ABAP Modularization

Modularization Techniques : - Subroutines
 If program contains several identical or similar

statements, you can avoid redundancy through the
use of subroutines.
 Subroutines improve the structure of your

program, and make it easier to read , Subroutines can
be called from various points in a program.
Simple Internal table
Executing Subroutine :- Perform Sub .
Declaring Subroutine : - Form Sub .
<statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….
Endform.
Subroutines are always declared at the end of program , Any
statement in between subroutines are not acceptable .
All ABAP statements should be declared above subroutine
declaration.
Write:/ ‘subroutines’.
Form SUB.
Allowed <statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….
Endform.
Write:/ ‘subroutines’.
Form SUB1.
Allowed
Endform.
 Subroutines are used in three different ways:
 The subroutine and its call are in the same ABAP program (internal call).
 The subroutine is in a different ABAP program (external call).
 The subroutine is a function module stored centrally in the Function

Builder.
Internal call Perform Sub .
Perform Sub(Program name).
External call Perform sub in program <Program name>

Global Data & Local data
data:m9 type i value 50.
Global Data : - write:/ m9.

Accepted through out
the program
perform sub4.
form sub4.
data : m5 type i.
Local Data : -
Accepted only inside m5 = 20.
the subroutine
write:/ m5 color 5.
endform.
 Data is transferred by using parameters :
 Declaration of subroutine through “Formal parameters".
 Call of a subroutine through “Actual parameters".

Formal parameters Actual parameters
Executing Subroutine :- Perform Sub using <n1> <n2>

changing <n3>
Declaring Subroutine : - Form Sub using <n1> <n2> . . . .
Changing <n3>
Endform.
Subroutine Methods:-
 3 Methods of subroutine :-
 Pass by value
 Pass by reference:
 Pass by value and result

Subroutine Methods:-
 Pass by value :- Copy of the value of the data variable is passed

to the formal parameter
 Pass by reference:- The formal parameters do not have a

separate storage location. Instead, the address of the actual parameter
is passed to the formal parameter. Changes to the value of the formal
parameter are immediately reflected back in the actual parameters.
 Pass by value and result :- At the end of the subroutine, the value
of the formal parameter is passed back to the actual parameter
assigned to it.
Subroutine pass by Reference :-
Perform Sub using <n1> <n2> changing <n3>
Form Sub using <n1> <n2> . . . . Changing <n3>
Endform.
Subroutine pass by Value :-
Perform Sub1 using <n1> <n2> changing <n3>
Form Sub1 using value(<n1>) value (<n2>) . . . . Changing <n3>
<n1> = <value>. <n2> = value.
Endform.
Subroutine pass by value and result :-
Perform Sub2 <n1> <n2> changing <n3>
Form Sub2 using value(<n1>) value(<n2>) . . . . Changing value(<n3>)
Endform.
Subroutine passing Internal table by reference :-
Perform Sub3 tables <internal table name> .
Form Sub3 tables <internal table name> structure

< internal table structure name >
Endform.
Example program for subroutine:-
Used for external

subroutine
OUTPUT :-
OUTPUT :-
Modularization Techniques : - Function Modules
Function Module :-
 Function modules are general purpose ABAP routines that

can be called from any ABAP program.
The benefits of function modules :-
• Reusability.
• Saves developers from creating redundant code.
• Increases programming efficiency
Function Group :-
Function Group :-
 Function groups are containers for function modules.
 Function modules are stored centrally in the Function

Builder as part of function groups.
The benefits of function Groups :-
• Function groups are collection of logically

related functions modules
• Each function group contains all the function modules

that perform similar tasks
Function Group :-
 Function modules have a clearly defined interface which is

defined when creating the function module.
 Five different interface parameter types are :-
 Import parameters
 Changing parameters
 Export parameters
 Tables parameters
 Exceptions parameters
Function Module interface parameters & Source code :-
Import Export Changing Tables Exceptions Source Code

Example program for Function Group Creation :-
Transaction Code :- SE37
Continued in Next Slide

Click Create Group

Click Save

Click Local object

Function Group
ZSAP_Group Saved

Click Inactive objects

Select Function Group

Select Function Group
Give function group

name:- ZSAP_GROUP
& Press Enter
Select Function Group,

Right Click ,
Click Activate
Press enter
or Click OK
Example program for Function Module Creation :-
Click Create

Click Save

Click Ok








Click Save

Click Local Object


Click Pattern &

Give function
Module name





End of Modularization

ABAP Modularization

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Modularization Techniques : - Subroutines

 If program contains several identical or similar

 Subroutines improve the structure of your

Executing Subroutine :- Perform Sub .

Declaring Subroutine : - Form Sub .

<statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….

Allowed <statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….

 Subroutines are used in three different ways:

 The subroutine is in a different ABAP program (external call).

 The subroutine is a function module stored centrally in the Function

Internal call Perform Sub .

Perform Sub(Program name).

External call Perform sub in program <Program name>

Global Data : - write:/ m9.

 Data is transferred by using parameters :

 Declaration of subroutine through “Formal parameters".

 Call of a subroutine through “Actual parameters".

Formal parameters Actual parameters

Executing Subroutine :- Perform Sub using <n1> <n2>

<statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….

 Pass by value and result

 Pass by value :- Copy of the value of the data variable is passed

 Pass by reference:- The formal parameters do not have a

Perform Sub using <n1> <n2> changing <n3>

Form Sub using <n1> <n2> . . . . Changing <n3>

<statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….

Perform Sub1 using <n1> <n2> changing <n3>

Form Sub1 using value(<n1>) value (<n2>) . . . . Changing <n3>

<n1> = <value>. <n2> = value.

<statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….

Perform Sub2 <n1> <n2> changing <n3>

Form Sub2 using value(<n1>) value(<n2>) . . . . Changing value(<n3>)

<statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….

Perform Sub3 tables <internal table name> .

Form Sub3 tables <internal table name> structure

<statement part > , <Calculation Part > …….

Used for external

 Function modules are general purpose ABAP routines that

The benefits of function modules :-

 Function groups are containers for function modules.

 Function modules are stored centrally in the Function

The benefits of function Groups :-

• Function groups are collection of logically

• Each function group contains all the function modules

 Function modules have a clearly defined interface which is

 Five different interface parameter types are :-

Function Module interface parameters & Source code :-

Import Export Changing Tables Exceptions Source Code

Transaction Code :- SE37

Continued in Next Slide

Click Create Group

Continued in Next Slide

Continued in Next Slide

Click Local object

Continued in Next Slide

Continued in Next Slide

Click Inactive objects

Continued in Next Slide

Select Function Group

Select Function Group

Give function group

Select Function Group,