TEST OF INTELLIGENCE, APTITUDE

&
PERSONALITY

Presented to- Presented by-

K Akila
Mrs. Nidhi Sagar Roll No. 11
Professor & HOD M.Sc. (N) 1st
OBG & GYN Year
What is a psychological test?

 A psychological test is a structured technique to generate

carefully selected sample of behaviour.

 It is used to derive inference about someone's behaviour

on basis of results of the tests.

 We can judge the level of attributes like intelligence,

self-esteem , aptitude in an individual.
Psychological tests are as:
 Cognitive functioning: Intelligence, Aptitude, & Achievement

 Personality : Objective, Projective Neuropsychological

 INTELLIGENCE

Stern: “Intelligence is Thorndike: “It is the

the ability to adjust ability to make
oneself to a new profitable use of past
situation.” experience.”

Terman: “It is the

ability to think in terms
od abstract ideas.”
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
INTELLIGENCE
Innate natural power

Helpful in learning and adjustment

Heredity

The ability to solve problems.

The capacity to adapt and learn from experience

CONTD…

Includes characteristics such as creativity and

interpersonal skills

The ability to judge, comprehend, and reason

The ability to understand and deal with people, objects,

and symbols
CONTD…

Mental abilities that enable one to adapt, shape, select

one’s environment

The ability to act purposefully, think rationally and deal

effectively with the environment
 INTELLIGENCE TESTS

 Measure an individual’s ability in relatively global areas such

as verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, or
reasoning and thereby help determine potential for scholastic
work or certain occupations.
 A questionnaire or series of exercises designed to measure
intelligence.
 CONTD…

 The term intelligence test refers to a test that yields an

overall summary score based on results from a
heterogeneous sample of items.
 Measure general mental abilities. They are intended to
measure intellectual potential.
Alfred Binet is the father of the
intelligence test
 CLASSIFICATION OF
INTELLIGENCE TESTS

On the basis of administration of tests:

 Individual tests
 Group tests

On the basis of form:

 Verbal tests
 Non-verbal and performance tests
 Intelligence
tests

Individual
Group tests
tests

Non-verbal Non-verbal
tests tests
Verbal tests Verbal tests
(Performanc (Performanc
e tests) e tests)
 TESTS OF INTELLIGENCE

“ French Psychologist, ‘ ALFRED BINET’ the father of intelligence

test construction movement.

•Based On Number Of Individuals To Be Tested

1.Individual tests –One individual are tested at a time.
2. Group tests – Group of individuals are tested at a time.
 CONTD…

•Based On The Form Of Test:-

1. Verbal tests– Uses language or paper and pencil
2. Non – Verbal tests – For example performance tests.
 INDIVIDUAL
INTELLIGENCE TEST

This test can be administrated to only one individual at a

time.
TYPES OF INDIVIDUAL INTELLIGENCE TEST:-
 Verbal method.
 Non Verbal method.
 Performance test.
 1. VERBAL METHOD

 In this method language ability is essential.

 The individual can answer through to verbal way such as
reasoning memory and numerical abilities.
 Verbal test can not be administrated to dumb, your condition or
those who doesn’t understand your languages
 2. NON-VERBAL METHOD

 Non verbal method is deals with diagram and picture.

 This test free from language barriers and do not require reading
skill.
 Non verbal test can administrate illiterate and natives.
3. PERFORMANCE METHOD

 It is one of the non verbal test but is assess the subject

(person) has to do something to rather than to some.
 E.g. solve your problem, assemble e.g. a pattern of blocks,
assemble animal picture.
 GROUP
INTELLIGENCE TEST

 In this method test can be administrate to a group of individual

at a time.
 Individual intelligence test was born in France but Group
intelligence test in America.
 Group intelligence test started during first war for selecting
soldiers in larger number.
CONTD…

Verbal test
Types of Group
Intelligence Test
Non Verbal
test
 INTELLIGENCE TESTS
(BASED ON SCIENTISTS)

1. Wechsler test
A. Wechsler adult intelligence test scale(WISE)
B. Wechsler intelligence test scale for children(WISC)
2. The Stanford Binet intelligence scale
3.Ravens progressive matrix
4. Vineland social maturity scale.
 1. WECHSLER TEST

 This test described by American Psychologist Wechsler. From

this we can assist the individual intelligence scale for all age
group
A) WISE – Used for people between ages of 16-75.
B) WISC – Used for children at age group between 5-16 years.
 a) WECHSLER ADULT
INTELLIGENCE SCALE

 The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is a test

designed to measure intelligence in adults and older
adolescents.
 It is currently in its fourth edition (WAIS-IV). The original
WAIS (Form I) was published in February 1955 by David
Wechsler, as a revision of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence
 VERSIONS OF THE WAIS

There have been four different versions of the WAIS:

 WAIS (1955)
 WAIS-R (1981)
 WAIS-III (1997)
 WAIS-IV (2008)
 The current version of the WAIS was released in 2008 and
includes ten core subtests as well as five supplemental
subtests.
 WAIS-R
The Verbal Subtests The Performance
Subtests
1. Information 1. Picture Arrangement
2. Comprehension 2. Picture Completion
3. Arithmetic 3. Block Design
4. Digit span 4. Digit Symbol
5. Similarities 5. Object Assembly
6. Vocabulary
The Verbal Subtests

On the WAIC-R, the verbal IQ is calculated on the basis of

six subtests:
1. Information:- Twenty-nine items that test the subject’s
general storehouse of information about the world.
2. Comprehension:- Fourteen questions that evaluate the
individual’s level of practical information and general
ability to utilize past experience.
3. Arithmetic:- Fourteen questions that test the individual’s
powers of arithmetical reasoning. The skills needed for this
subtest don’t go beyond those taught in grade school.
CONTD…

4. Digit Span:- A test of short term memory in which the

examiner reads a series of digits and asks the subject to
repeat them.
5. Similarities:- thirteen items in which the subject attempts
to discover in what way two things alike. This test appears
to measure an individual’s ability to think in abstract terms.
6. Vocabulary:- Forty words that attempt to predict the size
of a person’s vocabulary.
 The Performance Subtests

The performance IQ is computed on the basis of five Subtests:

1. Picture Arrangement:- Seven pictures that, when arranged
properly, tell a logical story. This is an attempt to measure an
individuals ability to size up and understand a total situation.
2. Picture Completion:- The subject is shown a set of
incomplete picture and is asked to name the missing part.
This is a test of visual recognition.
3. Block Design:- the subject is given a number of small
wooden blocks that must be put together to form a number
of patterns. This is a test of perceptual analysis and visual
motor coordination.
4. Digit Symbol:- The subject must associate certain
symbols with certain digits and then be able to write the
appropriate symbol in square containing the associated
digit. This is a test of speed of movement and memory.
CONTD…

5. Object Assembly:- The subject must arrange various

puzzle parts to form a certain object. This is a test of
manual dexterity and powers of recognition. In
addition to being important instruments for measuring
intelligence, the Wechsler tests have useful diagnostic
capabilities that enable a skilled examiner to evaluate
personality characteristics as defence mechanisms, the
ability to cope with stress, and the general mode of
handling life’s situation.
WAIS-IV

 The current version of the test, the WAIS-IV which was released
in 2008, is composed of 10 core subsets and 5 supplemental
subsets, with 10 core subsets comprising full scale IQ.
 With the new WAIS-IV, the verbal/ performance subscales from
previous versions were removed and replaced by the index
scores.
 The General Ability Index (GAI) was included, which consists
of similarities, Vocabulary and information subsets from Verbal
Comprehension Index and the Block Design, Matrix Reasoning
and Visual Puzzles etc.
 This scale is used to measure Cognitive abilities
 2. STANFORD BINET TEST

HISTORY:-
 Stanford Binet Test (1965) intelligent: this is a new version of
Binet Simon test. In 1905 two French Psychologist Binet and
Simon discover this intelligence test.
 After that it was modified American Psychologist Terman with
Binet at Stanford University for current use of intelligence
assessment. In 1986 it is known as Stanford Binet intelligence
test form.
CONTD…

 This test can useful for measurement of general intelligence

test.
 It can useful for 2 year to superior adults up to 45 years.
 It is very effective only to 16 years. For adults this test
result is not accurate or satisfactory.
 CONTD…

 Nearly 35% belongs to low IQ and only 5% belongs to high.

Some of the examples of Binet test/Standford Binet Test.
 For 2 years old:-Various names of body parts on the tap
picture.
 For 3 year old –Copy of drawing circle.
CONTD…

 For 4 year old – Explain correctly why we have houses or

books.
 For 5 year old-Define words like or stove, copy a drawing
different type of square.
 For 9 year old – Can rhymes.
3. RAVENS PROGRESSIVE MATRIX

 This test is given by J.C. Raven’s British psychologist.

 It based on ability to identify spatial relationship with object.
 It is used for 6-65 years.
 CONTD…

 It can assist through the matrix for children colour box adult
black and white colour.
 From the matrix find out missing piece or ordinary pattern to
find out 6-8 often on the same page.
 There is no time limitation but normally consider for 20
minute.
 4. VINELAND SOCIAL
MATURITY SCALE
 This scale is devised by Doll and his associates at Veneland
School in America.
 It naturally assesses ones maturity status in a particular
situation.
 This test differs from other test because it is not directly
assessing the object but through the care giver like parents,
neighbours, nurse etc.
 This score recorded in from of SA (Social age).
 USES

1.To assess the

2.To assess the
individual social 3. It is applicable
social maturity
behaviour skills in medical field.
behaviour
and relationship.
 MEASURING GENERAL
LEARNING ABILITY

 “Ability to catch or understand instruction and underlying

principle, the ability to reason and make judgement closely
doing well in school.”
 Test 1:- Lesson Full Range
Intelligence Test

PURPOSES:-
 Screen intelligence strength and weakness with
 the brief instruments.
 Time 20 – 35 minutes
 Subject – Rapid cognitive index (181 – 252 questions).
TYPES OF SCORE- raw score, standard score
and percentile rank.
 Test 2:-STANDFORD BINET 5 TH

EDUCATION ( 2003)
 General mental ability
 45-60 minutes
 Comprehensive measurement
 Helps identity :- learning disabilities, gifted, MR, ADHD,
speech and language and Alzheimer, dementia. Traumatic
brain injury, autistic.
APTITUDE TEST
 APTITUDE

 The word aptitude has been derived from Latin word ‘Aptus’
which means ‘Fitted for’.
 An aptitude is a unique combination of abilities and personal
characteristics which predisposes a person to do one kind of
work better than another and increases his chance of success
at it.
 CONTD…

 Aptitude looks to the future and on the basis of the habits, skills
and abilities that an individual now has, predicts what he with
training may become .
CONTD…

Interest

Aptitude

Ability
 DEFINITION

“ Aptitudes includes intelligence, interests, personality and the

influence of environment through learning and training”.
- Blam and Balinsky
“Aptitudes are special skills, knowledge, and interests. Aptitude
test attempt to measure the potential of these special abilities”.
- Skinner’s
 Specificity.

Unitary
Constancy. Characteristics composition.

Facilitation of
learning
activity or type
of activity.
 APTITUDE TESTS

 Measure the capability for a relatively specific task or type of

skill; aptitude tests are, in effect, a narrow form of ability
testing.
 Aptitude tests are often used to predict success in an
occupation, training course, or educational endeavor, such as
SAT.
 CONTD…

 Assess talent for specific kinds of learning. (clerical speed,

mechanical reasoning, etc.)
 Hull, “An aptitude test is a test designed to discover what
potentiality a given person has for learning some particular
vocation or acquiring some particular skill”.
CONTD…

 Prem Pasricha, “Aptitude test are expected to measure the

potential for specific abilities and skills such as music,
graphical arts, medicine, law, engineering, teaching etc.”
 Specific
aptitude
test
Classification
Differential
aptitude
test
SPECIFIC AREAS OF APTITUDE
TESTS
Art aptitude
test

Scholarly Clerical
aptitude test aptitude test

Musical Manual
aptitude test aptitude test

Medical Mechanical
aptitude test aptitude test
 SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE
TEST

 These tests are helpful in giving educational and vocational

guidance to students.
 Froehick and Benson said that we can use the results of
scholastic aptitude tests in counselling students regarding
vocational opportunities.
 HOW TO MEASURE
SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE

 School marks and scholastic aptitude.

 Occupation of parents and scholastic aptitude.
 Teacher’s observation and scholastic aptitude
 Rapidity and accuracy in reading.
 Ability in attaching new problems.
 Large vocabulary.
 Eagerness to answer questions.
 Rapidity in comprehending material of study.
Uses / Applications Of Test

Selections of Selection of Classification

Courses pupils to school of pupils

Promotion of Award of Deduction of

pupils scholarships various type of
pupils

Assessment of Evaluation of
teacher’s work methods
 Uses in
Educational For Army and
Vocational
guidance Civil services
guidance

Uses in study of
Uses in Uses in
National and
Industry Research
Racial differences

Diagnosis of Prediction of
problems and Future
remedy Success
 MECHANICAL APTITUDE
TEST
 It is a combination of sensory , motor capacities, perception of
spatial relations , the capacity to acquire information about
mechanical matters and the capacity to comprehend mechanical
relation
COMMON MECHANICAL APTITUDE TEST ARE
 Minnesota Mechanical Assembly Test
 Minnesota Spatial Relation Test
 Bennet Test Of Mechanical Comprehension Test
 CONTD…

ITEMS COMMON IN MECHANICAL APTITUDE TESTS

ARE
 To put together the parts of mechanical device
 To replace cut out parts in their correct holes
 Basic information about tools and their use
 Comprehension of mechanical and physical principles
CLERICAL APTITUDE TEST

 PERCEPTUAL ABILITY : ability to perceive words and numbers with speed and
accuracy
 INTELLECTUAL ABILITY : ability to grasp the meaning of words and symbols
 MOTOR ABILITY : ability to use various types of machines and tools like type
writer and punching machine
 Common tests
 Minnesota vocational test for clerical workers
 Detroit clerical aptitude examination
 MUSICAL APTITUDE TEST

Sea shore measure of musical talents

 It includes
1. Discrimination of pitch
2. Discrimination of time interval
 CONTD…

3. Judgment of rhythm
4. Discrimination of intensity of loudness
5. Tonal memory
Items are presented through the records, subject sits, listens and
attempt to answer the response
APTITUDE FOR GRAPHIC ART

Two important test are

 MEIER ART JUDGEMENT TEST: It consist of 100 pairs of
pictures in black and white . One of each pair is masterpiece
and the other have slight distortion from the master piece.
Subject has to answer which part is altered and to choose the
master piece
 CONTD…

 HORNE ART APTITUDE INVENTORY :Subject has to

produce the sketches from given pattern of lines and figures
PERSONALITY TEST
 INTRODUCTION

 “We are what our thoughts have made us; so take care
about what you think. Words are secondary. Thoughts
live; they travel far.”
- Swami Vivekananda
 PERSONALITY

“Personality is the unique pattern of trait .A trait is any relatively

enduring characteristics in behaviour and thought, which
differentiate one individual from another.”
- Guilford
CONTD…

 A personality test aims to describe aspects of a person's

character that remain stable throughout that person's lifetime,
the individual's character pattern of behavior, thoughts, and
feelings. 
 MEASUREMENT OF
PERSONALITY

Projected Personality
Observation
techniques inventories
 OBSERVATION

 Observational skills play an important part in most assessment

procedures.
 Sometimes the things that we observe confirm the person's
self-report and at other times the person's overt behavior
appears to be at odds with what he or she says.
CONTD…

 Observational procedures may be either in formal or formal. 

 Informal observations are primarily qualitative.
 The clinician observes the environment in person's behavior
and which it occurs without attempting to record the frequency
or intensity of specific responses.
 PROJECTED TECHNIQUES

 Projective test is a personality test designed to let a person

respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden
emotions and internal conflicts.
 Thematic Apperception Test(TAT)
 Sentence completion test
 Rorschach test
 Word association test
 Mayer’s brigys personality test
1. THEMATIC APPERCEPTION
TEST

 TAT was developed by Henry Murray, a psychologist at

Harvard (1938).
 Its adherents claim that it taps a subject's unconscious to reveal
repressed aspects of personality, motives and needs for
achievement, power and intimacy and problem-solving abilities.
 There are 31 cards in the standard form of the TAT
PROCEDURE
 The TAT is popularly known as the picture interpretation
technique because it uses a standard series of provocative yet
ambiguous pictures about which the subject must a story.
 The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including:
 CONTD…

 What has led up to the event shown?

 What is happening at the moment?
 What the characters are feeling and thinking?
 What the outcome of the story was?
 2. RORSCHACH TEST

 The test takes its name from that of its creator, Swiss
psychologist Hermann Rorschach (in 1922).
 The Rorschach test (also known as Inkblot test) is a
psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are
recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation,
complex scientifically derived algorithms or both.
 CONTD…

 It has been employed to detect an underlying thought disorder

especially in cases where patients are reluctant to describe their
thinking processes openly.
Goals of Rorschach test
 The general goal of the test is to provide data about cognition
and personality variables such as motivations, response
tendencies, cognitive operations, affectivity and
personal/interpersonal perceptions.
 CONTD…

 There are ten official inkblots, each printed on a separate

white card, approximately 18x24 cm in size. Each of the blots
has near perfect bilateral symmetry.
 Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red ink and
three are multicoloured, on a white background.
 Fam
rela ily
tion
ship

Mo
tiv atio
n

Inn
er fan
tasy
AREAS OF TAT:

Lev
asp el of
irat
io n

S oc
rela ial
tion
ship

Fee
sex ling o
urg f
e
 3. WORD ASSOCIATION
TEST:

 When the subject gives a quick response word. He is taking

unaware of and his unconsciousness Process directs his
association. Here the subject has to answer as quickly as possible
with the first word which comes to his mind when he is given
stimulus word.
 4. SENTENCE COMPLETION
TEST

 A number of incomplete sentence are given and the

subject is required to complete them.
 Eg: Often I feel I am…………
 The subject is required to complete the sentence as he or she
feels to response.
 PERSONALITY INVENTORIES

 A personality inventory is an assessment tool used to determine

which of these personality types a person falls into.
 It is used as part of a self assessment done for career planning
purposes.
 BELL ADJUSTMENT
INVENTORY

 The well known and widely used personality inventory is the Bell’s
adjustment Inventory which measures four areas of adjustment home,
health, social, emotional, separately as well as composite scores.
 Total numbers of items are 80.
Do you have many headaches?
 CONTD…

 Is your mother the dominant member of the family?

 Have you ever felt that someone was hypnotizing you and
making you act against your will?
 Do you embarrassed when you have to enter a public assembly
after everyone else has been seated?
 Do you feel there has been a lack of real affection and love in
your home?
 Do you day dream frequently?
 MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC
PERSONALITY INVENTORY(MMPI)

 The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2;

MMPI-A) is a written psychological assessment, or test, used to
diagnose mental disorders.
 It was developed by J.C.McKinley & S.R. Hathway.
 CONTD...

 It consists of 556 statements.

 The subject has to classify the statements into 3 categories--
YES, NO, CANNOT SAY. It is one of the most frequently
used personality tests in mental health.
 The ten personality scales are normally scored on MMPI
 SUMMARIZATION

 Psychological test
 Intelligence test
 Definition of intelligence
 Characteristics
 Classification of intelligence tests
CONTD…

 Aptitude test
 Definition of aptitude
 Characteristics
 Classification of aptitude tests
 Personality test
 Definition of personality
 Measurement of personality
 Fill in the blanks.
1. Alfred Binet the father of the intelligence test
2. TAT stands for _________
3. Rorschach test is also known as ______
4. MMPI stands for ________
5. The formula of IQ is______
 Fill in the blanks.
1. Alfred Binet is the father of the intelligence test
2. TAT stands for Thematic Apperception Test
3. Rorschach test is also known as Inkblot test
4. MMPI stands for Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory
5. The formula of IQ is MA/CA X 100
 True/ False
1. Intelligence is the ability to adjust oneself to a new situation.

2. WAIS includes eleven core subtests and five supplemental

subtests.

3. WISE is used for people between ages of 5-75.

4. Ravens Progressive Matrix is based on ability to identify

spatial relationship with object.

5. An aptitude is a unique combination of abilities and personal

characteristics.
 True/ False
1. Intelligence is the ability to adjust oneself to a new situation.
True
2. WAIS includes eleven core subtests and five supplemental subtests.
False
3. WISE is used for people between ages of 5-75.
False
4. Ravens Progressive Matrix is based on ability to identify spatial relationship with
object.
True
5. An aptitude is a unique combination of abilities and personal characteristics.
True
 ASSIGNMENT

Write down the implications of personality test on

Erickson’s stages of personality development.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Basavanthappa BT. “ Nursing Education”, Jaypee publications, 2nd Edition, page

65-74
 Sudha R, “Nursing Education principles and concepts”, Jaypee publications, 1 st
Edition, Page 96-100
 Dinesh Kumar Sharma ,communication and education technology ,lotus
publisher,edition first Pp-113,117.
 Bhaskara Raj D. Elakkuvana, “Text book of Nursing Education”, Emess
publications, 1st edition. Page 262-278.
 Pathak, R.P (2012). Measurment and Evaluation In Education. Noida: Dorling
Kindersley.