GAEILGE

September, 2022
 ['keltik] Languages
Goideli
c
Goidelic (Q-Celtic):
- Irish
- Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)
- Manx † (?)

Brythonic (P-Celtic):
-Welsh
-Breton
-Cornish † (?)

Brythonic
P vs Q: Ir. ceann = W. pen ‘head’
PLEASE, NO ['seltik]!
THE CELTS
1200BC – Hallstatt culture

800BC - Iron Age

 2 INVENTIONS

“bloody stones” - *īsarnom War Chariot - karros

Eng: iron, Ger: Eisen, Swed: jarn English: car, carriage, carry…
WHERE DID THEY ALL GO?
 IRISH AS INDO-EUROPEAN

aon, dó, trí – Eng. one, two, three, Sp. uno, dos, tres

máthair – Eng. mother, Sp. madre

tír – Eng. - , Sp. tierra

tart – Eng. thirst, Sp. –

uisce – Eng. water, Sp. agua

 WHY IS IT SO ALIEN?

VSO word order

Chíonn an cailín an madra.

sees – the girl – the dog.

Is múinteoir mé.
Is – teacher – I.
 CONJUGATING PREPOSITIONS?
le: liom, leat, leis, léi..
ag: agam, agat, aige, aici…

Tá a fhios agam. = I know

Is – its knowledge – at me

Tá grá agam duit. = I love you.

Is – love – at me – to you.

Tá euro agam ort. = You owe me a euro.

Is – euro – at me – on you.
 MUTATING CONSONANTS?

Tuigim – Ní thuigim – An dtuigim?

I understand – I don’t underst. – Do I understand?

a carr – a charr – a gcarr

her car – his car – their car
 THE HELL EXISTS AFTER ALL?
TO SEE, conjugated

I see: chím, I don’t see – ní fheicim

I saw: chonac, I didn’t see – ní bhfeaca

TO DO, conjugated

I do: ghním, I don’t do – ní dhéanaim

I did: rinne mé, I didn’t do – ní dhearna mé
 WHY BOTHER?
- The oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe, golden Age 600-900 AD.
- The third in size after Latin and Greek literatures (RIA alone has ~1500
manuscripts, with about 10k texts)
-Sagas
-Poetry
-Legal texts
-Pagan customs and culture
-Weak influence of the Catholic church
the great ESCAPE