HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTURE 1
PRESENTED BY GROUP 5
AGATON, LILIAN SINEL, MARDY
ALDAY MAYETH CUADRO, JAN MICHAEL
PAULME, SHAWEL
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1
QUESTION 1: THEY ARE KNOWN AS GODS DWELLING ON EARTH.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER: "PHARAOS"
THEY ARE THE SOLE MASTERS OF THE COUNTRY AND ITS
INHABITANTS. THEY ARE COSIDERED AS BUILDERS AND LEADER
WHO INITIATED THE DESIGN, FINANCING, QUARRYING AND
TRANSPORTING OF MATERIALS, ORGANIZATION OF LABOR AND
CONSTRUCTION ITSELF)
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
2
QUESTION 2:

WHO HAS THE SMALLEST ROYAL

TOMB IN THE VALLEY OF THE
KINGS AND ASCENDED THE
THRONE AT A TENDER AGE OF
NINE OR TEN? HE'S ALSO KNOWN
AS MOST FAMOUS PHAROAH OF
ALL TIME.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER: "TUTANKHAMUN
(1341 BC – 1323 BC)"

ORIGINALLY NAMED TUTANKHATEN WHICH LITERALLY MEANS “LIVING IMAGE OF THE ATEN”, REFLECTED THE
FACT THAT TUTANKHATEN’S PARENTS WORSHIPPED A SUN GOD KNOWN AS “THE ATEN”. AFTER A FEW YEARS ON
THE THRONE THE YOUNG KING CHANGED HIS RELIGION, ABANDONED THE ATEN, AND STARTED TO WORSHIP THE
GOD AMUN [WHO WAS REVERED AS KING OF THE GODS]. THIS CAUSED HIM TO CHANGE HIS NAME TO
TUTANKHAMUN, OR “LIVING IMAGE OF AMUN”.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
3
QUESTION 3: GIVE THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

ANSWER:
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
4
QUESTION 4: A PEDESTAL FOR A SCULPTURE OR ORNAMENT AT THE APEX OR AT EACH OF THE
LOWER CORNERS OF A PEDIMENT.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER: "ACROTERIUM OR
ACTROTERION"
ORIGINALLY A PETAL-SHAPED ORNAMENT WITH INCISED PATTERN, SUCH AS THE HONEYSUCKLE, WAS PLACED ON
THE RIDGE AND AT THE EAVES AT EITHER SIDE OF THE PEDIMENT. LATER THIS ORNAMENTATION WAS
DEVELOPED INTO GROUPS OF STATUARY, AS AT THE TEMPLE OF APOLLO (420 BC) ON THE ISLAND OF DELOS; THE
CROWNING GROUP IS DOMINATED BY EOS, THE DAWN, BEING LIFTED UP BY THE HANDSOME GOD CEPHALUS. AT
FIRST, ACROTERIA WERE MADE OF TERRA-COTTA, AS WERE THE ROOF TILES; LATER THEY WERE MADE OF STONE.
THE ACROTERIA OF THE APOLLO TEMPLE ARE MADE OF BEAUTIFUL SEMITRANSLUCENT PENTELIC MARBLE.

THE ACROTERION IS SOMETIMES INCORPORATED INTO THE DESIGN OF FURNITURE; FOR EXAMPLE, IT CAN BE
PLACED IN THE BROKEN PEDIMENT OF A SECRETARY BOOKCASE.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
5
QUESTION 5: GIVE THE ROMAN SOCIAL ORDER BEFORE 484 BCE

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

ANSWER:
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
6
QUESTION 6: GIVE THE THREE PRE-HISTORIC RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER: MENHIR, DOLMEN,
CROMLECH
A.MENHIR - PRE-HISTORIC MONUMENT CONSISTING OF A SINGLE LARGE STANDING
STONE.
B..DOLMEN – TOMB OF STANDING STONES; TWO OR MORE UPRIGHT STONES SUPPORTING A
HORIZONTAL SLAB.
C. CROMLECH - CONSISTING OF AN ENCLOSURE FORMED BY HUGE STONES PLANTED ON
THE GROUND IN CIRCULAR FORM.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
7
QUESTION 7:

IT IS THE CONICAL TENT WITH

WOODEN POLES AS FRAMEWORK,
COVERED WITH RUSH MATS AND
AN ANIMAL SKIN DOOR HOGAN -
PRIMITIVE INDIAN STRUCTURE
OF JOINED LOGS.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
WIGWAM OR TEPEE
-
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
8

QUESTION 8:

IT'S A DOMINANT TOMB TYPE,

CORRIDOR INSIDE LEADING TO
AN UNDERGROUND CHAMBER

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
TUMULUS OR PASSAGE
GRAVE
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
9
QUESTION 9:

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORE

COMPLEX CIVILIZATIONS LED TO
DIVISION OF THE ROOM INTO
SMALLER ONES FOR EATING,
SLEEPING, SOCIALIZING. IT IS
MOSTLY HAD ONE ROOM.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
PRIMITIVE
DWELLINGS
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
10
QUESTION 10: INNUIT (ESKIMO) HOUSE CONSTRUCTED OF HARD-PACKED SNOW BLOCKS BUILT
UP SPIRALLY.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

ANSWER:
IGLOO
-
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
11
QUESTION 11:

ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS BUILDING

GROUPS OF THE WORLD. IT RESEMBLES
OTHER EARLY BASILICAN CHURCHES IN
PLAN, WITH LONG ROWS OF COLUMNS
CONNECTED BY ARCHES, DOUBLE AISLES,
AND A NAVE WHICH HAS THE USUAL TIMBER
ROOF. THE EXTERIOR HAS BANDS OF RED
AND WHITE MARBLE AND THE GROUND
STOREY IS FACED WITH WALL ARCADING.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
PISA CATHEDRAL
THE ARCHITECT BUSCHETO COMBINED EASTERN ARCHITECTURE,
BYZANTINE FEATURES AND LOMBARD DECORATION TO CREATE A NEW
STYLE, CALLED ‘PISAN ROMANESQUE’. A STYLE THAT EXPANDED FROM
HERE TO MANY AREAS UNDER PISAN CONTROL.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
12
QUESTION 12:

MOST ARRESTING BUILDING IN PISA

CATHEDRAL. RISING IN 8 STOREYS OF
ENCIRCLING ARCADES. DUE TO THE
SUBSIDENCE IN THE FOUNDATIONS, THE
INCLINATION OF THE TOWER INCREASES.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
LEANING TOWER OF PISA
IT IS A CIRCULAR TOWER THAT IS 16 METERS (52 FT.) IN DIAMETER.
THE PART OF THE TOWER NOW OVERHANGS ITS BASE BY MORE THAN
4.20 METERS (10' 10").
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
13
MOST IMPORTANT RENAISSANCE BUILDING IN ITALY. THE CATHEDRAL, THE PIAZZA, AND
THE VATICAN FORMS A WORLD FAMOUS GROUP. IT IS THE OUTCOME OF THE WORKS OF
MANY ARCHITECTS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF MANY POPES DURING A PERIOD OF 120 YEARS.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
ST. PETER'S BASILICA
LIST OF ARCHITECTS WOTH THE PAST OF 120 YEARS OF CONSTRUCTION;
DONATO BRAMANTE (1506); FRA. GIOVANNI GIACONDO AND GIULIANO DA
SANGALLO (1513); RAPHAEL SANTI (1514); ANTONIO DE SANGALLO AND
BALDASSARRE PERUZZI (1520); MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI (1546); GIACOMO
DA VIGNOLA (1564), PIRRO LIGORIO (1565), GIACOMO DELLA PORTA (1572),
AND DOMENICO FONTANA (1585); CARLO MADERNO (1606); AND GIAN LORENZO
BERNINI (1629)
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
MODERN ARCHITECTURE - ARCHITECTS
14

EXAMPLES OF HIS WORK ARE THE CHAPEL OF NOTRE DAME IN RONCHAMP AND VILLA SAVOYE
AT POISSY. VILLA SAVOYE IS THE REALIZATION OF HIS 5 POINTS OF NEW ARCHITECTURE.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

ANSWER: LE CORBUSIER
LE CORBUSIER WAS BASED IN SWITZERLAND AND
FRANCE AND HE DOMINATED THE EUROPEAN SCENE FOR
NEARLY HALF A CENTURY. HE BELIEVED THAT "THE
HOUSE IS A MACHINE TO LIVE IN", MEANING THAT THE
PROGRAM FOR BUILDING A HOUSE SHOULD BE SET OUT
WITH THE SAME PRECISION AS THAT FOR BUILDING A
MACHINE.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
MODERN ARCHITECTURE - ARCHITECTS
15
QUESTION 15:

SOME EXAMPLES OF HIS

WORK IS THE JOHNSON
WAX CO. BUILDING, THE
FALLINGWATER IN
PENNSYLVANIA, THE
SOLOMON R. GUGGENHEIM
MUSUEM IN NEW YORK, AND
THE IMPERIAL HOTEL IN
TOKYO

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

ANSWER: FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
HE IS KNOWN FOR ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
AND THE IMPERIAL HOTEL IN TOKYO
WHERE HE PLAYED A DECISIVE ROLE IN
THE RENEWAL OF JAPANESE
ARCHITECTURE.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
PRE HISPANIC ERA
16
A TERM DERIVED FROM THE LATIN
“VERNACULUS”,
MEANING DOMESTIC, NATIVE,
INDIGENOUS

CAN BE DEFINED AS A TYPE OF

LOCAL OR REGIONAL
CONSTRUCTION, USING
TRADITIONAL MATERIALS AND
RESOURCES FROM THE AREA WHERE
THE BUILDING IS LOCATED.

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
VERNACULAR / VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE
CATEGORY OF ARCHITECTURE BASED ON LOCAL
NEEDS AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND
REFLECTING LOCAL TRADITIONS
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
SPANISH COLONIAL ERA
17
THIS ARE ONE OF THE BAHAY NA
BATO PART AND ESSENTIAL
FEATURES;

IT FEATURES TWO
LANDINGS LED TO THE UPPER FLOOR
AND DIRECTLY
ONTO THE INTERIOR HANGING
VERANDA (CAIDA)

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
"ESCALERA"
IT IS A WOODEN STAIRCASE WHICH IS
ESSENTIALLY A PART OF BAHAY NA BATO
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
AMERICAN COLONIAL ERA
18
HE INTRODUCED THE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
“KAHN STRUCTURAL SYSTEM" DURING THE EARLY
PERIOD OF AMERICAN COLONIZATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES. HE WAS NICKNAMED AS
“CAMINERO” OR “ROAD
BUILDER”

WHO IS THIS AMERICAN COLONIAL ERA

ARCHITECT?

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
"WILLIAM EDWARD PARSONS"
WAS AN ARCHITECT AND CITY PLANNER KNOWN FOR HIS WORKS IN THE PHILIPPINES
DURING THE EARLY PERIOD OF AMERICAN COLONIZATION IN THE COUNTRY AND HE
WAS RECOMMENDED BY BURNHAM PERSONALLY, TO CONTINUE THE BEAUTIFUL CITY
MOVEMENT
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
POST-WORLD WAR II ERA
19
FROM THE IMAGES BELOW IDENTIFY OR ATLEAST GIVE FIVE(5) THIRD
GENERATION FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
THE POST-WAR DOCTRINE WAS “FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION,”
OTILIO ARELLANO CARLOS ARGUELLES CESAR CONCIO CRESENCIANO DE CASTRO GABRIEL PAPA FORMOSO

LEANDRO LOCSIN ALFREDO LUZ FELIPE MENDOZA ANGEL NAKPIL JOSE MARIA ZARAGOZA

FRANCISCO MAÑOSA
OTHER ARCHITECTS:
FRANCISCO FAJARDO
AUGUSTO FERNANDO
CARLOS BANAAG
GINES RIVERA
ANTONIO HEREDIA
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
LATE-TWENTIETH CENTURY
20
IN 1975, WHAT ARCHITECTURAL
ORGANIZATION WAS FORMED BY THE
MERGER OF P.I.A, THREE(3)
ARCHITECTURAL ORGANIZATIONS IN
THE PHILIPPINES?

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
UNITED ARCHITECTS OF THE PHILIPPINES
(UAP)
IT WAS FORMED IN 1975 THROUGH THE MERGER OF THREE ORGANIZATIONS
NAMELY THE PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS (PIA)
,LEAGUE OF PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTS (LPA),
ASSOCIATION OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECTS (APGA)
 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
CAMBODIAN ARCHITECTURE
21
QUESTION: 26
ONE OF THE TWO MOST
IMPORTANT TEMPLE BUILT BY
INDRAVARMAN I

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS ,

HTTPS://WWW.PILOTGUIDES.COM/ARTICLES/THE-
EIGHTH-WONDER-OF-THE-WORLD-ANGKOR-WAT/
 ANSWER:
ANKOR WAT
ANGKOR WAT LITERALLY MEANS 'CITY OF TEMPLES', AND IT IS THE BIGGEST RELIGIOUS
STRUCTURE IN THE WORLD. BILLED AS THE EIGHTH WONDER OF THE WORLD, IT WAS
BUILT IN THE 12TH CENTURY AND IS NOW ONE OF THE MOST ENDURING ARCHITECTURAL
ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE WORLD.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
22
QUESTION: 27
THIS TEMPLE REPRESENTS THE
LAST PHASE OF DVARAVATI
STYLE. FROM A HIGH SQUARE
PLATFORM, RISES A SLENDER
BRICK PYRAMID OF FIVE
DIMINISHING STOREYS. ON EACH
OF THE FACE OF EACH STOREY
ARE THREE TERRACOTTA BUDDHA
IMAGES

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
WAT KUKUT TEMPLE
THE WAT KU KUT IS A TEMPLE IN LAMPHUN, ALSO KNOWN AS WAT CHAMA THEWI, WAT
CHAMA DEVI, OR WAT CAMADEWI. IT IS, AFTER WAT HARIPHUNCHAI, THE MOST
REVERED AND FAMOUS TEMPLE OF LAMPHUN.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
INDIAN ARCHITECTURE
23
QUESTION: 28
THIS STRUCTURE DATABLE
MAINLY TO THE SATAVAHANA
PERIOD (1ST CENTURY AD). THE
CORE OF THIS TEMPLE IS THE
ONE OF THE BRICK STUPAS BUILT
BY ASHOKA IN
THE 3RD CENTURY BC

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
THE GREAT STUPA
(STUPA 1), SANCHI
GREAT STUPA, THE MOST NOTEWORTHY OF THE STRUCTURES AT THE HISTORIC SITE OF
SANCHI IN MADHYA PRADESH STATE, INDIA. IT IS ONE OF THE OLDEST BUDDHIST
MONUMENTS IN THE COUNTRY AND THE LARGEST STUPA AT THE SITE.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE
24
QUESTION: 24
WHAT DO YOU CALL IN THIS
STRUCTURE IN JAPAN THAT IS
LOCATED AT THE ENTRANCE OF A
SHRINE

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
TORII GATE
A TRADITIONAL JAPANESE GATE MOST COMMONLY FOUND AT THE ENTRANCE OF OR
WITHIN A SHINTO SHRINE, WHERE IT SYMBOLICALLY MARKS THE TRANSITION FROM THE
MUNDANE TO THE SACRED
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE
25
QUESTION: 25
WHAT DO YOU CALL IN THE
STYLE AND METHOD OF TEMPLE
BUILDING UP TO THE END OF THE
HEIAN PERIOD IN JAPAN

SOURCE: TIP CANVAS

 ANSWER:
WAYO STYLE
REFERS TO A TEMPLE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE WHICH HAD BEEN USED IN TEMPLE
ARCHITECTURE IN JAPAN AS CONTRASTED WITH THE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
(DAIBUTSU-YO (BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE STYLE), ZENSHU-YO (ZEN-SECT-STYLE
ARCHITECTURE)) THAT WAS INTRODUCED FROM CHINA IN THE KAMAKURA PERIOD. THE
NAME "WAYO" SOMETIMES REFERS TO WAYO ARCHITECTURE.
SOURCE
ARCHDAILY.COM
GHISLENI, C. (2020, NOVEMBER 25). WHAT IS VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE? ARCHDAILY. RETRIEVED MAY 3, 2022, FROM
HTTPS://WWW.ARCHDAILY.COM/951667/WHAT-IS-VERNACULAR-ARCHITECTURE
LEGASPI, T., & CRUZ, G. (2021, OCTOBER 31). A BRIEF HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE. TRIPTHEISLANDS.COM. RETRIEVED
MAY 3, 2022, FROM HTTPS://TRIPTHEISLANDS.COM/TRAVEL-TIPS/A-BRIEF-HISTORY-OF-PHILIPPINE-ARCHITECTURE