Interfaces

G A N E S H PA I
A S S T. P R O F E S S O R G D I I I
D E PA RT M E N T O F C S E
N M A M I T, N I T T E
Textbook
 Click to edit Master text styles
 Second level
 Third level
◦ Fourth level
◦ Fifth level

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 2

Overview of topics
 What is an Interface?
 Defining an interface
 Implementing interface
 Access method implementation through Interface reference
 Partial implementation of interface
 Nested interface
 Applying interfaces
 Inheriting interfaces / Extending interfaces
 Default interface method
 Static method in interface

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 3

Interfaces
What is an Interface?
Defining an interface
Implementing interface
Access method implementation
through Interface reference
Partial implementation of interface
Nested interface
Applying interfaces
Inheriting interfaces / Extending
interfaces
Default interface method
Static method in interface
Interfaces
 An abstract method specifies the interface to a method but
provides no implementation. Subclass must provide its own
implementation of each abstract method defined by its
superclass.
 Separation of class interface from its implementation is
done using interfaces.
 In an interface, no method (except default method) can
include a body
 Once an interface is defined, any number of classes can
implement it and give its own definition.
 One class can implement any number of interfaces.
 To implement an interface, the implementing class must
provide a body to the methods provided by the interface.
GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 4
What is an Interface?
 Consider a Keyboard Interface & its implementation

Computer Keyboard
Provide: Function keys,
Symbols, Alphanumeric,
Modifier keys, etc…

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 5

 Interface
Mobile Keyboard
Provide: Function keys,
Symbols, Alphanumeric,
Modifier keys, etc…

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 6

  Syntax
Interfaces Interface:
What is an Interface? access interface InterfaceName
{
Defining an interface
type final-var1 = value;
Implementing interface type final-var2 = value;
Access method implementation
// ...
through Interface reference type final-varN = value;
Partial implementation of interface
ret-type method-name1(param-list);
Nested interface ret-type method-name2(param-list);
Applying interfaces // ...
ret-type method-nameN (param-list);
Inheriting interfaces / Extending }
interfaces

Default interface method

Implementing Class:
Static method in interface access class ClassName
[extends superclassname]
[implements interface0 [,interface1[,...]] {
// class-body
}
Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 7
 Interface:
access interface InterfaceName

Defining an interface
{
type final-var1 = value;
type final-var2 = value;
// ...
type final-varN = value;
 access is either public or default. ret-type method-
name1(param-list);
 When declared as public name2(param-list);
ret-type method-

 interface can be used by any other code. // ...

ret-type method-nameN
(param-list);
 it must be in a file of the same name. }

Implementing Class:
 Interface name can be any valid identifier access class ClassName
[extends superclassname]
[implements interface0
 Methods declared are abstract methods [,interface1[,...]] {
// class-body
}
 Variables declared in an interface are not instance variables, but are public, final, and static and
must be initialized. They are essentially constants.

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 8


Interfaces
What is an Interface?
Defining an interface
Implementing interface
Access method implementation
through Interface reference
Partial implementation of interface
Nested interface
Applying interfaces
Inheriting interfaces / Extending
interfaces
Default interface method
Static method in interface
Interfaces
 Example - 1
interface Shape {
<<Shape>>
double PI = 3.14159;
double area();
} Circle Rectangle
class Circle implements Shape {
private double radius;
public double area() {
return PI * radius * radius;
}
}
class Rectangle implements Shape {
private double breadth, height;
public double area() {
return breadth * height;
}
}
GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 9
 interface Search {
 Example - 2 void search (int array[], int n, int key);
}

interface Sort {
<<Search>> <<Sort>> void sort (int array[], int n);
}

class LinearSearch implements Search {

public void search (int array[], int n, int key) {
LinearSearch BinarySearch //Linear Search Implementation
}
}

class BinarySearch implements Search, Sort { // Multiple Inheritance

public void search (int array[], int n) {
sort (array, n);
//Binary Search Algorithm
}
public void sort (int array[], int n) {
//Quick Sort Algorithm
}
Interfaces } GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 10
 public interface Direction { //Declaring constants through interface
int TOP = 0;
int RIGHT = 1;
int BOTTOM = 2;
 Example – 3: Constants int LEFT = 3;
}

class A implements Direction{

public void meth1(int direction) {
if(direction == TOP) // Using inherited interface constants
System.out.println(“TOP”);
else if(direction == BOTTOM) // Using inherited interface constants
System.out.println(“BOTTOM”);
…
}
}

class B {
public void meth1(int direction) {
if(direction == Direction.TOP) // Using interface constants
System.out.println(“TOP”);
else if(direction == Direction. BOOTTOM) // Using interface constants
System.out.println(“BOTTOM”);
…
}
}
Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 11
Interfaces
What is an Interface?
Defining an interface
Implementing interface
Access method implementation
through Interface reference
Partial implementation of interface
Nested interface
Applying interfaces
Inheriting interfaces / Extending
interfaces
Default interface method
Static method in interface
Interfaces
 Reference variable of an interface Shape {
double PI = 3.14159;
interface can be used to
hold the instance of its double area();
implementing class }
class Circle implements Shape {
private double radius;
public Circle(double r) { radius = r; }
public double area() {
return PI * radius * radius;
}
}
class Demo {
public static void main(String a[]) {
Shape c = new Circle(5);
System.out.println(“Area=“ + c.area());
}
}
GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 12
Interfaces
What is an Interface?
Defining an interface
Implementing interface
Access method implementation
through Interface reference
Partial implementation of interface
Nested interface
Applying interfaces
Inheriting interfaces / Extending
interfaces
Default interface method
Static method in interface
Interfaces
 If a class includes an interface but does not fully implement
the methods required by that interface, then that class
must be declared as abstract.
 Ex.: The Box class does not implement area() method.
Hence Box becomes an abstract class.
interface Shape {
double PI = 3.14159;
double area();
}
abstract class Box implements Shape {
private double length, breadth;
…
public double perimeter() {
return length * breadth;
}
}
GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 13
Interfaces
What is an Interface?
Defining an interface
Implementing interface
Access method implementation
through Interface reference
Partial implementation of interface
Nested interface
Applying interfaces
Inheriting interfaces / Extending
interfaces
 An interface can be declared a member of a class or
another interface. Such an interface is called a member
interface or a nested interface.
 A nested interface can be declared as public, private, or
protected.
 This differs from a top-level interface, which must either be
declared as public or use the default access level,
 When a nested interface is used outside of its enclosing
scope, it must be qualified by the name of the class or
interface of which it is a member.

Default interface method

Static method in interface

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 14

 Nested interface
 Click to editclass A { text styles
Master
public interface NestedIF {
 Second level boolean isNotNegative(int x);
 Third level }
}
◦ Fourth level
◦ Fifthclass
level
B implements A.NestedIF {
public boolean isNotNegative(int x)
{ return x < 0 ? False : true; }
}

class NestedIFDemo{
public static void main(String argv[])
{
A.NestedIF nif = new B();

if(nif.isNotNegative(10))
System.out.println(“10 is ! Negative”);
if(nif.isNotNegative(-12))
System.out.println(“this wont be displayed”);
}
}
Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 15

Interfaces
What is an Interface?
Defining an interface
Implementing interface
Access method implementation
through Interface reference
Partial implementation of interface
Nested interface
Applying interfaces
Inheriting interfaces / Extending
interfaces
Default interface method
Static method in interface
Interfaces
// Define an integer stack interface.
interface IntStack {
void push(int item); // store an item
}
int pop(); // retrieve an item
// An implementation of IntStack that uses fixed storage.
class FixedStack implements IntStack {
private int stck[];
private int tos;
FixedStack(int size) { // allocate and initialize stack
stck = new int[size];
tos = -1;
}
public void push(int item) { // Push an item onto the stack
if(tos==stck.length-1) // use length member
System.out.println("Stack is full.");
else
stck[++tos] = item;
}
public int pop() { // Pop an item from the stack
if(tos < 0) {
System.out.println("Stack underflow.");
return 0;
}
else
return stck[tos--];
}
} GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 16
 Applying interfaces
 Click to edit Master text
class IFTest { styles
public static void main(String args[]) {
 Second level
 Third level FixedStack mystack1 = new FixedStack(5);
FixedStack mystack2 = new FixedStack(8);
◦ Fourth level
// push some numbers onto the stack
◦ Fifth level for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
mystack1.push(i);
for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
mystack2.push(i);

// pop those numbers off the stack

System.out.println("Stack in mystack1:");
for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
System.out.println(mystack1.pop());

System.out.println("Stack in mystack2:");
for(int i=0; i<8; i++)
System.out.println(mystack2.pop());
}
}

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 17

Interfaces
What is an Interface?
Defining an interface
Implementing interface
Access method implementation
through Interface reference
Partial implementation of interface
 One interface can inherit another by use of the keyword
extends.
 The syntax is the same as for inheriting classes.
 When a class implements an interface that inherits another
interface, it must provide implementations for all methods
required by the interface inheritance chain.

Nested interface

Applying interfaces

Inheriting interfaces / Extending

interfaces

Default interface method

Static method in interface

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 18

Inheriting interfaces / // This class must implement all of A and B

Extending interfaces class MyClass implements B {

public void meth1() {

<<A>>
 Click to edit Master text styles System.out.println("Implement meth1().");
meth1(): void }
 Second level meth2(): void
 Third level public void meth2() {
◦ Fourth level System.out.println("Implement meth2().");
<<B>> }
◦ Fifth level meth3(): void
public void meth3() {
System.out.println("Implement meth3().");
MyClass }
}
// One interface can extend another.
interface A { class IFExtend {
void meth1(); public static void main(String arg[]) {
void meth2(); MyClass ob = new MyClass();
} ob.meth1();
ob.meth2();
// B now includes meth1() and meth2() -- it adds meth3(). ob.meth3();
interface B extends A { }
void meth3(); }
}
Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 19
End of Interfaces

Interfaces GANESH PAI, DEPT. OF CSE, NMAMIT, NITTE 24