Forms of Business

Data
Presentation of Business Data in Graphs, Texts, and
Tables
 E-spreadsheet in the
Computation of Salary and
Overtime Pay

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The spreadsheet is a software program for data visualization and analysis tools.
Data visualization pertains to the graphical representation of data. Excel is one
of the products in the Microsoft Office software developed by Microsoft
Corporation. Excel is a useful tool in the computation of salaries and wages,
overtime pay, and other data using one of its features, creating formulas. We can
use this software in the computation of salaries and wages

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OBJECTIVES
The learners:
● compare the forms (textual, tabular, and graphical) of business
data. (ABM_BM11PAD-IIg-2)
● analyze and interprets the data presented in the table using
measures of central tendency and variability and tests of significant
difference (ABM_BM11PAD-IIh-5

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Presentation of Business Data in
Graphs, Texts, and Tables
• This lesson will introduce you to business data and present it in
different formats.
• Data are factual information for reference and analysis. The age and
gender of employees, students’ learning modalities, the number of
families in a barangay, are all examples of data.
• All these data are collected for specific purposes. Business data refers
to factual information about a business.

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Presentation of Business Data in
Graphs, Texts, and Tables cont.
• The number of employees in the business, the monthly sales of
merchandise, the company’s financial statement are all examples of
business data.
• An organized business data is used by businesses in decision-making
and strategic planning. By having a clear representation of data,
business owners can project the performance of their business.

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ABM Corporation’s gross profit growth is
evident from 2016 to 2018, a slight decline in
2019, and a remarkable decline in the year
2020 due to the pandemic. While there is a
decline in sales, the cost of sales increased
over the years due to the rising cost of raw
materials and labor.

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 FORMS OF BUSINESS DATA
PRESENTATION
Textual form
Textual form is a narrative of the
business data. It provides detailed
interpretation and explanation of
the data. However, it can be
lengthy and wordy.
ABM Corporation’s gross profit growth is
evident from 2016 to 2018, a slight decline in
2019, and a remarkable decline in the year
2020 due to the pandemic. While there is a
decline in sales, the cost of sales increased
over the years due to the rising cost of raw
materials and labor.
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 FORMS OF BUSINESS DATA
PRESENTATION cont.
Tabular form
The tabular form presents a numerical value of presented data. It is valuable in
summing up information with various units of measure. It becomes difficult in
recognizing trends and information connections.

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 FORMS OF BUSINESS DATA
PRESENTATION
Graphical form
The graphical form helps in
the visualization of presented
data. It is easier to see
relationships across data as
presented in our example

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Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability
• In your Statistics and Probability subject, you are introduced to the
statistical table, central tendency, and variability measures.
• Let us analyze and interpret the data presented in the table below using
central tendency and variability measures. The three main measures
of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode.
• The measure of central tendency is used to interpret a whole set of
data to a single value that represents the center of the distribution.
Specifically, it measures the average to represent a group of figures.

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 Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
1. Mean. It is also known as The number of orders in a milk
arithmetic average. To determine tea shop in a week. Find the
the mean, add all numbers and measures of central tendency.
then divide by the total number Day No. of Orders
of observations. Monday 28
Tuesday 27
Wednesday 42
Thursday 27
Friday 59
Saturday 65
Sunday 74

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Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.

Day No. of Orders

Monday 28
Tuesday 27
Wednesday 42
Thursday 27
The mean or the arithmetic average is 46. Friday 59
Saturday 65
This means that the average order of milk
Sunday 74
tea in a week is 46.

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 Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
2. Median. The median is the Day No. of Orders
middle value in the distribution. To Tuesday 27
determine the median, arrange the Thursday 27
values in ascending or descending Monday 28
orders. The middle value is the Wednesday 42
median. Suppose the number of Friday 59
observations is even, the median Saturday 65
Sunday 74
will be the mean of the two middle
values
The median is 42.

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 Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
3. Mode. The mode is the number No. of Orders f
that appears more often than other 27 2
values. 28 1
42 1
59 1
65 1
74 1
7

The frequency that appears most in the

distribution or the mode is 27.
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Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
• Measures of Variability refer to the spread of a set of data.
The four measures of variability consist of range,
interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation.

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 Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
1. Range. It is the difference between the highest and lowest value in the set.
R=H–L
R = Range, H = Highest value, L = Lowest value

Using the table above, we get the highest and lowest values from our data.
R = 74 – 27
R = 47
The range is 47.

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 Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
2. Interquartile range. It is used when outliers are present in a set of
data. Outliers are values that are significantly higher or lower than the
rest. The interquartile range is the difference between Quartile 3 and
Quartile 1
IQR = Q3 – Q1
Arrange the data in ascending order.

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 Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
2. Interquartile range.
IQR = Q3 – Q1 Arrange the score from
lowest to highest

Quartile 1 (Q1) is the middle value in the first half, 27

Quartile 2 (Q2) is the median value in the set, 42
Quartile 3 (Q3) is the middle value in the second half, 65
IQR = 65 – 27
IQR = 38 22
 Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
3. Variance. It is the average of the squared deviation of every score
from the mean. Below is the formula for sample variance.
Mean

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 Measures of Central Tendency and
Variability cont.
4. Standard deviation. It is the principal square root of the variance and
the most important measure of spread.

From the computation of the variance, get the square root to come up
with the standard deviation.

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Evaluation
To help you in comprehending our lesson, analyze the following
business data.
1. List down at least two (2) differences and similarities of forms
of the business data (textual, tabular, and graphical).
2. Angela, an 11th grade made a survey on the daily allowance of
her classmates. The results are:

a. Find
150 the mean,
100 median
200and mode.
225 120 100 175

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Thank you