GASEOUS

FUELS

PRESENTED BY:

CRUZ, AARON BRANDON

ESPINOL, ALTHEA NICA
LITAN, RAMS OLIVER
NIOSCO, MARK ANGELO
PALCE, OSWALDO
RELUCIO, APOLINARIO
S PEC IFI C L EA R N I N G
O U TC O M E

1. Discuss the background of

About
gaseous fuels, how it is
originated.​

2. Identify the different type of

gaseous fuels and application.

3. Define property and testing

for gaseous fuels calorific test,
fuel gas analysis, cloud test
and pour point test

8/ 03/ 20 XX PIT CH DECK 2

 TOPICS TO DISCUSS
I. BACKGROUND OF GASEOUS FUELS

II. GASEOUS FUELS AND ITS TYPE

I I I . A P P L I C AT I O N O F G A S E O U S F U E L S

I V. A D VA N TA G E S A N D D I S A D VA N TA G E S

V. T Y P E S O F T E S T I N G I N R E G A R D T O G A S E O U S
FUELS
a. Calorific test
b. Fuel gas analysis
c. Water sediment test
d. Cloud and pour
VI. FUEL AND COMBUSTION PRINCIPLES AND FORMULAS
( C O M P U TAT I O N )

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 CLOSE THE GAP
Solu
Our product makes
restaurant management
easier, and no other
product on the market
offers the same
benefits​

8/ 03/ 20 XX
Restaurant managers
SOLUTION

TA R G E T A U D I E N C E

M E LAB
C O S T S AV I N G S
Reduce costs for client by
helping restaurants gauge
their inventory and
reservations ​
EASY TO USE
A simple product that
gives restaurants the
information they need in
order to make informed
staffing decisions ​

4
 GASEOUS FUEL
FUELS THAT EXIST IN GASEOUS STATE
SUCH AS NATURAL GAS, ARTIFICIAL
GAS, BLAST FURNACE GAS ,
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS ( LPG),
METHANE , ACETHYLENE , PROPANE,
…

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 HISTORY OF GASEOUS FUEL
BETWEEN 6000
AND 2000 BCE
First discoveries of natural gas
seeps were made in Iran. Many
early writers described the
natural petroleum seeps in the
Middle East​
8/ 03/ 20 XX
90 0 BC E
Use of natural gas was mentioned in
China. The Chinese drilled their wells
with bamboo poles and primitive
percussion bits for the express
purpose of searching for gas in
limestones​
M E LAB 1
16 59
Natural gas was discovered in
England. gas obtained from
carbonized coal (known as town gas)
became the primary fuel for
illuminating streets and houses
throughout much of Europe from 1790
on.
6 ​
 HISTORY OF GASEOUS FUEL

19TH
182 1 189 0 C E N T U RY
An important breakthrough in gas-
In North America the first the use of natural gas remained
transportation technology occurred
commercial application of a localized, Natural gas remained on the
with the invention of leakproof
petroleum product was the sidelines of industrial development,
pipeline coupling.
utilization of natural gas from which was based primarily on coal
a shallow well and oil

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 HISTORY OF GASEOUS FUEL

192 0 1 927 -19 31 W O R L D WA R I I

more than 10 major transmission
Long-distance gas transmission a large number of even longer
systems were constructed in the
became practical during the pipelines of increasing diameter were
United States. Each of these systems
late 1920s because of further constructed.
was equipped with pipes having
advances in pipeline
diameters of approximately 50 cm (20
technology.
inches) and extended more than 320
km (200 miles)

8/ 03/ 20 XX M E LAB 1 8
 HISTORY OF GASEOUS FUEL

EAR LY 19 70 19 80 RECENT TIME

As a result, gas from the Urengoy
the longest gas pipelines have Profusely widespread throughout the
field, the world’s largest, is now
had their origin in Russia. world
transported to eastern Europe and then
on to western Europe for consumption

8/ 03/ 20 XX M E LAB 1 9
 CLOSE THE GAP
Solu
Our product makes
restaurant management
easier, and no other
product on the market
offers the same
benefits​

8/ 03/ 20 XX
Restaurant managers
SOLUTION

TA R G E T A U D I E N C E

M E LAB
C O S T S AV I N G S
Reduce costs for client by
helping restaurants gauge
their inventory and
reservations ​
EASY TO USE
A simple product that
gives restaurants the
information they need in
order to make informed
staffing decisions ​

10
 GASEOUS FUEL
AND ITS TYPE
D I V I D E D B Y T H E S E C L A S S E S : N AT U R A L G A S , C O A L
G A S , C O K E O V E N G A S , P R O D U C E R G A S , WAT E R
GAS AND BLAST FURNACE GAS

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NATURAL GAS

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NATURAL GAS

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NATURAL GAS

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COAL GAS

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COKE OVEN GAS

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PRODUCER GAS

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WATER GAS

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BLAST FURNACE GAS

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 APPLICATION
OF GASEOUS
FUELS

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NATURAL GAS
METHANE , ETHANE , PROPANE , BUTANE
Methane - a colorless, odorless flammable gas which is the main
constituent of natural gas. It is the simplest member of the alkane 
series of hydrocarbons. (It is used in automobiles, ovens and water
heater as a fuel.
•It is used in the generation of electricity.
•It is used as rocket fuel in its refined liquid form.
•It is used as an antifreeze ingredient in industries.
•It is a common ingredient in fertilizer.
•is used to sanitize products.
Ethane - a saturated hydrocarbon found in gaseous state. It is the
second simplest alkane followed by methane. It contains 2 carbon atoms
and 6 hydrogen atoms. So the formula for ethane is C2H6.
(using for industrial purposes)

Butane - a flammable hydrocarbon gas that is a constituent of petroleum

and is used in bottled form as a fuel. It is a member of the alkane series.
(Using for camping, Samgyupsal, cooking)

Propane - a heavy flammable gas found in crude petroleum and natural

gas and used especially as fuel and in the chemical industry.
-Its main uses include home and water heating, cooking and refrigerating
food, clothes drying, and powering farm and industrial equipment.
The chemical industry also uses propane as a raw material for making
plastics and other compounds.

All8/ 03/
of that
20 XXlist at natural gases are colorless, odorless and flammable
M E gases.
LAB 1 21
PRODUCER GAS
is used as a fuel in various industries like iron
manufacturing industries has been used for iron
production.

is used to remove the carbon dioxide Gas from the fuel cells.

is used to produce hot air in the industries. (Purpose)

There is no loss due to smoke and convection current.

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WATER GAS
a fuel gas consisting mainly of carbon monoxide and
hydrogen, made by passing steam over incandescent coke.

Can be prepared by passing alternatively steam and

air through a bed of red hot coke or coal maintained
at about 900 to 1000 C.

Hydrocarbonate (gas) is an archaic term for water gas

composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen generated
by passing steam through glowing coke.

Sample of Gas Water (Chlorine is the gas used to

disinfect and purify water. It is passed through water
to kill bacteria.)
 

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COAL GAS
is produced during the processing of coal. When coal is heated in the absence of
air, coal gas forms. It is also used as heat and light

Four Key Forms:

Coal Seam Methane (CSM), or Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Coal Mine Methane (CMM), or Working
Mine Methane (WMM) Abandoned Mine Methane (AMM)

Coal Seam Methane - typically 300-600 metres underground.

Coal Bed Methane -  is produced as organic material and turned into coal.
It is then stored on the many surfaces of the coal. The methane is usually held in place by
water pressure.

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COAL GAS
Working Mine Methane - Coal mine methane (CMM) is a
type of gas present in active, working mine sites. This gas is
extracted from the air in the coal mine helping improve
safety and preventing uncontrolled release of methane to
atmosphere.

Abandoned Mine Methane - When coal mines are no longer

operated to produce coal, they are known as closed (or
"abandoned") mines. Even though active mining no longer
occurs, these abandoned mines can still produce
significant methane emissions from diffuse vents, fissures, or
boreholes.

-almost all gas for fuel and lighting was manufactured from
coal. (Purpose)

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 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES

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8/ 03/ 20 XX
Ben PRODUCT BENEFITS

Simple and efficient to use​

Quick customer service assistance​

Free 90-day customer service phone number​

PIT CH DECK 27
8/ 03/ 20 XX
Ben PRODUCT BENEFITS

Simple and efficient to use​

Quick customer service assistance​

Free 90-day customer service phone number​

PIT CH DECK 28
 FUEL AND
COMBUSTION
PRINCIPLES AND
FORMULAS

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 ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITION
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS
AN ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF FUEL WHICH
GIVES, ON MASS BASIS, THE RELATIVE AMOF
MOISTURE CONTENT , VOLATILE MATTER, FIXED
CARBON AND ASH

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
AN ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF FUEL WHICH
GIVES, ON MASS BASIS, THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF
CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR,
ASH AND MOISTURE

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 THEORETICAL WEIGHT OF AIR
THE EXACT THEORETICAL AMOUNT AS DETERMINED
FROM THE COMBUSTION REACTION OF AIR NEEDED
TO BURN A UNIT AMOUNT OF FUEL
IF THE ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL IS AVAILABLE,
THE THEORETICAL WEIGHT OF AIR REQUIRED TO
COMPLETELY OXIDIZE CAN BE CALCULATED AS:

= = 11.5 C + 34.5 ) + 4.3 S

= ideal proportion of air to completely burn

the fuel
= proportions by weight of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and sulfur per kg of fuel from the ultimate analysis
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 IF THE ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL IS NOT
AVAILABLE, AN APPROXIMATE FORMULA TO OBTAIN
THE THEORETICAL AIR FUEL RATIO WHEN THE
HEATING VALUE OF THE FUEL IS KNOWN :

= =

= =

= =

= ideal proportion of air to completely burn

the fuel
= higher heating value
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 ACTUAL WEIGHT OF AIR
WEIGHT OF AIR SUPPLIED FOR COMBUSTION IS
NECESSARILY IN EXCESS OF WHAT IS THEORETICALLY
REQUIRED. THE VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE DRY
FLUE GAS CAN BE USED TO CALCULATE THE ACTUAL
WEIGHT OF AIR

= = ()

= =(1+)
= actual weight of the air including the excess
= weight of carbon per kg of fuel from the ultimate analysis
,

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 ANALYSIS OF FLUE GAS
GASEOUS PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION ARE ANALYSIS
USING GAS ANALYZER KNOWN AS THE ORSAT
APPARATUS.
THE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS CONTAINS,

THE RESULT OF THE ANALYSIS OF DRYFLUE GAS BY

VOLUME CAN BE EXPRESSED BY THE EQUATION:

𝐶 𝑂 2+CO +𝑂 2+ 𝑁 2=100 %

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 THE WEIGHT OF GASEOUS PRODUCTS LIBERATED
DURING THE COMBUSITON OF FUEL WITH AIR
= +

THE WEIGHT OF DRY FLUE GAS FORMED PER KG OF

FUEL BURNED
= +1-)
=

2 𝑥 %  𝑆
9 𝑥 %  𝐻
𝑆 𝑂 2 = 𝐻2 0=
100 100

%  𝑎𝑠h
𝑎 𝑠h 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 =
100

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 PERCENT EXCESS AIR

% 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = ¿ ¿ ¿

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 COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBON
FUELS
HYDROCARBON FUELS CONSIST MAINLY OF
COMBUSTIBLE ELEMENTS OF CARBON AND
HYDROGEN.
THE CHEMICAL FORMULA OF HYDROCARBONS
IS WHERE THE VALUE IF THE SUBSCRIPTS DEPENDS O
THE HYDROCARBON FAMILY

+
𝑓 𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠

es
8/ 03/ 20 XX ME LAB I 37
 COMPOSITION OF AIR

𝑏 𝑦 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑏 𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔 h𝑡
𝑂 2 =23
𝑂%2 =21 %

𝑁%
𝑁 2 =77 2 =79 %

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 MOLAL RATIO
THE RATIO BY VOLUME OF NITROGEN TO OXYGEN IN
AIR WHEN BOTH GASES ARE AT THE SAME
TEMPERATURE

= 3.76

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 SAMPLE
PROBLEM

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 1 . LI QU ID O C TA N E ( C 8 H 1 8 ) F U E L IS B U R N E D W IT H
ID EA L P RO PO RTI O N O F A I R , C A LC ULATE TH E I DEA L
A I R F U E L R AT IO.
2 . A TY PI CA L IN D US TR I A L F UE L O IL , C 1 6 H 3 2 I S
B UR N E D W I TH 2 0 PE RC E N T E XC ES S A I R . C A LC U LATE
T H E AC TUA L A I R -F UE L R ATI O BY W E IGH T

3 . A F UR NACE B U R N S N ATUR A L GA S W IT H A
VO LU M E T R IC A N A LYS IS A S FO LLOWS M E TH A N E = 8 5
% , E TH A N E = 1 2 % , PRO PA N E = 3 % . T H E GA S F LOW
R ATE IS 0 . 5 A N D 2 5 % E XC ES S A I R IS R EQU I R E D FO R
CO M PLE T E CO M B U STI O N . CO M B U STI O N A I R IS
S U PPLI E D TO TH E F UR N AC E AT 2 5 C A ND 1 ATM
PR ES S UR E . F IN D T HE M O LA L A IR -F UE L R ATI O A N D
TH E VO LUM E F LOW R ATE O F T H E F LU E GA S IN .

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 At Contoso, we believe in giving 110%. By improving the tools of 
restaurant management, we help businesses streamline their point-of-sale
SUMMARY experience. We thrive because of our market knowledge and a great team
behind our product. As our CEO says, "Efficiencies will come from
proactively transforming how we do business." ​

8/ 03/ 20 XX PIT CH DECK 44

 THANK YOU

Mirjam Nilsson​​

206-555-0146​

mirjam@contoso.com​

www.contoso.com​

8/ 03/ 20 XX PIT CH DE CK 45