ACUTE RESPIRATORY

INFECTION (ARI)

PRESENTER
RICHA MANDAL DHANUK
BPH
INTRODUCTION
 ARI is the inflammation of respiratory tract
anywhere from nose to alveoli,with wide range of
combination of symptoms and signs.
CLASSIFICATION OF ARI
1.Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI)
 Common cold
 Pharyngitis
 Otitis media
2. Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI)
 Epiglotis
 Laryngitis
 Laryngotrachetis
 Bronchitis
 pneumonia
 Classification
of illness

Child aged Child below 2

2months -5 months
years

Very severe
disease

Severe
pneumonia

Pneumonia
(not severe )

No pneumonia
(coough or
cold)
VERY SEVERE PNEUMONIA
SIGNS
 Not able to drink
 Convulsion
 Abnormally sleepy or difficult to wake
 Stridor in calm child severe malnutrition

TREATMENT
 Refer to hospital
 Give first dose of antibiotic
SEVERE PNEUMONIA
SIGNS
 Chest indrawing

TREATMENT
 Refer to hospital
PNEUMONIA
SIGNS
 Fast breathing

(50/min or more if child 2-12 months ; 40/min

or more if child is 12 months-5 years)
TREATMENT
 Advise mother to give home care
 Give anantibiotic
NO PNEUMONIA
SIGNS
 Cough
 Cold

TREATMENT
Treat with home care and health care facility
TRANSMISSION VISUALIZATION
PREVENTION OF ARI
IMMUNIZATION
 HIB VACCINE (haemophilus influenza type-B)
 PPV23 VACCINE
 PCV VACCINE
 Wear masks in crowded and polluted areas
 No smoking near child
GLOBAL BURDEN
 Every year ARI in young children is
responsible for an estimated 3.9 million
deaths worldwide
 About 90% of death ARI death are due to
pneumonia while incidence of pneumonia in
developed countries may be as low as 3-4%
where as in developing countries ranges from
20-30%
 According to WHO estimation about 1.6
million cases of fatal pneumococcal diseases
occur worldwide, mostly in infant and elderly
aged group.
 According to WHO only 34% of children
suspected with pneumonia received
antibiotics during 2012.
 Likewise 3 million cases of severe pneumonia
and meningitis and approximately 386,000
deaths / year in children under 5 years of
age(2012).
REFERENCES
 K.PARK’s text book of preventive and social
medicine 23rd edition
 WHO (2012), weekly Epidemiological
record ,6th April, 2012
THANK
YOU