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CHAPTER
I

Introduction to Police
Intelligence and Secret
Service

SUN TZU & SOME OF HIS MAXIMS

Sun-Tzu authored the book entitled "PING FA (The art of war)

written about 400 B.C. which the following statements could be found.

IF YOU KNOW YOUR ENEMY AND YOU KNOW

YOURSELF, YOU NEED NOT FEAR THE RESULTS OF
HUNDRED OF BATTLES. IF YoU KNOW YOURSELF BUT

NOT THE ENEMY, FOR EVERY VICTORY YOU WILL

SUFFER DEFEAT. IF YOU KNOW NEITHER YOURSELF NOR

THE ENEMY, YOU ARE FOOL WHO WILL SUFFER DEFEAT

IN EVERY BATTLE."

"What is called foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits,

or from gods, or from analogy to the past events nor from
calculations. He wrote "It must be obtained from men who know
the enemy situation."

. HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE
BIBLICAL RECORDS

Moses

One of the st recorded formalized intelligence effort with format

can be found in the Holy Bible (Numbers 13:17). The Scriptures also
amed the 12 intelligence agents whom the Lord directed Moses to send
nto the land of Canaan and also recorded that all those men were heads
e children in Israel. And Moses sent them to spy out the land of
Canaan (Num 13:17-20).

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Moses sent the 12 agents and said unto them, get you up this
way southward, and go up into the mountain; and see the land, what it is;
and the people the dwelt therein, whether they be strong or weak, fewor
many, and; what the land dwell in, whether in tenths or strongholds; and
what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether there be wood therein,
or not. And be ye good courage and bring the fruit of the land"

Rehab

The harlot of Jericho (Joshua 2:1-21) who sheltered and concealed

the agents of Israel, She made covenant to the agents and duped their
pursuers. She was not only an impromptu confederate of immense value
for the Jewish leader of that far distant day, but also established a plot-
pattern which is still of periodic relief to motion picture producers.

Delilah
She was an impromptu intelligence agent of the Philistines. She
allowed Philistine spies to hide in her house (Judges 16:9). Apart from her
tonsorial specialty, she seduced Samson of Israel to reveal the secret of
his strength and used herself to gain intelligence from poweful enemy.
She achieved the largest effective force of her employer's adversaries and
contriving the stroke which put that force out of action (Paquitol, B.S.)

INTELLIGENCE IN PRE-MODERN ERA

1. Alexander the Great

He devised the "st letter sorting and opening" to obtain

information. While marching into Asia, it is recorded there came to
his hints, and rumors of disaffection growing among his allies and

mercenaries.

ne young conqueror thereupon sought the truth and got it Dy

the simplest expedient. He announced that he was writing home
recommended to his officers that they do likewise. Then, wil

the

COuriers were ladened and had set out for Greece, he ordere they them

quietly recalled and proceeded to investigate all the letters tula res
carried. Malcontents were detected, legitimate causes of g
exposed.
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2. Akbar

The "Great Mogul and sagacious master" of Hindustan who

employed more than four thousand agents for the sole purpose of
bringing him the truth that his throne might rest upon him,

3. Genghis Khan

He used intelligence to conquer China and invade Cathay. He

instructed his Generals to send spies and used prisoners as sources
of information. Genghis Khan was regarded as leader of the so called
"Mongol Conquerors" and used effective propaganda by spreading
rumors of Mongol terror. They collected information on weaknesses
and rivalries of Europe and usually disguised as merchants.

4. Hannibal

The Carthaginian General considered as one of the brilliant military

strategist. He developed an effective intelligence system for 15 years
in Rome. He roamed around the city often disguising as a beggar to
gather first hand information. Hannibal's invasion of Italy, his brilliant
and victorious raid in the history, gained him many success and nearly

bled Rome to death.

5. Frederick the Great

Frederick the Great was known as the father of military espionage.

He established rules for obtaining and using every grade of intelligence
agents and divided his agents into four classes as follows:

a. Common spies

Recruited among poor folk, glad to earn small amount of

money or to be accommodated as military officer

b. Double spies

The low informers and unreliable renegades who are significant

in spreading false information to the enemy.

C. Spies of consequences
Couriers and nobleman, staff officers, and kindred conspirators,
invariably requiring substantial bribe or bait.

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d. Intimidated Spies
Persons who were forced to undertake espionage against
their will.

6. Sertorius, Quintos

He was a Roman General and possessor of white fawn that tried to

follow Polyneus everywhere. The fawn was used as intelligence agent,
His intelligence agents credited their information to the supernatural
power of animal.

7. Gaius Julius Caesar

During his time, his staff legion includes ten "speculators" who
served as information-collecting agency. Speculators were the first
intelligence personnel to appear definitely in military organization.

8. Napoleon Bonaparte

He was a great leader who believes in the principle that "One spy
in the right place is worth 20,000 men in feld. "He also organized two

bureaus of interest:

a. Bureau of Intelligence
Consolidated all incoming information regarding the enemy
for presentation to the emperor and to obtain information as

desired.

b. Topographic Bureau
Maintained a large map which covers the latest information
regarding both enemy and friendly forces.

9. Karl Schulmeister

He was Napoleon's military secret service and Napoleon's eyes. e

began his career in offensive espionage. Under a cover role, he was
able to infiltrate the Austrian General Staff and studied the characte
of the Generals. His Royal foes selected to defeat him.

10. George Washington

Conspirators under oath abound in the history of every nhe

ation.

He, as grandmaster, mobilized the free masons of the colonie

at

outbreak of American war independence.

America's first military inteligence director.

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s

11. Francis Walshingham

Under Queen Ellzabeth, he organized the first National Intelligence
Service. He employed spies on the staff of the Admiral in Command
of the Spanish Army and able to obtain information regarding Spanish
Army as to their ships, equipment, forces and stores. He protected
Queen Elizabeth I from countless assassins.

12. Richelieu

He introduced the "network of covert collectors" who transmitted

prompt and accurate information to Paris regarding the activities of
the rebels and dissidents of the kingdom.

13. Louis XTV (Sun King)

He systematized political policy, continuous surveillance, postal
censorship and military organization.

14. Wilhelm Stieber

He incorporated intelligence in the General Staff Support System.

He contributed to the science of Military Censorship and Organized
Military Propaganda. He worked as a census taker and developed an
informal format in the gathering of data.

15. Alfred Red

One of the most brilliant inteligence agent, even though he was

a homosexual. Chief of the Austro-Hungarian secret service and at
the same time, agent of Russia (convicted of treason in 1913- but he
committed suicide). His treason led to the death of 500,000 agents
and the soldiers combine in his 13 years espionage episode.

6. Brahma Kautilya

In ancient India, he overthrew the Nanda Dynasty and established

the first Mayuryan King in the Indian throne. He recommended to his
king that for the ruler to succeed, the ruler should strike at enemies
weak points by means of spies.

7. Joseph Fouche

He was known as the Father of Military Espionage in France. He

Was born on May 21, 1759, near Nantes. Trained for priesthood but
Chapter I: Introduction to Police Intelligence and Secret Service

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never tOOK orders, instedd

the most feared and respected intenngence director in French histor tory
Createda network of agents with nIS assistance and founded the
modern system of spying on spies, wnicn was later known as countor
espionage.

18. Gen. William Donovan

He was regarded as the Father of today's CIA. He was the first

chief of the OSS (Office of Strategic Service- Forerunner of CIA) when

former president Roosevelt established it in June 14 1942.

19. Edward I

In 1725, he organized a systematic police system known as

Watch and Ward" and by Royal proclamation; the Profession "State
Informer" was created in 1734 enjoining all informers to exposer
criminal activities and be compensated.

20. Joseph Petrosino

He was the former head of Italian Squad. Through extensive

intelligence network, he credited to smash the Black Society.
Il. INTELLIGENCE AND THE WORLD WAR

A. World War I

1. 1900- Europe powers developed modern staff systems and place

intelligence on the same level with personnel, operations and
logistics. Intelligence then functioned in time of peace and wat
Intelligence during this period, concentrated on information apou
the armed forces of the enemy and their capabilities.

2. Aircraft was introduced as a tool of conducting

reconnaissance.

aerial

3. Wireless Telegraph was used wherein codes and cipl

applied.

Were

4. Army Intelligence rapidly expanded during this eriod.

5. Agent Provocateur"- was employed by u

the

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purpose of internal security and political repression. Spying was
always the specialty of the Russians.
German Intelligence- gained a high reputation for offensive
effectiveness throughout Europe but declined at the outset of war,
7. British Intelligence- succeeded greatly by means of censorship
and its Code Room combined with skilful use of Covert agents.

8. United States expanded their Naval Intelligence wherein

Domestic Counterintelligence became a principal activity.

B. US THREE BRANCHES OF INTELLIGENCE

1. Positive Branch

Its function is to collect, evaluate and disseminate intelligence

Information. Prepare situation, estimate and translate
documents.

2. Negative Branch

Counterintelligence functions: investigate disloyalty and

sedition; investigate graft and fraud in organization.

3. Geographic Branch

Produces maps, photographs and terrain studies. Sections:

administration, collection by attaches troops, codes and
ciphers.

. INTELLIGENCE DURING WORLD WAR II

1. German Intelligence
Germen intelligence started the war with the world's best

organized intelligence service through advance preparation of

intelligence accompanied by troop movements.

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2. Japanese Intelligence

Japanese intelligence falled because it was not provided

with sufficient number of trained personnel to assemble and
evaluate the mass of materials which were collected although
Japanese Intelligence was involved in shnort war and defensive in

nature.

3. British Intelligence

Its achievement was the delay in the use of German y

bomb. The operation was conducted with the OsS and through
the penetration and technical intelligence; they discovered
Peenemunde, the V2 guided missile research project of Nazi

Germany.

4. United State Intelligence

In 1941, the US Office of Strategic Service (OSS)

forerunner of today's Central Intelligence agency (CIA) was
established to analyze military, political and economic information
as it affected the security of the country. US JOINT CHIEF OF
STAFFS-was organized to act in support of the army and the
navy in the collection and analysis of strategic information and to
be responsible for the planning and operation of special services.

5. Chinese Intelligence

In 1932, TAI LI was organized, the China's secret police

to conduct espionage and counterespionage against Japanese

spies and Chinese communist.

6. Soviet Intelligence

AMTORG was organized for the purpose of purchasing a

kinds of materials for Soviet Union.

Smersh or "Death to Spies"

Smersh was organized during the war as counterintellg igene

concerned with disaffection among

communism in any form. There were five divisions:
operation, investigation, prosecution and personne

Soviet Troops and

Administrat
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OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN INTEL DURING WORLD WAR II

1. In 1942, a female special agent was able to transmit vital

information concerning the activities and installations of the main
research station at Peenemunde. British failed in the defeat of
Gen. Montgomery's forces at Annenheim.

2. United State Intelligence- In 1942, the US Strategic Service

was established to research and analyze military, political and
economic information as it affected the security of the country.

Battle of Midway- In 1942; the turning point of the US-Naval

force in the Pacific. The victory gained by the Americans was due
to the disrupted messages from the Imperial Japanese Navy.

4.

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

In April of 1943, the crypto-analyst of the U.S. Navy

Communications Intelligence intercepted a top-secret signal
relaying the travel of the admiral. En route, he was intercepted
and crashed in the Jungles of Bougainville.

5. U.S. Joint Chief of Staffs

Was organized to act in support of the army and the navy in

the collection and analysis of Strategic Information and to
be responsible for the planning and operation of the Special
Service.
6. Amphibious Warfare

U.S. greatest contribution was its development where

coordination of many types of intelligence activities was
required to provide adequate knowledge upon which is
the basis of the successful operation of a complex military
transported over water with the objective of establishing itself
on an enemy-held shore against opposition.

.S.Success in wWII was that their Personnel were drawn from

the civilian populace, business and professional men and woman.

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D. POST WAR PERIOD: The Superpowers

1. Soviet Intelligence

a. Soviet Intelligence System

Described as the "omnipotent and omnipresent for its

vast intricate organization involving millions of people.

b. Soviet Counterintelligence

Described as the "Iron Curtain because no one can cross

in the borders of USSR without being detected- all communicatione
are rigidly controlled. Its contribution to the modern intelligenra
was the dissemination of false information designed to mislead
and confuse opponents and prospective victims.
C. Military Intelligence and Ministry of State Security
(formerly NKGB)

It is concerned with the political events and economic

conditions and also collects information for intelligence purposes

all over the world. It directs foreign sabotage and maintain
network of agents in military and special agents.

It is concerned on political espionage activities of foreign

communist countries.

Komissija

(Komitetor
Bezopasnasti)

d. KGB

Goudartsvennoy

It is the official secret police agency of the Soviet Uno n n

charge of the state security (Commission of the State Secuny

2. British Intelligence System

It is composed of several intelligence a

follows;
agencies

a. British Military Intelligence Division (MID)

Tt is divided into 20 different departments

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b. M15

Devoted to counter espionage and security.

c.Special Branch of Scotland Yard

It is charged with guarding the Royal family and
Important British Officials and visiting foreign dignitaries

3. Israel Intelligence System

a. Mossad

In charge of the National Intelligence. The number one

Intelligenoce Agency in the whole world.

b. Aman

Concerned with military Intelligence.

C. Shinbet

Concerned with Internal Security.

IIC

Israel Intelligence agency- Report to the prime minister.

4. French Intelligence

Sdece De Documentation ExterieureEt Der Contre

Espionage
Foreign Intelligence and Counterintelligence Service.
This is under the Prime Minister

b. General, Charles De Gaulle

He set-up the Bureau Central Renseignements et d

Action. (BCRA Central Office for Intelligence Action) in
London in 1940. It is an expansion of the service d'
Renseignements (sr- Intelligence Service) which is part
of the old Renzieme Bureau (second Bureau) of French
General staff.

C. SDECE

Concerned in Strategic and Counter Intelligence.

d. Surete Nationale
Part of French Intelligence Service.

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12

5. German Intelligence

Red Gestapo

The security service organized by the East Germany t

combat the covert activities of the west Germany group en it

was still divided by the Berlin Walls.

E. GREAT BETRAYALS

1. Judith Coplon

She was a political analyst of the Department of Justi

who was accused of taking unlawful possession of government
documents and spying for a foreign power. She wasa well known

communist activist.

2. Dr. Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs

He was accused of releasing American Atomic Secretsto

the Soviet in 1945 and British in 1947. He detailed knowledge di

the construction of the atomic bomb.
3. Ernst Hilding Anderson

In 1951, a Royal Navy provided military secrets to a toe

power and was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonme

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MODULE ONE

NATURE AND HISTrORY OF DRUG ABUSE

General Objectives

At the end of the module, the student should be able to:

A. Cognitive Domain

Distinguish drug abuse from drug addiction and

drug dependency and be able to identify the
factors infuuencing drug abuse.
2. Explain how drug are administered and how
drugs uorks in the himan system
3. Analyze the nature of drugs by distinguishing
their sources, phamacology and effects.

B. Affective Domain:

1. Trace the historical account, identify, predict and

control drugs and drug abuse.
2. Balance and appreciate the medicinal uses of
drugs and be able to discuss the dangers of
abusing them
3. Discuss the importance of knouing the drug abu
jargons and the relevance of understanding the
dangers of self medioation.

C. Psychomotor Domain
1. Demonstrate in

the

class the

manner of

administering and or abusing drugs using replica

drugs.

Overview

This module started with a discussion on the basic concepis

regarding the drug abuse problem. t shows the nature, kinds,

types and other "need-to-know about drugs in general and drug
abuse in particular. t also discussed the history of drug abuse
both in its general and local scenarios.

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LESSON ONE
TERMS AND DRUG ABUSE JARGONS

o a) relate the terminologies and uords used in understandino

dnug

objectives: At the end of the lesson, the leamer should be

nature of drug abuse b} diferentiate the varied slang terms ine

to

abuse c) act as if one is under the unjiuence f drugs accordin

the definitions and as instructed by the teacher.

Actiotty: Simulations and Pilm Showing

Materials: Overhead projector, slides, video player

Concept: The students will watch a video clip shouing the shile
and manner of talking of someone who been oalled drug addict
This uill show an actual scenario concerming the behavior of one
under the influence of drugs especially narcotics. in this way, the
students will better appreciate the lessons and can familiarize
themselies easily urith the terms and jargons n drug abuse.

A. DPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES N THE STUDY

OF DRUG ABUSE

Administer The act of introducing any

dangerous drug into the body of any person with or
without his knowledge.
Chemical It is any substance taken into the
body that alters the way and the mind and the
bodywork.

Chemical Abuse It is an instance when the

use of chemical has produced negative or harmfal

consequences.

Centers

Any

of

the

treatment

and

rehabilitation centers for drug dependents referred to

under Section 34, Article VIII of Republic Act 916
(Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002)

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email, mobile or landlines, two-way radio
instant messengers and chat
broker in any of such transactions whether
or any other consideration in
9165.

interner

t rooms or act

r money

violation of Repub

Tolerance It is the tendency to increase do

in the body.

dosage

of drugs to maintain the same effect in

client for the effective managenment of his total

condition related to drug abuse. It deals with

Treatment A medical service rendered to

the

sing
physiological and psychosocial complications arisin

from drug abuse.

Use Any act of injecting, intravenously or
intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,
smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing. drinking or
otherwise introducing into the physiological system of
the body, and of the dangerous drugs.

B. DRUG ABUSE JARGONS

Jargons, in the context of this study, are slang

terms used by drug users in order to hide the meaning
of their words, language or conversation against a
enforcement authorities or from other people. There
are so many jargons used by drug abusers, depending
on the Kind of group they belong (e.g. gang cona
state, or race), but the following are some o

the

commonn

drug

abuse
www.noslang.com-a drug slang dictionary):

jargons

extracted

from
abandonintums Abandoned row houses unere
drugs are used
ap Joint- Marjuana cigarette laced uith somej

re

of narcotic

form

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Chemical Diversion The sale, distribution,
supply or transport of legitimately imported, in-transi1t,
manufactured or procured controlled precursors ana
essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or 1n
concentrated form, to any person or entity engaged in
the manufacture of any dangerous drug, and shall
include packaging, repackaging., labeling, relabeling or
concealment of such transaction through fraud,
destruction of documents, fraudulent use of pernmits,
misdeclaration, use of front companies or mail fraud.

Clandestine Laboratory Any facility used for

the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical.

Confirmatory Test - An analytical test using a

device, tool or equipment with a different chemical or
physical principle that is more specific which will
validate and confirm the result of the screening test.
Delivery
allowing an unlawful

The

investigative
or suspect

Controlled

technique of
consignment of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical, equipment or
paraphernalia, or property believed to be derived
directly or indirectly from any ofense, to pass into,
through or out of the country under the supervision of
an authorized officer, with a view to gathering evidence
to identify any person involved in any dangerous drugs
related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of that
offense.

Controlled

Precursors

and

Essential

Chemicals Include those listed in Tables I and II of

the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

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Cultioate or Culture Any act of knowin.

planting, growing, raising, or permitting the plan
growing or raising of any plant which is the s0urce
dangerous drug.

of a

Dangerous Drugs Include those listed in

Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention
nd
Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, a
1971 Single

on

annexed to the

in the Schedules

Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Deliver Any act of knowingy passing a

dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise.
and by any means, with or without consideration.

Den, Dive or Resort A place where any

dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical is administered, delivered, stored
for illegal purpoşes, distributed, sold or used in any
form.

Dispense Any act of giving away, selling or

distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or
without the use of prescription.

Traditionally, drugs are synthetic

Drug
chemicals used as medicine or in the making of
ficines, which affects the body and mind and have
potential for
meaning, refers to substances, other than food and
water that is intended to be taken or administered 10
the purpose of altering sustaining or controllings
recipient's physical, mental or emotional state.

abuse. Drug in

its criminological

Drug Abuse It is the illegal, wrongful or

improper use of any drug.

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Drug Addictlom It refers to the state or
periodic or chronic intoxication produced by the
repeated consumption of a drug.
Drug
wrongfully,

Experimenter - One who illegally,

improperly
substances for reasons of curiosity, peer pressure, or

or

Ises

any

narcotic

other similar reasons.

Drug

Dependence

The

World

Health

Organization defines it is a cluster of physiological,

behavioral

and cognitive phenomena of variable

intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug takes

on a high priority thereby involving, among others, a
strong desire or a sense of compulsion to take the
substance and the difficulties in controlling substance
talking behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or
levels of use.

Drug Syndicate - Any organized group of two (2)

or more persons forming or joining together with the
intention of committing any offense prescribed under
Republic Act 9165.

Employee of Den, Dive or Resort - The

caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout, and other

persons working in the den, dive or resort, employed
by the maintainer, owner and/or operator where any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential
distributed, sold or used, with or
cOmpensafion, in connection
thereof.

delivered,
without

chemical is administered,
with

the operation

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Financier Any person who pays for, rai
erwrites any of the illegal

ises or

supplies money for, or under

activities prescribed under Republic Act 9165.

nlegal TrafflckingThe illegal cultivas

dispensation,

cultivation

administration,
trading,

culture, delivery,
manufacture,
distribution, importation, exportation and possese.
of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
and essential chemical.

transportation,
sale,

ssion
led precurs

Anything that is used in or

Instrument

intended to be used in any manner in the commission

of illegal drug trafficking or related offenses.

Laboratory Equipment The paraphernalia,

appliances
for

when used,
in the

materials or

apparatus,
intended for use or designed
manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical, such as reaction
vessel, preparative/purifying equipment, fermentors,
separatory
generator, or their substitute.
use

funnel, flask,

heating

mantle,

gas

Manufacture -The production, preparation,

compounding or processing of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled
either directly or indirectly or by extraction from
substances of natural origin, or independently D
means of chemical synthesis or by a combination o
extraction and chemical synthesis, and shall includ
any packaging or repackaging of such substance
design or configuration of its form, or labeling
relabeling of its container; except that such teris
not inchude the preparation, compounding, packa
or labeling of a drug or other substances by a
authorized practitioner as an incident to

precursor and essential chemical,

do

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administration or dispensation of such drug O
substance in the course of his/her professional
practice including research, teaching and chemical
analysis of dangerous drugs or such substances that
are not intended for sale or for any other purpose.

Marjuana (Cannabis) or "Indian Hemp" or by

its any other name. Embraces every kind, class,

genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis sativa L.
incuding, but not limited to, Cannabis americana,
hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus and ganjab, and
embraces

every

kind, class and

character

of

marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering,

flowering or fruiting tops, or any part or portion of the
plant and seedds
varieties, whether as a reefer, resin, extract, tincture
or in any form whatsoever.

thereof, and all its

geographic
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA)
Also

Known as "Ecstasy", or by its any other name.

refers to the drug having such chemical composition,
including any of its isomers or derivatives in any formn.

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride - Commonly

known as "Shabu", "Ice", "Meth", or by its any other
name. Also refers to the drug having such chemical
composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives
in any form.

Narcotic Drug - Refers to illegally used drugs or

dangerous drugs which are either
regulated drugs. It also refers to drugs that produces
sleep or stupor and relieves pain due to its depressant
effect on the CNS. The term Narcotic comes from the
Greek word "narcotikos". It is sometimes known as
"opiates

prohibited or

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Refers to the coagulated juice of th

Opium
opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and embra
every kind, class and character of opilum, whethe
crude or prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same
narcotic preparations thereof or therefrom; morphinDe
or any alkaloid of opium; preparafions in which
opium, morphine or any alkaloid of opium enters as an
ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy straw; and
leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, whether prepared
for use or not.

Opium Poppy Refers to any part of the plant of

the species Papaver somniferum L., Papaver setigerum

DC,

Papaver

orientale,

Papaver

bracteatum and

Papaver rhoeas, which includes the seeds, straws,

branches, leaves or any part thereof, or substances
derived therefrom, even for floral, decorative and
culinary purposes.

Planting of Evidence The willful act by any

person of maliciously and surreptitiously inserting,
placing, adding or attaching directly or indirectly,
through any overt or covert act, whatever quantity of
any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical in the person, house, effects or in
the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the
purpose of implicating, incriminating or inmputing the
commission of any violation of Republic Act 9165.

Protector/Coddler - Any person who knowingy

and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for
in this Act and uses his/her influence, power or

position

in shielding,

harboring,

screening

or

facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows, or

has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has
violated the provisions of Republic Act 9165 in order

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prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the
violator.

Pusher Any

person, who
sells, trades,

administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to

another, on any terms whatsoever, or distributes,
dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or
who acts as a broker in any of such transactions, in
violation of Republic Act 9165.

Physical Dependence An adaptive state

caused by repeated drug use that reveals itself by

development of intense physical symptoms when the
drug is stopped (withdrawal syndrome).

Psychological Dependence - An attachment to

drug use which arises from a drug ability to satisfy
some emotional or personality needs of an individual.

Rehabilitation- It is a dynamic process

directed towards the changes of the health of the

person to prepare him from his fullest life potentials
and capabilities, and making him law abiding and
productive member of the community without abusing
drugs.

Screening Test A rapid test performed to

establish potential/presumptive positive result.

Sell- Any act of giving away any dangerous drug

and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical
whether for money or any other consideration

Transactions involving the illegal

dangerous dngs and/or controlled

Trading
trafficking of
precursors and essential chemicals using electronic
devices such as, but not limited to, text messages,

Page 29
29

B. INTELLIGENCE cOMMUNITY (present)

1. FACTORS IN CREATING INTELLIGENCE UNIT

a. Size of the community

b. Extent of organized crime in the community

C. Probable frequency and seriousness of the activity of civil

disturbances

d. Breaches of Integrity on the part of any member of the

force or unit

2. LOCAL INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS/UNITS

Intelligence community refers to the agencies or

organization of the government which has intelligence interest

and responsibilities.

Under Administrative Order No. 217, S. 1991,

The National Intelligence Board (NIB) shall be reorganized and

expanded to include the membership of twelve civilian agencies
and seven military offices as follows:

1. The National Intelligence Coordinating Agency

2. Department of Foreign Affairs;
3. The Department of National Defense;
4. The Department of Education, Culture and Sports;
5. The Department of Labor and Employment;
The National Economic and Development Authority;
The Department of Trade and Industry;
8. The Department of Interior and Local Government;
9. The Philippine National Police;
10. The National Bureau of Investigation, Department of
Justice;

6.

7.

11. The Bureau of Immigration and Deportation, Department

of Justice
12. The Economic Intelligence and Investigation Bureau,
Department of Finance
13. The Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, 12,
Armed Forces of the Philippines;

Page 30

14. The Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, G2,

Army
15. The Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, A2, Philin
Force,

Philippine

30

e Air

16. The Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff, N2, Phii

Navy
17. The Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces
Philippines
18. The Counter-intelligence Command, Armed Forces of H
Philippines
19. The Presidential Security Group.

ppine

of

the
the

The Chairman of the NIB shall be the Director-General of t

National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA), Office of the
President.

the

The Board (NIB) shall serve as the advisory body to the Director
General of the NICA for the coordination and integration of all
intelligence activities of the Government.

I. PNP INTELLIGENCE UNITS

a. D1-Directorate for Intelligence

b. R2-Staff officer for intelligence

C. Regional Intelligence Units

d. Police District Intelligence Divisions

e. Philippine Drug Enforcement Agencies former (Anti-Narcotics

Units)

f. Off Shore Anti- crime Groups

II. AFP Intelligence System

a. Philippine Army Intelligence

G2-GHQ; Intel &Scty. Group - Operating units; Milaly
Intelligence Companies (MICO'S) -Infantry Division

POLICE INTELLIGENCE AND SECRET SERVICE

Page 31

31

b. Naval Intelligence
N2 GHQ; G2- Philippine Marines Intelligence; CG2-
Philippine Coast Guard; and F2-Philippine Fleet

C.Air Force Intelligence A2-GHQ

III. NBI

IV. OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

Anti-smuggling Action Center

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Bureau of Customs

Bureau of Immigration Department of Justice

Department of Foreign Affairs

Presidential Task force

INTELLIGENCE SCHOOL CENTER

1. 12/ISAF Special Intelligence Training School

2. G2-Military Intelligence Training School

3. N2-Naval Intelligence Training School

4. A2-Air Intelligence Training Center

5. PNP-Intelligence Training Group

INTERNAIONAL INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS

1. USA- New comer

a. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

It is the principal for intelligence activities and covert

operations abroad. It was created under the US National

Security Act of 1947.

*Note: The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) mostly

operates outside the United States to gather intelligence via
a network of spies.

rence Units

Page 32
Responsible for collecting signals intei
integrity of

intelligence

from all over the world and for overseeing thei

American secret communication.

b National Security Agency (NSA)

Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)

It provides military intelligence to the Departm

of Defense.

d. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

m
First established in 1903 as an investigative arm

of the US Department of Justice.

Note: The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)

predominantly operates within the U.S. to both gather
inteligence as well as tackle federal crimes.

2. Great Britain
Boasts an intelligence tradition dating from

Queen Elizabeth I.

a. MI-5

It is the equivalent of the United States FBI. It S

responsible for counterintelligence activities

b. MI-6

A.K.a. the Secret Intelligence Service S

an analogous to CIA, it ran the famo
during WWII in which coded German Messag
by the German's enigma machine, were
broken and translated, thereby aiding the AE
battlefield.

SIS)
mous " Ultra" progn
sages, Crypted

ercepted

on thelr

Page 33

33
3. Israel Considered as the most rellant on accurate
intelligence

a. MOSSAD

Central institute for Intel and Scty. Conducts

external espionage and also informs covert operations

abroad.

b. SHINBET

General Security Services Responsible for

counterintelligence and internal security.

C. AMAN

Intelligence Corpse of Defense Forces The

largest, which focuses on military intelligence.

4. Former Soviet Union ,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

(USSR)

Committee (Board) for State Security/ Komitet

Gosudartsvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB)- doubled as secret

police force; controlling the populace within the country
and outside the USSR, conducting espionage, spreading
disinformation" and attempting to destabilize foreign
governments.

C. POLICE INTELLIGENCE

Police intelligence is defined as the end product resulting

from the collection, evaluation, analysis, integration and
interpretation of all available information regarding the activities
of criminal and other law violators for the purpose of affecting
their arrest, obtaining evidence, and forestalling their plans to
commit crime.

Intelligence as herein referred to means Police Intelligence

as distinguished from Military Intelligence. The deviation is

Chapter Il: Intelligence and Intelligence Units

Page 34
more on the approach rather than principle. The fund.
intelligence cycle is still the same, be that used in Police or ta
Intelligence

34

litary

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFTCATIONS

1. Criminal Intelligence (CRIMINT)

It refers to the production of intelligence essential to
prevention of crimes, investigation, arrest and prosecution of

criminal offenders.

2. Internal Security Intelligence (INSINT)

It refers to the knowledge essential to the maintenance

of peace and order.

3. Public Safety Intelligence (PUSINT)

It refers to the knowledge essential to ensure the

protection of lives and properties.

CARDINAL PRINCIPLE IN POLICE INTELLIGENCE

The cardinal principle in Police intelligence at all levels15

the proper, economical and most productive use of personnel
and equipment employed and/or utilized in planning the collection
of information and dissemination of intelligence.

GENERAL ACTIVITIES IN POLICE INTELLIGENCE

1. Strategic Intelligence

The intelligence information which is primarily long ran

in nature with little practical immediate operation value.

Page 35

3s

2. Line Intelligence

It is immediate in nature and necessary for more effective

police planning and operation.

3. National Intelligence

It refers to the integrated product of intelligence developed

by all the governmental branches, departments concerning the

broad aspect of national security and policy. It is concerned to
more than one department or agency and it is not produced
by single entity and used to coordinate all the activities of the
government in developing and executing integrated and national
policies and plans.

4. Counter Intelligence

It is a phase of Intel covering the activity devoted in

destroying the effectiveness of hostile foreign activities and

protection of information against espionage, subversion and
sabotage.
5. Undercover work

It is an investigative process in which disguises and

pretext, cover and deception is utilized.

Page 43

CHAPTER

The Intelligence Cycle

III

A. INFORMATION

Generally, intormation are raw data or unevaluated material of

every descrpuion derived from observation, communication, reports,
rumors, Imagination, and other sources from which intelligence is
produced; Any knowledge, data, news, opinions, or the like transmitted
from a person to the another; and/or any communicated knowledge
by personal study, investigation, research, analysis and observauon.

tinati

B. INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION
Intelligence information refers to any information gathered or
received Which is of intelligence interest.

C.END PRODUCTS (Knowledge)

These are results after evaluation, analysis, interpretation,

and integration of raw materials.

D. KNOWLEDGE (synonymous to inteligence)

l. Intormation in mind: general awareness or possession of

nrormation, facts, Ideas, truths or principles

2. Specific information: clear awareness or explicit information, for

example, of a situation or fact.
S. All that can be known: all the information, facts, truths, and
principles learned throughout time.

Page 44
44

processing, dissemination and use; examples are raid o Coll

search and seizure.

ollectio
tion, arres

E. ACTIVITY
Activities are the product of that knowledge a

rSonnel or the intelligene

F. ORGANIZATION

Organization refers to the intelligence personnel or the int

unit (the unit itself).

G. SOURCES

Sources refers to where/whom/which the information was

obtained. This can be from: an informant; a syndicate; an intelligence
broker; double agent; and/or another police agency that has the neede
information on file.

H. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF sOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. OPEN sOURCES

The information may be obtained from news ies

ibraries, magazines, books, or non- classified files in certal
public or private offices. 99% of the information collected
Coming from open sources. This can be from: Enemy activityi
Prisoners of War (POW); Civilians; Captured Docum
Map; Weather forecast; Studies; researches; repor
Agencies; Informants and informers.
etc

2. CLOSE sOURCES

They can be located inside a building

1% of all information is from close sourd

Surveillance; Casing; Elicitation;
Employment of technical means
Tactical interrogation; Observation anc

uilding, safe or

vaults

urces. This can b

from:

Surreptitiou

s entry

(bugging and

tapping)

and descriptio

POLICE INTELLIGENCE AND SECRN

Page 45
45
.GENERAL CATEGORIES SOURCES OF INFORMATION (PPeT)

1. Places

2. People

3. Things

. OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION e

Routine patrol; Criminal investigation; Use of informants;

Interrogations; Search and seizures; Cordon and scratch; Checkpoints;

Police public relations activities; Coordination with law enforcement
agencies Inmates of various jails, military stockades and other penal
colonies; and Statistics.

K. INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

It is the continuous process which ultimately coordinates and

integrates all efforts of the collecting agencies or units. The intelligence
cycle is the process through which intelligence is obtained, produced,
and made available to users.

PLANNING AND SUPERVISION

DIRECTING
DISSEMINATION
&USE

cOLLECTING

MISSION

PROCESSING

PLANNING AND SUPERVISION

Page 46
46

operation
one vhid

A. MISSION

to carry out;

particular task given to a person or group

should be accomplished.

or

Mission is the focal point of the intelligence

PHASES OF THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

In this phase, the Intel Staff Officer or Unit

to r
determines the required or important information relevant t
the different collecti

PHASE 1-DIRECTING cOLLECTION EFFORT

commande

Then these requirements will be distributed to the different

agencies by direction or by request.

1. Determination of the intelligence requirements.

Categories of intelligence requirements in relation to use:

a. Executive

Intelligence is required by executive, governmental and

military commanders. The executive requirements are the
basis for decisions and national policy making.

b. Contributory

Intelligence is required to complete the staff proces

make staff plans and estimates that contribute to t
decision and policy making.
C. Operational

Additional intelligence required in planning and caliy

out effectively the decision or policy announcead. De
and policy requires implementation.

ecisios

d. Collateral

Higher or adjacent echelons of the governmento

establishment may require information.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE AND SECRET SERVICE

Page 47
Categories of Intellgence Requirements by type:

47

a. Basic

General reference materials to be use in planning

regarding the enemies or potential enemies, area of
the operations, capabilities static comprehensive.

b. Current

Temporary in nature and narrower in scope.

Information required to cope-up with the current
objectives.

C. Estimative Intelligence

Determines the future courses of action; required by

the executives to plan future military operations and
policies.

2. Determination of the essential elements of information

(EEI)

EEI

EEI are items of intelligence or information of the

characteristics of the area of operations and the enemy, which

the commander feels needed before he can reasonably arrive at
a decision.

These are evaluation based on the existing situation,

Current domestic and foreign situations, national objectives, etc.
In here, there is no set formula but judgment and experience are

necessary

3. Establishment of priorities (P.I.R's)

Establishment of priorities is necessary to decide which

ems of information are more important-a system of priorityis
needed; critical importance and lesser importance; EEI - highest
priority intelligence requirements essential to planning.

Page 48
PHASE 2-cOLLECTING OF INFORMATION
In this phase, the collecting agency determines

48

information is to be collected, by whom and

collecting activity is carried out, the collected
submitted for processing.

at spechk
After the
formation is the

from whom.

Collection Agency

Any person, unit, or activity that collects and/or D

information by research, surveillance, or the exploita
the source of information.

on of

1. Criteria of Collecting Agencies/Units:

a. Capability
An agency must be physically capable of providing
the desired information in a timely manner.

b. Balance

Within the time limits imposed by other considerations

the collection workload must be balanced from

among the collecting agencies. Balance is a minor

consideration when compared with the importance of
other factors.

C. Multiplicity

Evaluation of information requires that it must

compared with the information received from ou
sources and agencies. Subject to the consideratu
of suitability and capability more than one agency
used to obtain each item of required informatio.

d. Suitability

The collection task assig

assigned to a unit must

compatible with its primary mission. Only the a
agences
best suited to furnish the information are u

ed.
Page 49
2. Two basic Collection Strategies:
a. Resource integration one agent
b. Agent Mixed Redundancy-3 or more agents assessing
for the same assignment

49

3. Collecting Agencies:

a. Government agencies/offices variety of information

b. Intelligence unitS or Intelligence agencies
C. Organizations

4. Who is Tasked to Collect Information?

a. Intelligence officers/agents regular members

b. Civilian agents - informers and informants
C. Assets establishment of institution which assists in

providing information

6. Methods of Collection

a. Overt- open

b. covert secret

7. Trade crafts and some Instruments Used in the

Collection

a. Photography
b. Surveillance
Elicitation
Interview

C.

e. Interrogation
Personnel Security Investigation
g. Sound equipment tapping and bugging
h. Use of an artist
i. Surreptitious entry
j. Communication

8. COLLECTION PLANNING

which ultimately coordinates and integrates the efforts of al

collecting Agencies/Units.

Collection planning refers to the continuous process

Page 50
STEPS IN COMPRISING A COLLECTION PLAN
a. Planning and supervision of collection efforts/activit.
b. Determination of intelligence priorities
C. Selection of collecting Agencies

s0
d. Supervision of the collection activities (a.k.a. directori
ning?

ries)

What are the factors tobe considered in collection planni

a. Personality

Persons involved suspects, social status, etc.

b. Organization

Group committing the crime: Kuratong Baleleng, Pentan

14K gang, Bamboo Union Gang, etc.

gon,

C. Resources/Equipment

Used in committing the crime i.e., firearms.

d. Activity

Modus operandi/crime activities, time attack, victims, place of

attack, etc.

PHASE 3-PROCESSING THE COLLECTED INFORMATION

It is in this phase in the intelligence cycle in wnic
information becomes intelligence. The processing phase of intellige
activity is the most expensive and time consuming activity.
conversion of data into a useable product, acceptable to

majority, will still require the greatest expenditure ofr moi

vast

processing involves the following:

Data

1. Recording

Recording is the reduction of information into

some other form of graphical representation and the a
this information into groups of related items.

tion into writing o

ing o

Page 51
2. Evaluation

51

Evaluation is the determination of the pertinence of

the information to the operation reliability of the source or of the

agency the accuracy of the information; or examination of raw
information to determine intelligence value.

Things to be considered during evaluation:

a. Pertinence (usefulness)

Does it hold some value to current operation?

Is it needed immediately?

Who need it?

b. Reliability (dependable)

Judging the source of information.

The source of information and the agency from which

it was collected or both evaluated for reliability. The
principal basis for judging the source or an agency is
previous experience. Other criteria include knowledge,
training, experience and past performance of troop
units or the collector of information.

Accuracy (truth of information)

C.

Accuracy refers to the probable truth of the

information. Judgment of accuracy is based on the
answers of the following questions;

1. Is it possible for the reported fact or event to have

taken place?

2. Is the report is consistent within itself?

3. Is the report confirmed or corroborated by information

from different sources or agencies?

4. Does the report agree or disagree in any way with

other available information?

Does the report agree with information from other

sources, or agencies and which one is more likely to
be true?

5.

IL The Intelligence Cycle

Page 52
52

EVALUATION GUIDE

sOURCESOF INFORMATION
RELIABILTY OF
IFORMATTON
(CUFNUR)
A-Completely reliable
B-Usually reliable
C-Fairly reliable

ACCURACY OF
INFORMATION
(CPPDIT)
Confirmed by other
sources

Direct observation by the

commander and chief of a

unit

Reports by penetration agent

or resident agent
Report by PNPJAFP roops
involved in encounter
W- Interrogation of captured
enemy agent/foreigner

|2- Probably true

-Not usually reliable3- Possibly true

Unreliable

Doubtfully true
Improbable

Reliability cannot be
Judged

6- Truth cannot be

Observation of government

X-

Judged

and civilan employee or

official
Observation by a member of
the populace
Documentary

Z-

3. Interpretation

Interpretation is the process of establishing the meaning

and significance of information. It involves the following:

a. Analysis

Analysis refers to the determination of significance

of information relative to the information and intelligence

already known and drawing deductions about probabie
meaning of the evaluated information. It is done by sn
and isolating those elements that have significance in the ng
of the mission or national objective.

b. Integration

Integration is the combination of the element

in the assessment with other known information or inc

stated

to form a logical feature or hypothesis for enemy dics of

the information of the operational area and chard

or

the omission of the command.

tivities

acteristic

Page 53
NN

C. Deduction

5a

Deduction refers to the formulation of conclusions

from the theory developed, tested and considered valid;
determination of effort and meaning of the information.

PHASE 4-DISSEMINATION AND USE

This is the timely conveyance of intelligence information

in an appropriate form and by any suitable means to those who
need. The primary purpose of timely dissemination is to enable the
commander to make decisions with confidence; a secondary purpose
is to provide knowledge, in light of which new information may be

processed.

TWO principles preclude the release of intelligence

information:

1. First, there must be the "need to know" on the part of the recipient.

Need to know" is not necessarily determined by a person's

position in the organizational hierarchy. Need to know is
usually akin to the task performed.
2. Secondly, a potential recipient should be "cleared" by responsible
authority as being eligible to receive the intelligence data.

Confidential sources are the lifeline of the intelligence

effort. They must be protected at almost any price. Therefore, it
IS apparent that the "need to know" and proper clearance of the
receiver are surpassed by the consideration, "Will the use of data
destroy or endanger the source of information?"

It is the final phase of the cycde. Processed information

IS disseminated to the agency, unit or command to effect or
implement the mission.

Page 54
Is4

Dissemination is through:

Methods of dissemination
1. Fragmentary orders from top to bottom of the co
2. Memorandum, circulars, special orders, etc;
3. Operations order, oral or written;

ommand;

4. Conference staff members;

5. Other report and inteligence documents;
6. Personal contact- It can be done by the use of telephone
visits, and debriefings.

7. Messages- This can be made by use of radio, ation

cation

messengers or couriers, or by rapid means or signal communicati

Criteria of Dissemination:

1. Timeliness

Timelines states that the information must be disseminated

on time.

2. Propriety

The message must be clear, concise and complete, as wel

as in the proper form for the receiver to readily understand is
contents. It must be disseminated to the correct user, presenteu
in a form that leads itself to immediate use and distributed uy
the most effective means appropriate to both time and secuiy
requirements.

Users of intelligence

1. National leaders and military commanders

Formulation and implementation of national policie

Page 55
2. Advisors and staff
Preparations of plans and estimates.

55

3. Friendly nations and other branches of armed forces.

4. Processor

Basis for evaluation and interpretation

Forms in disseminatinginformation

1. Spot Reports

These are reports used by all echelons to transmit

intelligence or information of immediate value. Since the

information or intelligence may have immediate and significant
impact on current planning and operations, speed of transmission
of spot report is essential. The spot report is afforded the most
expeditious transmission consistent with security requisite. No
format is prescribed for the spot report; the spot report should be
as much as practicable answer the question, when, where, who,
what, why and how (5 W's and 1 H).

2. Intelligence summary

This is the brief summary of information of intelligence

interest covering a period of time designated by the commande

The length of the period will vary depending on the desires of the
Commander.

3. Analysis of the area of operation

Area of operation is the detailed comprehensive study

With emphasis on people, weather, enemy and terrain (PWET).

4. Intelligence estimates

This is the logical and orderly examination of the

intelligence factors affecting the accomplishment of the mission.
t provides the commander with an analysis of the area of
Operations, enemy capacities that can influence his mission. It
provides the commander with the basis for planning operations
and for disseminating intelligence to his staft.