples throughout Egypt
• Cleopatra, queen of Egypt and lover of Julius Caesar and
Mark Antony, takes her life by allowing a poisonous snake to bite
her bare breast following the defeat of her forces against
Octavian, the future first emperor of Rome.
Greek and Hellenistic (850–
31b.c.)
• Greek idealism is based on balance and perfect
proportions.
• This time period also consists of architectural
order :Doric, Ionic, Corinthian.
• These are sculptures and architectural places show
excellent flow and proportions.
• They also portray emphasis by the way everything is
formed perfectly and all of the clean lines.
Parthenon
• Parthenon, temple that

dominates the hill of the
Acropolis at Athens. It was built
in the mid-5th century BCE and
dedicated to the Greek goddess
Athena Parthenos (“Athena the
Virgin”). The temple is generally
considered to be the culmination
of the development of the
Doric order, the simplest of the
three Classical Greek
architectural orders.
Historical Evets
• Athens defeats Persia at Marathon (490 b.c.), Battle of
Marathon, (September 490 BCE), in the Greco-Persian Wars,
decisive battle fought on the Marathon plain of northeastern Attica
in which the Athenians, in a single afternoon, repulsed the first
Persian invasion of Greece. ;
• The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece
between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states
in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.). This war shifted
power from Athens to Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful
city-state in the region.
• Alexander the Great, a Macedonian king, conquered the eastern
Mediterranean, Egypt, the Middle East, and parts of Asia in a
remarkably short period of time.
Roman (500 b.c.– a.d. 476)
• Carved and modeled portraits

• They stressed the idea of physical perfection of the
human figure; anatomy
• Made for wealthy people
• very few Roman artists have been known to us
because they were not a respected class
Augustus of Primaporta
• The marble statue of Augustus at Prima Porta

adopts features from a Greek athletic statue
from fifth century B.C., the Doryphoros of
Polykleitos; its head, facial construction, leg
and overall pose.
• It gives the portrait of Augustus as a
handsome and young ruler, wearing a
decorated cuirass and a tunic, with the figure
of Cupid riding a dolphin on his side.
Colosseum
• Colosseum, also
called Flavian Amphitheatre,
giant amphitheatre built in
Rome under the
Flavian emperors.
Construction of the
Colosseum was begun
sometime between 70 and
72 CE during the reign of
Vespasian.
Historical Events
• On March 15, 44 B.C.E., Julius Caesar was stabbed to death in

Rome, Italy. Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic, and
his assassins were Roman senators, fellow politicians who helped
shape Roman policy and government.
• Augustus (also known as Octavian) was the first emperor of
ancient Rome. Augustus came to power after the assassination
of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. In 27 BCE Augustus “restored” the
republic of Rome, though he himself retained all real power as
the princeps, or “first citizen,” of Rome.
• Emperor Diocletian decided to divide Rome into two sections to
try and stabilize the empire. For 100 years, Rome experienced
more divisions and in 395, it finally became The Western Empire
and The Eastern Empire.
• The Fall of the Western Roman Empire was the process of
decline during which the empire failed to enforce its rule, and its
vast territory was divided into several successor polities. The
Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise
effective control;
Indian, Chinese, and Japanese
(653 b.c.–a.d. 1900)
• Their arts show a cultural and aesthetic richness.

• Cultural tradition, religious beliefs, features of geography, the
written word, respect for nature, and man’s role in the universe all
influence the making of art in Asia.
• Whether they are powerful ritual objects or sacred sculptures,
exquisite textiles, delicate porcelain vessels, or vast landscapes
on scrolls and screens, works of Chinese and Japanese art
inspire viewers with their beauty and provide valuable clues to
understanding the cultures that created them.
Nymph of the Luo River
Artist: Gu Kaizhi
• The painting depicts

the meeting of Cao Zhi
and Goddess Luoshen
at the Luoshui River.
Travelers in a Wintry Forest
Artist: Li Cheng
• Li Cheng ( 李成 , 919–967), was a

Chinese landscape painter during the
Five Dynasties period and early Song
Dynasty.
• Travelers in a Wintry Forest scene
is a microcosm of the natural cycle of
growth and decay, with the great
pine, symbolizing the virtuous
gentleman, surrounded by trees
ranging from youthful saplings to a
shattered ancient hulk.
Historical Events
• On April 8, Buddhists celebrate the commemoration of the birth

of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, thought to have
lived in India from 563 B.C. to 483 B.C.
• The expedition of Zhang Qian in 138 BC is considered to be the
foundation of the first 'Silk Road'. On his return to Han China, his
most important achievement was to demonstrate the possibility for
safe travel far to the west.
• Buddhism spreads to China (1st–2nd centuries a.d.) and Japan
(5th century a.d.)
Byzantine and Islamic(476–
1453)
• Sculptures of portrait busts and full length statues of
religious figures represented as commemorative.
• These are also relief carvings and paintings and also
mosaics.
• These can also represent architectural buildings, such
as shrines or temples.
• All of the art work doesnt pertain to religion, but also
certain territories.
• Calligraphy, vegetal patterns, geometric patterns, and
figural representation.
Haggia Sophia
Artist: Giovanni Bellini
• Hagia Sophia also called Church

of the Holy Wisdom or Church of
the Divine Wisdom, an important
Byzantine structure in Istanbul
and one of the world’s great
monuments.
• The building reflects the religious
changes that have played out in
the region over the centuries,
with the minarets and inscriptions
of Islam as well as the lavish
mosaics of Christianity.
Holy Trinity Painting
Artist: Andrei Rublev
• A highly creative piece, Andrei

Rublev’s Troitsa (Russian for
Triune or Trinity) hails from the
summit of a more-than-
thousand-year-old
iconographic tradition.
• As you might have surmised, it
is a Trinitarian interpretation of
Gen 18:1-16, the episode in
which “three men” visit
Abraham and Sarah and
promise them a son.
Historical Events
• Justinian I , also known as Justinian the Great, was Eastern
Roman emperor from 527 to 565. His reign is marked by the
ambitious but only partly realized restoration of the Empire. This
ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of
the defunct Western Roman Empire.
• The first phase of Iconoclasm: 720s–787
removing an icon of Christ from the Chalke Gate of the imperial
palace in Constantinople in 726 or 730, sparking a widespread
destruction of images and a persecution of those who defended
images.
• The start of Islam is marked in the year 610, following the first
revelation to the prophet Muhammad at the age of 40.
Muhammad and his followers spread the teachings of Islam
throughout the Arabian peninsula.
Middle Ages (500–1400)
• Celtic-Germanic art combined with ornamental
interlacing patterns
• Geometric and abstract arts. There was also
use of wood and stone in Celtic art.
• Examples of castles and cathedrals
• Gothic art
St. SerninArtist: Giovanni Bellini
• a basilica built in the Romanesque style in 1070, characterized by its barrel vaults, sturdy
columns and thick walls, and its arcade. It was built from stone and brick and is the largest
known Romanesque structure still in existence.
Durham Cathedral
Historical Events
• Viking raids (793–1066), The devastating Viking attack on the
church of St Cuthbert in 793 sent a shockwave through Europe.
But a Christian community at Lindisfarne survived, and recorded
the event on the famous 'Domesday stone'.
• Battle of Hastings, 1066 is the date of the last successful invasion
of England, the year in which William, Duke of Normandy,
defeated England's Saxon army, killed the king, Harold, and
seized the throne. The battlefield survives remarkably intact.
• The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians
and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites
considered sacred by both groups. In all, eight major Crusade
expeditions — varying in size, strength and degree of success —
occurred between 1096 and 1291.
Early and High Renaissance
(1400 – 1550)
• Painting, sculpture, and decorative art of European history such

as the Renaissance
• Known as a distinct style in Italy, and also the rebirth of ancient
traditions
• Classical antiquity = Cultural history
• Renaissance art marks the transition of Europe from the medieval
period to the early and high period.
Ghiberti’s Doors Artist: Giovanni Bellini
• Gates of Paradise, Italian Porta

del Paradiso designed by the
sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti for the
north entrance of the Baptistery of
San Giovanni in Florence.
Brunelleschi’s Cathedral
Artist:
• Florence Cathedral is the

cathedral of Florence, Italy
(Italian: Duomo di Firenze). It
was begun in 1296 in the
Gothic style to a design of
Arnolfo di Cambio and was
structurally completed by
1436, with the dome
engineered by Filippo
Brunelleschi.
Historical Events
• Johannes Gutenberg, born in Mainz, Germany, invented the

European technology of printing with movable type around
1447.
• The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the
Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city fell on 29 May
1453 as part of the culmination of a 53-day siege which had
begun on 6 April. The city's collapse marked the end of the Middle
Ages.
• On October 12, 1492, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus
made landfall in what is now the Bahamas. Columbus and his
ships landed on an island that the native Lucayan people called
Guanahani. Columbus renamed it San Salvador.
• The Reformation generally is recognized to have begun in 1517,
when Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German monk and university
professor, posted his ninety-five theses on the door of the castle
church in Wittenberg. Luther argued that the church had to be
reformed.
Venetian and Northern
Renaissance (1430– 1550)
• Architecture was really important

• Focused on visual keys of perspective in every piece
• Sixteenth-century Venetian painters long enjoyed a
reputation as the standard-bearers of an approach that
was at once painterly, effective and steeped in the
primacy of color as its guiding principle.
• Painters in the three regions shared many aesthetic
goals and many artistic ties bound them together.
Pieta
• Pieta depicts the dead body

of Christ being held up by
Mary and Joseph. His
wounds from the sword and
his crucifixion are still fresh.
• The three figures are
positioned in the central
foreground with an obscured
(by the three figures) rural
landscape unwinding behind
them.
Laura
Artist: Giorgionne
• The painting “Laura” depicts a young

woman in a red, fur-lined coat, with a
translucent white robe beneath that
wraps up and across her chest.
• The laurel that accompanies her can be
interpreted as a symbol of chastity, and
the baring of her breast her fecundity and
potential for a fruitful marriage, lending
itself to the theory that it may have been
commissioned as a marriage portrait.
Historical Events
• Council of Trent, 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic

Church, held in three parts from 1545 to 1563. Prompted by the
Reformation, the Council of Trent responded emphatically to the
issues at hand and enacted the formal Roman Catholic reply to
the doctrinal challenges of the Protestants.
• In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus detailed his radical theory of the
Universe in which the Earth, along with the other planets, rotated
around the Sun. His theory took more than a century to become
widely accepted.
Mannerism (1527–1580)
• The term mannerism describes the style of the paintings and

bronze sculpture on this tour.
• Derived from the Italian maniera, meaning simply “style,”
mannerism is sometimes defined as the “stylish style” for its
emphasis on self-conscious artifice over realistic depiction.
• This intellectual bias was, in part, a natural consequence of the
artist’s new status in society.
• No longer regarded as craftsmen, painters and sculptors took their
place with scholars, poets, and humanists in a climate that fostered
an appreciation for elegance, complexity, and even precocity.
The Last Supper
Artist: Jacopo Tintoretto
• It is the last supper

Jesus Christ had
with his disciples
before his crucifixion
and resurrection.
During the last
supper, Jesus spoke
to with his followers,
broke bread, and
offered wine in his
remembrance.
Christ Healing the Blind
Artist: El Greco
• El Greco painted this

masterpiece of dramatic
storytelling either in Venice or
in Rome.
• It illustrates the Gospel
account of Christ healing a
blind man by anointing his
eyes.
• The two figures in the
foreground may be the blind
man’s parents. The upper left
portion of the composition is
unfinished. El Greco painted
two other versions of the
subject, and seems to have
taken this one with him to
Spain.
Historical Events
• The Magellan expedition, often called Magellan–Elcano

expedition, was a Spanish expedition initially led by Portuguese
explorer Ferdinand Magellan to the Moluccas, which departed
from Spain in 1519, and culminated with the first
circumnavigation of the world in 1522 by the Spanish Juan
Sebastián Elcano.
Baroque (1600–1750)
• Baroque art is the height of religious art. There is a lot movement

and drama created by color contrasts as well as emotion.
• Baroque art is meant to have an emotional impact on the viewer.
The Church hoped that these huge, dramatic paintings would
convert people to follow them.
• Architecture also evolves from the gothic thin walls, flying
buttresses and lots of detail, to rounded curves and ovals. More
drama was always better in Baroque art.
Portrait of the Duke of Lerma
Artist: Reuben Equestrian
• In this life-sized painting,

Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas,
the first minister of Spain, is
shown as chief of the Spanish
armies riding a white steed.
• Great precision was used to
depict the delicateness of the
Duke's collar, intricate gleaming
armor, jewelry, bejeweled
garments, and spurred boots as
well as the grandeur of the
horse's wavy mane, bridle,
intense eyes, and glossy coat.
Rembrandt
• Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Dutch Baroque painter

and printmaker, one of the greatest storytellers in the
history of art, possessing an exceptional ability to render
people in their various moods and dramatic guises.
• Rembrandt is also known as a painter of light and shade and
as an artist who favored an uncompromising realism that
would lead some critics to claim that he preferred ugliness to
beauty.
• One of Rembrandt’s famous painting is The Night Witch.
The Night Witch
Artist: Rembrandt
• The painting is
famous for three
things: its colossal
size (363 cm
× 437 cm (11.91 ft
× 14.34 ft)), the
dramatic use of light
and shadow
(tenebrism) and the
perception of motion
in what would have
traditionally been a
static military group
portrait.
• The painting was
completed in 1642, at
the peak of the
Dutch Golden Age.
Historical Events
• The religious conflicts which had begun in the
Renaissance with the Reformation and Counter
Reformation continue well into the 17th c.
• The battle between the Catholic and Protestants
launched wars, and separated a country - the
Netherlands, became Catholic Flanders (modern day
Belgium) and Protestant Holland.
• The conflict between the Catholics and the Protestants
had a great effect on art.
Neoclassical (1750– 1850)
• Art that recaptures Greco-Roman grace and grandeur

• "Neoclassical" means "new" classical, so the art of this
time period is similar to classical greek style with
emphasis on human form and seriousness. The artists
took serious ancient stories and depicted them in a
serious way. They thought that a piece of art should
teach a moral lesson, so their art is symbolic.
Jacques Louis David
• The art of Jacques Louis David embodies the style known as
Neoclassicism, which flourished in France during the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
• David championed a style of rigorous contours, sculpted forms,
and polished surfaces; history paintings, such as his
Lictors Bringing Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (Musée du Louvre,
Paris) of 1789, were intended as moral exemplars.
The Lictors Returning to Brutus the
Bodies of his Sons
Artist: Jacques David
• David uses two
fundamental
components to
succinctly retell a story
from Roman history;
here, Brutus, a father,
has sentenced to death
his two sons because of
their treasonous actions.
His patriotism was
greater than even his
love for his family,
although his stoic grief
reveals the dear cost of
this conviction.
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
• With a daring blend of traditional technique and

experimental sensuality, Jean-Auguste-Dominique
Ingres reimagined Classical and Renaissance sources
for 19th century tastes. A talented draftsman known for
his serpentine line and impeccably rendered,
illusionistic textures.
Napoleon on his Imperial Throne Artist: Jean Ingres
• Ingres's painting was inspired by

art historical depictions of power; it
was a strategy similarly employed
by Napoleon himself, who often
used symbolism associated with the
Roman and Holy Roman empires to
reinforce his rule.
Historical Events
• The "Enlightenment“ began during the time. This originated in
England and it was the idea that humans can know everything and
that everything can be explained through scientific testing and
reasoning. John Locke, Voltaire, Alexander Pope and Diderot were
all influential Enlightenment thinkers who developed this idea.
• Advances happen in the fields of electricity, steam power (trains),
combustion (engines), oil, iron, coal and steel. These developments
lead to the Industrial Revolution which means that lots of people
moved to cities to work in factories to produce goods quickly. These
poor people realized how valuable they were because without them
the factories wouldn't work and the rich people wouldn't make money,
so they start demanding better treatment.
Romanticism (1780–1850)
• The artists of the time created works that were about imagination
and individuality in response to the industrial revolution. People
were flocking to the cities and the artists wanted to express that
there was more than the harsh realities of factory work. They
used soft lines and lots of color.
• The subjects that appear in art from this time period reflects the
struggle that many workers were facing. Much of the art reflects
the revolutionary push by the workers.
Caspar David Friedrich
• Friedrich took the genre of landscape painting,

traditionally considered unimportant, and infused it with
deep religious and spiritual significance. Believing that
the majesty of the natural world could only reflect the
magnificence of God, he featured sunlight vistas and
foggy expanses to convey the beautiful power of the
divine.
The Cross in the Mountains
Artist: Caspar David Friedrich
• Friedrich's The Cross in the

Mountains features a pine-
covered mountaintop upon
which stands a large crucifix.
• The cloud-filled sky is
rendered in shades of red,
pink, and violet which fade
from dark to light from the top
to the bottom of the canvas.
Five beams of light emanate
from a distant, unseen horizon
Théodore Géricault
• Theodore’s radical choice of subjects taken from

contemporary life, his fusion of classical forms with an
atmospheric, painterly style, his passion for horses, his
attraction to sublime and horrific subjects, and his
compassion for the weak and vulnerable in society
make him a singularly complex artist, but one who
helped set the path for Romanticism's emphasis on
emotion and subjectivity.
The Raft of Medusa
Artist: Theodore Gericault
• The epic painting The

Raft of the
Medusa features a
gruesome mass of
figures afloat at sea,
some dead, some
struggling for life, in a
tangled mass
positioned on a crudely-
made raft.
Historical Events
• American Revolution, also called United States War of
Independence or American Revolutionary War, (1775–83), insurrection by
which 13 of Great Britain’s North American colonies won political
independence and went on to form the USA
• French Revolution, also called Revolution of 1789, revolutionary
movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its
first climax there in 1789—hence the conventional term “Revolution of
1789,” denoting the end of the ancient regime in France and serving also
to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830
and 1848.
• On December 2, 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I at
Notre Dame de Paris. According to legend, during the coronation he
snatched the crown from the hands of Pope Pius VII and crowned
himself, thus displaying his rejection of the authority of the Pontiff.
Realism (1848–1900)
• The attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without
artificiality, and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic
and supernatural elements.
• The focus of art turns to the everyday actions and people. This
means that the subject of art is the working class. The camera is
also invented which affects how artists choose to make paintings
look more realistic.
Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot
• Is a French landscape and portrait painter as well as a

printmaker in etching.
• He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast
output simultaneously referenced the Neo-Classical tradition
and anticipated the plain-air innovations of Impressionism.
Hagar in the Wilderness
Artist: Jean Corot
• Hagar was the servant of

Abraham, whose wife Sarah was
unable to conceive. Wanting a
child, Abraham had a son with
Hagar, only for Sarah to bear him
a child of her own, Isaac.
Jealous, Sarah banishes Hagar
and her son Ishmael to the
Beersheba Desert, where they
almost die of thirst, only to be
saved by an angel at a spring.
• Corot depicts the moment of
Hagar's final breakdown; as the
angel approaches in the
distance, she beseeches God to
pity her.
Historical Events
• European democratic revolutions of 1848, series of

republican revolts against European monarchies,
beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany,
Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure
and repression and were followed by widespread
disillusionment among liberals.
Impressionism (1865– 1885)
• Impressionism is marked by painters painting outside
in direct sunlight and using dots, slashes and dabs of
color that is not blended into the colors around it. They
were also interested in changing light, the weather and
reflections on water.
• The most conspicuous characteristic of Impressionism
was an attempt to accurately and objectively record
visual reality in terms of transient effects of light and
color.
Claude Monet
• Claude Monet was the leader of the French Impressionist

movement, literally giving the movement its name.
• Interested in painting in the open air and capturing natural light.
• Masterful as a colorist and as a painter of light and atmosphere,
his later work often achieved a remarkable degree of abstraction,
and this has recommended him to subsequent generations of
abstract painters.
Women in the Garden
Artist: Claude Monet
• Women in the Garden was painted

at Ville d'Avray using his future wife
Camille as the only model. While
meticulously composed, was to
render the effects of true outdoor
light, rather than regard
conventions of modeling or drapery.
Post-Impressionism (1885–1910)
• Concentrated on subjective visions and symbolic, personal

meanings rather than observations of the outside world. This was
often achieved through abstract forms.
• Post-Impressionist painters include Georges Seurat, noted for his
pointillism technique that used small, distinct dots to form an
image.
• Vincent van Gogh is also considered a Post-Impressionist painter,
searching for personal expression through his art, often through
rugged brushstrokes and dark tones.
• Each painting provides a direct sense of how the artist viewed
each scene, interpreted through his eyes, mind, and heart.
Starry NightArtist:Vincent van Gogh
• The emphasis on interior,

emotional life is clear in his
swirling, tumultuous depiction of
the sky - a radical departure
from his previous, more
naturalistic landscapes.
• Van Gogh followed a strict

principal of structure and
composition in which the forms
are distributed across the
surface of the canvas in an
exact order to create balance
and tension amidst the swirling
torsion of the cypress trees and
the night sky.
Historical Events
• Belle Époque (late-19th-century Golden Age)

• Spanning the years between the end of France's Second
Empire (1852-1870) and the beginning of the First World War,
the Belle Époque was an era characterised by optimism,
economic prosperity, and technological and scientific progress
in both Europe and the United States.
• Japan defeats Russia (1905)
• Russo-Japanese War, (1904–05), military conflict in which a
victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist
policy in East Asia, thereby becoming the first Asian power in
modern times to defeat a European power.
Fauvism and Expressionism
(1900– 1935)
• Expressionism: figurative art artists purposefully disforms color,

form, light, texture for desired intensification of emotional reaction.
• Symbolist: colors are expressive in and of itself
• Fauvism has harsh colors and painting with figures that are
flattened. This means that people or animals or other figures don't
look realistic because they don't look like they are 3D. "Fauv"
means "wild beast" in French, and most of the Fauvists were French
and German painters.
Henri Matisse
• Henri Matisse is widely regarded as the greatest

colorist of the 20th century and as a rival to
Pablo Picasso in the importance of his innovations.
• use color as the foundation for expressive, decorative,
and often monumental paintings.
• towards the end of his life, he made an important
contribution to collage with a series of works using cut-
out shapes of color. He is also highly regarded as a
sculptor.
The Woman with a Hat
Artist: Henri Matisse
• Matisse attacked conventional

portraiture with this image of his
wife.
• Amelie's pose and dress are typical
for the day, but Matisse roughly
applied brilliant color across her
face, hat, dress, and even the
background.
• This shocked his contemporaries
when he sent the picture to the 1905
Salon d'Automne. Leo Stein called it,
"the nastiest smear of paint I had
ever seen," yet he and Gertrude
bought it for the importance they
knew it would have to modern
painting.
Historical Events
• Boxer Rebellion in China (1900)
• This time period spans World War 1 (1914-1918).
They had prepared for a long time and then the war lasted a long
time and a lot of people died. This was the first war with "trench"
warfare in which soldiers stayed for a long time in ditches on a
battleground and neither side won any ground.
Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism,
Constructivism, De Stijl (1905–1920)
• Cubism was invented around 1907 in Paris by Pablo Picasso and

Georges Braque. It was the first abstract style of modern art.
Cubist paintings ignore the traditions of perspective drawing and
show you many views of a subject at one time.
• Pablo Picasso was the most dominant and influential artist of the
first half of the 20th century
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Artist: Pablo Picasso
• An example Of Cubism
• The subject matter of nude
women was not in itself
unusual, but the fact that
Picasso painted the women as
prostitutes in aggressively
sexual postures was novel.
• Picasso's studies of Iberian
and tribal art is most evident in
the faces of three of the
women, which are rendered as
mask-like, suggesting that their
sexuality is not just aggressive,
but also primitive.
• Futurism was a revolutionary Italian movement
that celebrated modernity. They glorified
industrialization, technology, and transport along
with the speed, noise and energy of urban life
The City Rises
Artist: Umberto Boccioni
• This pioneering work

launched Futurism
when it was exhibited
in Milan in the 1911
Mostra d'arte libera
• The painting combined
the brushstrokes and
blurred forms of Post-
Impressionism with
Cubism's fractured
representations.
Black Square
Artist: Kazimir Malevich
• Suprematism was developed in
1915 by the Russian artist Kazimir
Malevich. It was a geometric style of
abstract painting derived from
elements of Cubism and Futurism.
• This painting took the form of a

black square. The artistic theory
of Suprematism involves
Malevich’s conviction that only in
art is there a "supremacy of pure
feeling
• Constructivism used the same geometric language as Suprematism but
abandoned its mystical vision in favor of their 'Socialism of vision'
Constructed Head No.2

Artist: Naum Gabo
• Gabo began to experiment with

Constructivist principles, working
with modern industrial materials
including glass, metal, and
plastic. Constructed Head No. 2,
which embodies both Cubist and
Constructivist principles, was
executed in celluloid and
galvanized metal.
• De Stijl was a Dutch 'style' of pure abstraction developed by Piet Mondrian, Theo Van
Doesburg and Bart van der Leck. Mondrian was the outstanding artist of the group. He was a
deeply spiritual man who intended on developing a universal visual language that was free
from any hint of the nationalism that led to the Great War.
Composistion A
Artist: Piet Mondrian
• Composition A - whose title

announces its nonobjective nature by
making no reference to anything
beyond itself - is a good example of
Mondrian's geometric abstraction
before it fully matured within the
framework of the De Stijl aesthetic.
• In summary, Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism,
Constructivism, and De Stijl are other reactions to
the pre and post World War 1 world.
• Cubism takes realistic objects, takes them apart
and makes them into geometric shapes.
• Futurism adds movement to this idea by making
the shapes a little more rounded.
• Supremativism breaks down experiences into color
and shape.
• De Stijl (shteel) are blocks of color and black lines
in geometric patterns.
Historical Events
• Russian Revolution of 1917, Revolution that
overthrew the imperial government and placed the
Bolsheviks in power. Increasing governmental
corruption, the reactionary policies of Tsar Nicholas II,
and catastrophic Russian losses in World War I
contributed to widespread dissatisfaction and economic
hardship.
• On August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the
Constitution was finally ratified, enfranchising all
American women and declaring for the first time that
they, like men, deserve all the rights and
responsibilities of citizenship.
Dada and Surrealism (1917–1950)
• Dada and Surrealism could be seen as a response to the modern
advances in medicine and the political reality and struggle of
World War II. Artists tried to make people think about life
differently by making ridiculous art. They painted dreams and
began exploring the unconscious.
Dust Breeding
Artist: Marcel Duchamp
• Dust Breeding is an
important early example
of collaboration in
Surrealism; where two
artists utilized the
combination of imagery
to defy literal
presentation and
concoct an all-together
new piece in which one
media interrogates and
challenges another.
Historical Events
• World War II was in the 1940s, where the Nazi Party in Germany tried to
make a master race by "cleansing" its society by killing off people with
mental disabilities, physical disabilities, and different religions, specifically
Judaism. World War II was the first time the hydrogen atom bomb was
used. The United States dropped two atom bombs in Japan, causing
high amounts of destruction that had never been seen before with just
one bomb.
• There are many advances in the scientific community concerning health.
Vaccines are created and cures for formerly fatal diseases like Polio and
the Measles are discovered. People also began to study psychology and
theorize about how the mind works.
Abstract Expressionism (1940s–1950s)
and Pop Art(1960s)
• Artwork expressionism art represents emotions. Like art therapy;

gives you a way to express your feelings. Artists are looking for
new ways to express themselves. Cameras are advanced
enough now that many painters do not create paintings that
represent reality realistically.
• "Pop" Art is about the culture of these young people

experimenting with new things.
Autumn Rhythm(Number 30)
Artist: Jackson Pollock
• Example of Abstract
Expressionism
• The piece is exemplary

of Pollock's famous
"drip" works in which
paint was poured,
splattered, and applied
by the artist in an
extremely physical
fashion from above to a
canvas which lay on the
ground.
Drowning Girl
Artist: Roy Lichtenstein
• Example of Pop Art
• The painting has been described

as a "masterpiece of
melodrama", and is one of the
artist's earliest images depicting
women in tragic situations, a
theme to which he often returned
in the mid-1960s.
• It shows a teary-eyed woman on
a turbulent sea. She is
emotionally distressed,
seemingly from a romance.
Historical Events in
Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art
• This is during World War II. After World War II, the Cold War
started. The term "Cold War" refers to the standoff between
Capitalism and Communism.
• The Cold War happened because everyone had access to nuclear
weapons and people were scared that someone would start using
them If one country used one, then another country would use
another and that would cause World War III.
• U.S.S.R. suppresses Hungarian revolt (1956) and
Czechoslovakian revolt (1968)
Postmodernism (1970–1990) and
Deconstructivism (1980– )
• Postmodernism is a term which describes the postmodernist

movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated
cultural movements.
• some art is political, so it focuses on modern issues like women's
rights, industrialism, and globalization.
• Cindy Sherman ironically positions herself both within and
outside this media, providing a critique of the notion of a fixed
feminine role through her reflexive technique and also subjecting
representation itself to question: must women always be shown
as victims and martyrs? By bringing this question to the fore, she
reduces the power of representations of women.
Untitled Film Still #21
Artist: Cindy Sherman
• This black and white

photograph shows a
young woman from the
1950s framed by the
skyscrapers of the big
city, her expression
ambiguous - part
determined, part
apprehensive.
• Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture that
began in the late 1980s.
• Zaha Hadid used painting as a method of representing her building
designs in the abstract, often showing them as a disassembled
collection of parts, which was a signature of Deconstructivism.
The Peak Blue Slabs
Artist: Zaha Hadid
• This painting was made in

the early years of Hadid's
career as an architect, before
any of her designs had been
constructed.
• It shows her un-built yet
competition-winning design
for a private leisure club -
The Peak - on a
mountainside in Hong Kong.
Historical Events
• The Nuclear Freeze campaign was a mass movement in the
United States during the 1980s to secure an agreement between
the U.S. and Soviet governments to halt the testing, production,
and deployment of nuclear weapons.
• Cold War fizzles
• Communism collapses in Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. (1989–
1991), Iraq wars, climate change, rise of populism and
autocracies.
• The collapse of the Berlin Wall was the culminating point of the
revolutionary changes sweeping East Central Europe in 1989.
Throughout the Soviet bloc, reformers assumed power and ended
over 40 years of dictatorial Communist rule. The reform
movement that ended communism in East Central Europe began
in Poland.

GE 6 Art Movements

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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

• Cave paintings were among the most popular

• One of the most

• The art consisted of warrior art and stone relief work.

• The Stele of Hammurabi

• Djoser (c. 2670 BCE) was

• Parthenon, temple that

• Carved and modeled portraits

• The marble statue of Augustus at Prima Porta

• On March 15, 44 B.C.E., Julius Caesar was stabbed to death in

• Their arts show a cultural and aesthetic richness.

• The painting depicts

• Li Cheng ( 李 成 , 919–967), was a

• On April 8, Buddhists celebrate the commemoration of the birth

• Hagia Sophia also called Church

• A highly creative piece, Andrei

• Painting, sculpture, and decorative art of European history such

• Gates of Paradise, Italian Porta

• Florence Cathedral is the

• Johannes Gutenberg, born in Mainz, Germany, invented the

• Architecture was really important

• Pieta depicts the dead body

• The painting “Laura” depicts a young

• Council of Trent, 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic

• The term mannerism describes the style of the paintings and

• It is the last supper

• El Greco painted this

• The Magellan expedition, often called Magellan–Elcano

• Baroque art is the height of religious art. There is a lot movement

• In this life-sized painting,

• Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Dutch Baroque painter

• Art that recaptures Greco-Roman grace and grandeur

• With a daring blend of traditional technique and

• Ingres's painting was inspired by

• Friedrich took the genre of landscape painting,

• Friedrich's The Cross in the

• Theodore’s radical choice of subjects taken from

• The epic painting The

• Is a French landscape and portrait painter as well as a

• Hagar was the servant of

• European democratic revolutions of 1848, series of

• Claude Monet was the leader of the French Impressionist

• Women in the Garden was painted

• Concentrated on subjective visions and symbolic, personal

• The emphasis on interior,

• Van Gogh followed a strict

• Belle Époque (late-19th-century Golden Age)

• Expressionism: figurative art artists purposefully disforms color,

• Henri Matisse is widely regarded as the greatest

• Matisse attacked conventional

• Cubism was invented around 1907 in Paris by Pablo Picasso and

• This pioneering work

• This painting took the form of a

Constructed Head No.2

• Gabo began to experiment with

• Composition A - whose title

• Dada and Surrealism could be seen as a response to the modern

advances in medicine and the political reality and struggle of

differently by making ridiculous art. They painted dreams and

began exploring the unconscious.

• Artwork expressionism art represents emotions. Like art therapy;

• "Pop" Art is about the culture of these young people

• The piece is exemplary

• Example of Pop Art

• Li Cheng ( 李成 , 919–967), was a