EARLY DWELLINGS

PRE HISTORY

• THREE PERIODS:
• PALEOLITHIC-2,000,000-12000(BP)
• MESOLITHIC
• NEOLITHIC
• BRONZE AGE/IRON AGE
PALEOLITHIC TOOLS

• AXES,CHOPPERS,SPEARS,WOOD
• SCRAPERS
• KNIVES
• CHISELS

• BASKETS,BAGS .
• DRILLED IN WOOD FOR HOUSES,BOATS ETC
• TAMED FIRE.
 STILL LATER…
• LANGAGE DEVELOPED, INVENTION OF CLOTHING, ADVANCED
TOOLS
• DWELLINGS MADE OF MAMMOTH TUSKS,LEG BONES,SKULLS,JAWS.
• MADE BOATS TO SAIL IN SEA.HARPOONS WERE INVENTED…THAT
BROUGHT FISH TO DIET.ABUNDANCE OF FOOD.
• NOMADS.
• MOVED FROM AFRICA TO ASIA- SOUTHERN INDIA,MALAY
ISLANDS,AUSTRALIA,
• JAPAN,CHINA,ALASKA,NORTH AMERICA.
HARPOONS
UPPER PALEOLITHIC PERIOD….

• INVENTIONS LIKE- NET,BOLAS,SPEAR THROWER,BOW ARROW,CERAMIC

ART ETC.
• DOMESTIC ANIMALS WERE TAMED

• ART.
• CAVE PAINTINGS,VENUS FIGURINES,ANIMAL
CARVINGS AND ROCK PAINTINGS
VENUS FIGURINE: WOMEN OF WILLENDORF
• HALF HUMAN, HALF ANIMALS IMAGES WERE SEEN- PROVED THAT THEY BELIEVED IN
RELIGIOUS AND SUPER NATURAL POWERS.
• CAVES WERE FIRST SHELTERS.
• AFTER THE COMING OF TENTS AND HUTS- CAVES WERE USED AS RELIGIOUS PLACES
AND THE FIGURES ON CAVE WALLS FOR RELIGIOUS USE.
• ROOFS OF CAVES COVERED WITH WOOD,STRAW,ROCK,BONES TO PROTECT FROM
WATER DRIPPING.
• TRACES OF HOUSES OR TENTS SHOWED FRAME OF MAMMOTH BONES.
• THE TUSKS SUPPORTED THE ROOF ,THIGH BONES SUPPORTED THE WALLS.
• SEVERAL LAYERS OF HIDES WERE USED TO MAKE ROOF.
• HOUSES HAD HEARTH TO KEEP WARM.(SIBERIA,FRANCE,GERMANY ETC).
• OTHER HOUSES HAD TIMBER POSTS,WALL OF TWIGS AND ROOF LAYERS OF
STRAW.
• PIT HOUSES ALSO PRESENT.
TERRA AMATA
MESOLITHIC AGE

• CLIMATE WARMER
• INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE
• SETTLEMENTS DONE NEAR WATER BODIES.
NEOLITHIC AGE(10000)
MAN STARTED TO SETTLE WITH AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY.
CERAMIC POTTERY TO STORE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE ARRIVED.
BEGINING OF VILLAGE LIFE, RELIGION, DEVELOPMENT OF ART FORMS,
ARCHITECHTURE, POTTERY, CERAMICS, FARMING, ETC.

MUD BRICK HOUSES COATED WITH PLASTER STARTED APPEARING.

ENTRY TO HOUSE THROUGH ROOFS.ACCESS WITH LADDERS BOTH INSIDE AND
OUTSIDE.
ROUGH GROUND COVERED WITH MATS OR SKINS..
THATCH HOUSES WITH SMALL WALL OPENINGS.
TOMBS FOR DEAD WERE BUILT.
PREHISTORIC HOUSES
•MAMMOTH HOUSES(20,000-14,000B.P)
FOUND IN UKRAINE, FRANCE, SIBERIA, GERMANY.

SHEILINGS:
HUTS OR GROUP OF HUTS FOR FAMILY LIVING. FOUND IN SCOTLAND
PIT HOUSES (Eg.pit house called KIVAS in chaco canyon,mexico)
DWELLINGS DUG INTO GROUND.POSTS DUG INTO GROUND TO HOLD THE
ROOF.THERMAL EFFICIENCY BECAUSE OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF SOIL.
EG.ANCESTRAL PEUBLO,FREMONT & MONGOLIAN CULTURE IN SW.AMERICA.
ARCHAIC RESIDENCE OF WYOMING,N.AMERICA
ARCHAIC RESIDENCE OF LAKE TITICACA BASIN, S.AMERICA.
PIT HOUSE AND SHEILINGS
NEOLITHIC VILLAGE AT SKARA BRAE,SCOTLAND-

HOUSES BUILT INTO MOUNDS.

CIRCULAR HOUSES WITH HEARTH, STONE BEDS ON EITHER SIDE SET INTO
WALL AND STONE AGE FURNITURE.
LATER HOUSES HAD DOORWAY WITH STONE SLAB THAT CAN BE CLOSED AND
SECURED BY BAR FITTED INTO DOOR JAMBS.
ROOF MADE OF PERISHABLE MATERIAL LIKE WHALE BONE, DRIFT WOOD
BEAMS, COVERED WITH TURF, SKIN STRAW, THATCHED SEA WOOD.
HAD DRAINAGE FACILITY.
SKARA BRAE,SCOTLAND
SKARA BRAE,SCOTLAND
LAKE DWELLINGS
• BUILT ON PLATFORMS SUPPORTED BY PILES.END OF PILE DRIVEN DEEP
INTO MUD SURROUNDED BY HEAVY STONES.
• A LACE WORK OF TREE TRUNKS WERE BUILT ACROSS THE PILES FORMING
PLATFORM,ON WHICH ONEOR TWO ROOMED HUTS WITH BEATEN CLAY
FLOOR IS BUILT.
LAKE DWELLINGS
(ARBON BLAICHE, SWITZERLAND, STAGNO
ITALY
LA DRAGA ,SPAIN)
BUILT ON PLATFORMS SUPPORTED BY PILES.END OF PILE DRIVEN DEEP
INTO MUD SURROUNDED BY HEAVY STONES.
LAKE
DWELLINGS
 CLIFF HOUSES
• HOUSES BUILT RIGHT INTO MOUNTAIN CLIFFS.
• ROOMS CARVED INTO SOFT ROCK OF MOUNTAINS.
• CLIFF DWELLINGS,MESA VERDE OF COLORADO, AMERICA
 OPPIDA/OPPIDUM
• MAIN DEFENDED PLACE.
• USED EARTHWORKS AS MATERIAL THAN STONE.
HEARTH HOUSES :IN COLD REGIONS HUTS WITH
1-2 ROOMS WITH HEARTH IN MIDDLE WERE
BUILT.
HEARTH HOUSES
COUTYARD HOUSES
CENTRAL COURTYARD
SPIRITUAL, MEMORIAL & MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES

• MEGALITHS ARE LARGE MONUMENTAL STONES

• THESE STRUCTURES ARE MADE OF HEAVY STONES BY INTERLOCKING
SYSTEM AND NOT USING MORTAR.
• Predicting astronomical events.
• IT SHOWS MANS DESIRE TO DECORATE,CONSIDERATIONS OF SYMMETRY,
ORIENTATION AND CHOICE OF SITE. Eg Stonehenge, Salisbury, England
DOLMENS
• ALSO KNOWN AS PORTAL TOMB.CONSISTS OF THREE OR MORE UPRIGHTI
UNDRESSED STONE SLABS SUPPORTING HUGE CAPSTONE.
• DOLMENS SEEN IN PREHISTORIC SITES OF GOCHANG, HWASUN, GANGHWA
IN KOREA.
• IN INDIA- MORAL PARI IN MALLACHANDRAN IN TN
• MARAYOOR IN KERALA.
STONE BALLS –COSTA RICA.