EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

‫(مصرية‬Misria) ‫(هندسة معمارية‬handasat muemaria)

BSA 1B-Grp4
 Ancient Egyptian history begins prior to
the Predynastic Period (c. 6000 - 3150
BCE) and continues through the end of
the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323 -30 BCE).
OBJECTIVES:

 Interpret the different types of structure of Ancient

Egyptian Architecture.

 To identify the Ancient Egyptian Architects and

thier accomplishment.

 To know the characteristic of Egyptian Arcitecture.

 CHARACTERISTICS OF EGYPTIAN
ARCHITECTURE

 Massive structures came to be favoured from the Old Kingdom

 Mud-bricks was the principal building materials for domestic
building.
 Stone was favoured for temples and tombs
 Features of mud construction were often echoed in stone.
* for example, columns
were built to
resemble plants or
bunches of plants.

* corner detailing
oftem resembled
bunches of reeds
used as a binding
material in mud construction.
FUNERARY STRUCTURES

 Egyptian aristocratic culture focussed on preparation for

life and death.
 Preservation of bodies through mummification and
providing goods for the afterlife were considered
essential.

MASTABAS
 meaning “House for Eternity” or “Eternal House”
 Flat roofed, rectangular tomb with outward sloping sides
that is constructed with mud-bricks.
 Marked the burial sites of meny eminent Egyptians.
DJOSER'S STEP PYRAMID
 Oldest pyramid in Egypt.
 constructed at Saqqara about 4,700 years ago.
 the pyramid was constructed using 11.6 millions cubic
feet of stone and clay.
 197 foot high (60 meters) pyramid, with 6 layers, one
built on the top of others.
 the pyramid is at the center of a complex (15 hectares),
surrounded by recessed limestone wall that contains 13
fake doorways.
 only 11 of the king's daughters were buried inside the
pyramid.
 the planning of the pyramid has been attributed to
Imhotep, a vizier and chief architect.

Djoser, sometimes spelled as Zoser(though he was actually

called Netjerykhet) was a king of Egypt's 3rd dynasty.
GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA

 also named Pyramid of Khufu after the 4th dynasty.

 was built as a tomb for pharaoh Khufu.
 the architect of the phyramid was Khufu's vizier named
Hemiunu.
 it was the tallest man-made structure in the world for
over 3,800 years with height of 147 meters and took over
20 years to build with 20,000 workers.
 2.3 million stone blocks each weight an average of 2.5 to
15 tons.
 have three major rooms: King's Chamber, Queen's
Chamber and the Grand Gallery.
 there were three small pyramids next to the Great
Pyramid built for Khufu's wife.
THEBAN NECROPOLIS

 pryramidal structures were abandoned in Old Kingdom.

 later Pharaohs were buried in Upper Egypt across the
Nile from Karnak.
 Large concentrations of tombs were cut into cliffsides at
what are now known as the Valley of the Kings and the
Valley of the Queens.
 interior were richly decorated with paintings an low-relief
carvings.
VALLEY OF THE KINGS

 Entrance were hidden to protect tomb treasures from

grave-robbers.
 over the millennia this has proven largely
unsuccessful. Only Tutenkhamen's tomb eluded
them.

VALLEY OF THE QUEENS

 An ancient royal necropolis where the wives of

pharaohs were laid to rest from 1550-1070 BCE.
 During the time of New Kingdom pharaohs, the area
was called Ta-Set-Neferu which means “The Place of
the Children of the Pharaoh”
 Also used for burials of princes; princessesand other
members of nobility.
MORTUARY TEMPLES

 Though mummies and treasures might be concealed,

more conspicuous temple structures were still required
like Hatshepsut's Temple near the Theban Necropolis.

HATSHEPSUT'S TEMPLE
- Is not only a memorial temple that honors Queen
Hatshepsut, it is also one of the greatest Egyptian
Architecture achievements. Designed by
SENENMUT(Hatshepsut's steward and architect).
- Hatshepsut's temple is a part of Theban Necropolis.
- it took 15 years to complete.
 TEMPLES

 These were built in the same forms as palaces, with three

increasingly restricted areas.
 The entire temple was surrounded by a windowless wall.
 Within the temple, light and shadow were important
features.
 Walls might be blank or incised with low relief carvings.
 Lightings through wall openings, columns, and clerestory
windows in the colonnade, were intended to feature
particular locations. In the case of Abu Simbel, the
statures on the wall deepest in the temple, emerged from
shadow on two days during the year.
KARNAK TEMPLE

 Largest temple in the world and the largest religious

building ever made.
 located at “thebes” luxor city.
 Known as the temple of Amun, it ws called Ipet-isu “The
most select of Palaces” in the middle kingdom, also
known as Pr-Imn “House of Amon” and dates back to
2055 BC to around 100 AD, itbuilt over 2000 years.
TEMPLE CONSISTS OF:

* First Pylon
-An avenue of ram-headed Sphinxes leads to the
first pylon. Ram head symbolizing to god Amun, there are 20
rams of each side, it was built to protect the temple. The
First Pylon is the main entrance to the temple and last
building at Karnak.
* Great Court
- 100m in lenght and 80m in wide it contains ten
papyrus columns every column is 21m in height. Now only
one column still stand is known as a Kiosk of Taharqa who
was the fourth king of the 25th Dynasty.
* Great Hypostyle hall
- Most amazing building in karnak. It 103m in
length and 52m in width, it consists of 134 gigantic stone
columns are 24m in height and 3.5m in diameter, other 122
columns are 12m in height. It built by King Seti who ruld
from 1290-1279 B.C.
* Sacred Lake
-A 120m by 77m Karnak Temple Secret lake made
it the largest of it's kind. It was used by priest for
purification and other rituals like navigation, it was the
home of sacred geese of Amun.
LUXOR TEMPLE

 Largest Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the

east bank of the Nile river in the city known as Luxor and
was constructed approximately 1400BCE.
 It is dedicated to Amon, king of the gods, his consort Mut,
and their son Khons.
 Construction of the temple was begun by the pharaoh
Amenhotep III (1390-52 BC) and was completed by
Tutankhamen(1336-27 BC) and Horemheb (1323-1295
BC) and then added to by Rameses II (1279-13 BC).
 Constructed of sandstone blocks from Nubia
 the temple complex is surrounded by mud-bricks
 DWELLINGS

 During ancient times Egyptian lived in houses made from mud

bricks.
 the house of the poor were made from single wall which were one
bricks thick, while those rich were made from double thick walls to
increased security made by stone.
 most egyptian houses had atleast three rooms and all houses had
flat roofs.
 GROUP 4
Mc Aldrine Mateo
Kenneth Tungpalan
Kenneth Sibayan
Jiroh Galiza
Johariko Santiago
Ratcheller Enguito