GHANA COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

COURSE NAME: MOBILE AND SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

COURSE CODE: ENTE 417

LECTURE ON 5G CELLULAR NETWORKS

Lecturer: Mr. Francis Kwabena Oduro-Gyimah (MPhil, MSc)

 INTRODUCTION TO THE FIFTH GENERATION NETWORK (5G)

• 5G is the next generation of wireless access network technology that will fuel innovation and transform the
way we live, work, and play.

• It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network
that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and
devices

• 5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra low latency, more
reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more
users.

• Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user experiences and connects new industries
5G Evolution
 WHAT UNDERLAYING TECHNOLOGIES MAKE UP THE 5G?
• 5G is based on OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing), a method of
modulating a digital signal across several different channels to reduce interference.

• 5G uses 5G NR air interface alongside OFDM principles.

• 5G also uses wider bandwidth technologies such as sub-6 GHz and mmWave.

• Like 4G LTE, 5G OFDM operates based on the same mobile networking principles.

• However, the new 5G NR air interface can further enhance OFDM to deliver a much
higher degree of flexibility and scalability. This could provide more 5G access to more
people and things for a variety of different use cases
 HOW DOES 5G WORKS ?

5G networks can be built in different ways from multiple bands of wavelength spectrum, i.e. low-band, mid-
band, and high-band.
• High-band millimeter wave frequencies have greater
bandwidth available to carry more data in dense urban
areas but require cell sites to be in close proximity
and have limited penetration in buildings.
• Mid-band balances speed and range, providing
broader coverage than high-band. And it’s less
impacted by buildings.
• Low-band, like our powerful 600MHz spectrum,
travels farther than other bands—over hundreds of
square miles—and can pass through more obstacles,
providing better coverage and a stronger signal both
indoors and out.
 5G Architecture Solutions
Plastic Architecture for 5G

A 2-layer Architecture for 5G

Soft-Air Architecture for 5G

SDN (Software design network) / SDR (Software defined radio) Hybrid

Architecture for 5G
Plastic Architecture for 5G
A 2-layer Architecture for 5G
 5G Architecture Challenges/Issues

• How legacy networks will interface and interoperate with the new
network architecture.

• How to determine the optimal physical realization of the network cloud

to meet performance and cost targets.
 Soft-Air Architecture for 5G

• SoftAir tries to design a high flexible architecture providing maximum

spectrum efficiency exploiting benefits of cloudification and
virtualization processing; also, advance steady convergence for
different network elements by different independent virtual interfaces,
and enhance energy efficiency by scaling the computing capacity of
data plane elements.

• How to determine the optimal physical realization of the network cloud

to meet performance and cost targets.
5G ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
EN – DC Model(EUTRAN new radio geo connectivity)

• Interms of the global rollout of the 5G

access technology, the earliest
deployment will be based on nonstand
alone Acess Network Architecture.
• NSA is based on the EN – DC approach
to dual connectivity.
• EN – DC utilizes the end to end LTE
system with the addition of an en - gNB
• The concepts of MCG and SCG barriers,
including split barriers
 5G CORE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE ?
Key Focus Areas

PDU sessions and QoS flows

Core Network Architecture and Components

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)

Network Slicing
THANK YOU !