INTRODUCTION TO

MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
Monitoring and Evaluation

The National Democratic Institute

 INTRODUCTIONS/
GROUND RULES
• Introductions
• Ground Rules
• Ice Breaker Exercise
 INTRODUCTION TO
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the importance of
monitoring and evaluation, key
concepts and frameworks
• To consider how gender can be
incorporated into M&E
 TOPICS
• What is M&E?
• Why engage in M&E?
• Gender and M&E
• Logical framework approach
• Project lifecycle
• Data collection and analysis
• Evaluation design
 KEY TERMS
• Indicator • Goal
• Input • Target
• Output • Baseline
• Intermediate result • Impact
• Outcome • Gender
• Objective
EXERCISE: WHAT IS MONITORING
AND EVALUATION (M&E)?

Image: www.pixabay.com
 MONITORING
• Continuous internal management
activity
• Ensures that project is on track
• Measures progress towards objectives
• Identifies problems
 EVALUATION
• Assessing whether a project is achieving
its intended objectives
• Conducted periodically
• Internal or external
• Focuses on outcomes and impacts
 WHY IS M&E IMPORTANT?
• Tracking resources
• Feedback on progress
• Improving project effectiveness
• Informing decisions
• Promoting accountability
• Demonstrating impact
• Identifying lessons learned
 GENDER AND M&E
• Gendered priorities, constraints and
impact
• Failure to address gender leads to
inefficient and unsustainable results
and exacerbates inequities
 GENDER ANALYSIS
• Can be undertaken at any stage but
most effective if included in design
• Systematic way of analyzing different
roles and impacts
• Asks the “who” questions
• How this will affect women and men?
 MEASURING WOMEN’S
PARTICIPATION AND IMPACT
• Lack of reliable data on basic facts
• Keeps us from getting the most out of
investments
• “What gets measured gets done”
• Not enough invested in collecting data
nor in quantifying how equality yields
benefits

Photo: Getty Images

EXAMPLE: MEASURING IMPACT
Women’s representation/leadership on
Indian local councils:
• Better access to drinking water and
immunizations
• Higher career aspirations and
educational attainment for girls

Photo: Keith Bedford, International Herald Tribune

 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Goal

Strategic
Objectives

Intermediate
Results

Outputs

Activities
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
EXAMPLE

IF
THEN
IF
THEN

IF
THEN

IF
THEN
IF
 EXERCISE: LOGFRAME RACE
Put the logframe components in the right order

Photo: David Mark, www.pixabay.com

 INDICATORS
• Outcome versus process indicators
• Qualitative versus quantitative
• SMART
– Specific
– Measurable
– Achievable
– Relevant
– Time-bound Photo: www.pixabay.com
 BASELINES AND BENCHMARKS
• Baseline
– Situation before project
– Demonstrates change
over time
• Benchmarks
– What you hope to
achieve by the end
• Targets Photo: www.pixabay.com

– Intermediate
benchmarks
 SEX-DISAGGREGATED
INDICATORS
• Sex-disaggregated indicator measures
change for men and women separately
• Gender indicator measures gender-
related changes
GENDER AND THE LOGFRAME

Goal

Evaluation Objective

Intermediate
results

Activities
Monitoring

Inputs
PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
GENDER MAINSTREAMING AND
THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
Knowledge sharing
1. Design

Gender-sensitive Gender analysis/needs

M&E assessment

Gender expertise
4. M&E Adequate 2. Start-up
resources

Gender-specific Gender planning

action/capacity building

3. Implementation
 GENDER MAINSTREAMING
STRATEGIES/TOOLS
• Involve women and men in
consultations
• Include sex-disaggregated data
• Strive for gender balance in
staff/experts
• Enable women and men to participate
and benefit equally
 PROJECT DESIGN QUESTIONS
• Goals and objectives gender-sensitive?
• Input from men and women?
• Baseline incorporates gender analysis?
• Consultations on targets?
• Activities reflect gender sensitivity?
 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
QUESTIONS
• Gender and sex-disaggregated data?
• Comparing data to baseline?
• M&E data used to adjust project?
• Women’s groups monitoring progress?
• Findings disseminated?
• References to gender in reports?
• Women involved in activities?
• Women accessing services?
 PROJECT EVALUATION
QUESTIONS
• Differences in access? Why?
• Differences in impact? Why?
• How can differentials be addressed?
• How do results compare to targets?
• How did beneficiaries respond?
• Are results sustainable?

Photo: Sanja Gjenero, RGBstock.com

 DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS
• Forms and procedures for data
collection
• Data collection plan by indicator
• Trained staff with clear roles and
responsibilities
• Database
• Regular reflection sessions
 SECONDARY DATA SOURCES
• Regional or country MDG reports
• UNDP Human Development reports
• State Department Human Rights reports
• World Bank reports
• World Economic Forum
• Donor and NGO reports
EXERCISE: INTEGRATING GENDER
• Are the indicators gender aware?
• Are they input, output, outcome or impact
indicators?
• Are they quantitative or qualitative?
• How would you make them more gender-
aware?
• Identify 3 additional indicators and how data
would be collected.

Photo: World Bank

 EVALUATION DESIGN
• Identify research questions
• Identify methods for data collection
• Develop and test data collection
instruments and protocols
 EVALUATION CRITERIA

• Relevance
• Effectiveness
• Efficiency
• Impact
• Sustainability
Photo: Sanja Gjenero, RGBstock.com
 INTRO TO M&E REVIEW
• Improve project effectiveness,
demonstrate impact, and identify lessons
learned
• Must address and mainstream gender
• Logframe with sex-disaggregated and/or
gender-specific indicators
• System for data collection and analysis
• Evaluate relevance, effectiveness,
efficiency, impact, and sustainability