Police Intelligence

ROXANNE M. PASCUA, MS CRIM.

Importance of Intelligence

 It is vital to enable a nation to formulate its policies, strategic plans and conduct
its diplomacy.
 Intelligence is needed in order to enable a nation to forestall the activities of its
internal and external enemies.
 It is necessary to detect and prosecute the activities of criminals and subversive
elements.
 It is vital in providing ample security for the people and the state.
 Intelligence plays an important role in the life and survival of a country by
providing advance and exact knowledge of the intentions and design of its
enemies.
Intelligence

 According to Government- Commission Task Force

 It means the collection, processing, collation, interpretation, evaluation and
dissemination of information with references to national security.
 It may also mean the network or the system for the collection, collation,
interpretation, evaluation, processing and dissemination of information.
 According to Military Terminologies
 Is the end product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis,
integration and interpretation of all available information which may have
immediate or potential significance to the development and execution of
plans, policies and programs of the users.
Intelligence

 According to Police Parlance

 The end product resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, integration
and interpretation of all available information regarding the activities of
criminal and other law violators for the purpose of affecting criminals and
other law violators for the purpose of affecting arrest, obtaining evidence and
forestalling plan to commit crime.
Historical Setting

 Moses
 One of the first recorded formalized intelligence efforts, with format, can also
be found in the Holy Bible Numbers 13:17
 Moses sent them (12 intelligence agents) to spy out the land of Canaan
 See the lands, what it is; and the people that dwell therein, whether they are
strong or weak, few or many; what the land they dwelt in, whether in tents or
not.
 The scriptures also named the twelve intelligence agents whom the Lord
directed Moses to sent into the land of Canaan and records that all those men
where heads of the children of Israel.
Historical Setting

 Rahab
 The Harlot of Jericho (Joshua 2:1-21) who sheltered and concealed the
agents of Israel, made a covenant with the agents and duped their
pursuers.
 Delilah
 The Philistine used her when she allowed Philistine spies to hide in her
house (Judges 16). Delilah was an impromptu intelligence agent. Apart
from her tonsorial specialty, she also allowed sex to gain intelligence
from a powerful enemy. She achieved the largest effective force of her
employer’s adversaries and contriving the stroke which out that force
out of action.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 Sun-Tzu
 A Chinese philosopher takes a more practical view according to him, what is
called foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits, nor from gods nor
from/analogy with past events nor from calculations.
 “The Art of War”
 “Know thy enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the results of a
hundred battles” “If you know yourself and not the enemy, for every victory,
you are a fool who will meet defeat in every battle.”
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 Alexander the Great
 When Alexander the Great was marching to Asia, were rumors of disaffection
growing among his allies and mercenaries, he sought the truth, and got it by simplest
expedient by devising the first “letter sorting” and opening to obtain information.
 Sertorius
 He was the Roman Commander in Spain who possessed a White Fawn and allowed
it to become widely known- that he derived secrets and guidance from the fawn. His
intelligence agents credited their information to the supernatural powers of animals.
 Akbar
 He was known to be the sagacious master of the Hindustan. He employed more than
4,000 agents for the sole purpose of bringing him the truth that his throne might rest
upon it.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 Genghis Khan
 “The Great Mongol”
 Used intelligence to conquer China and invade Cathay.
 Instructed his Generals to send out spies and used prisoners as sources of
information.
 Leader of the so-called MONGOL CONQUERORS- made use of effective
propaganda machine by spreading rumors of Mongol Terror
 Collected information on weaknesses and rivalries of Europe. The leaders
usually disguised as merchants.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 Renaissance Period
 In England, Sir Francis Walsingham, under Queen Elizabeth, organized the
first National Intelligence Service. He employed spies on the staff of the
Admiral in Command of the Spanish Army and able to obtain information
regarding Spanish Army as to their ships, equipment, forces and stores. He
protected Queen Elizabeth I from countless assassins.
 In France, Richlieu introduced the network of covert collectors who
transmitted prompt and accurate information to Paris regarding the activities
of the rebels and dissidents of the kingdom.
 Louis XIV- systematized political policy, continuous surveillance, postal
censorship and military intelligence organization were his contributions.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 The French Intelligence System continued since 15th Century.
 Napoleon Bonaparte once said, “One Spy in the right place is worth
20,000 men in the field”.
 He organized two Bureaus of Interest: Bureau of Intelligence- which
consolidate all incoming information regarding the enemy for presentation to
the emperor and to obtain information as desired, and Topographic Bureau-
which maintains a large map which covers the latest information regarding
both enemy and friendly forces. He maintained Military Intelligence and
Secret Political Police Service all over Europe. His main arm was “Spy
against spy” concept.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
a) Double Spies- are unreliable renegades, chiefly involved in spreading false
information to the enemy.
 Frederick the Great
 Known as the “Father of Organized Military Espionage”. He has divided his
agents into four classes:
a) Common Spies- those recruited among poor folk, glad to earn a small sum
or to accommodate as military officer.
b) Spies of Consequences- couriers and noblemen, staff officers and kindred
conspirators, requiring a substantial bribe or bait.
c) Intimidated Spies- Person who were forced to undertake espionage against
their own will.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 Hannibal
 Considered one of the brilliant military strategists in the history of military
intelligence. He had developed an effective intelligence system for 15 years in
Rome. He usually roam around the city often disguise himself as a beggar to
gather first hand information.
 Julius Caesar
 During his time, the staff of each Roman Legion includes ten “speculators”
who served as an information-collecting agency. The “speculators” were the
first intelligence personnel to appear definitely in a military organization.
Military success of the Romans was aided by communication system. Made
use of a carrier pigeons, which made possible the amazing speed with which
intelligence of Imperial Rome was transmitted. They also employed ciphers to
ensure secrecy of communications.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 George Washington- conspirator under oath abounds in the history of
every nation. George Washington was grand master in intelligence. He
mobilized the Free Masons of the colonies at the outbreak of the American
war of Independence.
 Karl Schulmeister- was Napoleon’s eye. Napoleon’s military secret, born
on August 5, 1770. he began his career in offensive espionage under a
cover role. He was able to infiltrate the Austrian General Staff.
 Wilhelm Stieber- incorporated intelligence in the General Staff Support
System. He further device military censorship and organized military
propaganda. He works as a census taker and developed informal gathering
of data.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 Alfred Redi- one of the most brilliant intelligent agents. Though
homosexual, he became Chief of the Austro- Hungarian Secret Service. He
became a double agent of Russia. In 1913, his treason was discovered and he
was forced to commit suicide. His treason also led to the death of almost
500,000 agents and soldiers combined in his 13 years espionage episode.
 Major General Donovan- the organizer of the OSS, builder of a central
intelligence system- OSS whose exploits become legendary in World War II.
 V2-Rackets- OSS agents working in conjunction with the British
Intelligence, through penetration and technical intelligence discovered
Punemundo which was V2 guide missile research project of Nazi Germany. It
resulted to its destruction and heavy bombing.
Events and Personalities in the World of
Intelligence
 Federal Bureau of Investigation
 First established in 1908 as an investigative arm of the U.S. Department of
Justice and became what is known as the FBI under the first director John
Edgar Hoover in 1924. on September 6, 1939 by a presidential directive, it
came to its responsibility the task of a domestic intelligence.
 Central Intelligence Agency
 Created under the US National Security Act of 1947. it was the Central
Intelligence group established during the time of President Truman in January
1946. the CIA was under the National Security Council