The List of Problem in Philosophy of Science:

• Methodological Problem
• Problem Arbitrariness
• Is there a mind independent reality world?
• Can we know something about the world?
• Does language refer to the world?
• Are statement true or false mind independent
reality?
• Can we develop methods to pursue the truth?
• Are there (objective) values?
• Ontological: subjective idealism, phenomenalism,
solipsism, radical constructivism (e.g., Berkeley)
• Epistemological: skepticism
• Semantic: nonrealist theories of truth, e.g., epistemic
concepts of truth (e.g., Putnam in the 1980s)
• Methodological: conceptions of scientific progress as
increasing problem-solving ability (e.g., Kuhn, Laudan);
instrumentalist views on scientific theories as mere
instruments for the prediction and control of observable
phenomena
• Axiological: non-cognitivist conceptions of the aims and
goals of science (e.g., instrumentalism)
Revolusi Ilmiah
• Revolusi Ptolemian
• Revolusi Kopernikan
• Revolusi Baconian
• Revolusi Cartesian
• Revolusi Newtonian
• Revolusi Darwinian
• Revolusi Freudian
• Revolusi Einsteinian
Rasionalisme
• Rene Descartes
• Rasionalisme
• Cartesian Method
• Method of Doubt
• Res cogitan res extenza
• Dualisme cartesian
• Justifikasi
• Meditation
• Analitik Apriori
• Koherensi
• Deduksi
• Mathematic
• Cartesian coordinates
• Analytical Geometry
• Konteks Gereja Katolik
• Monarki Absolut
• Christendom

• Subjektivisme
Empirisisme
• Francis Bacon
• Natural Philosophy
• Empirisisme
• Induksi
• Korespodensi
• Metode saintifik
• Novum organum
• Idola mentis
• Philosophical logic
• Objektivisme
Positivisme
• Auguste comte
• Positivisme
• Positivisme sosial
• Pendekatan naturalistik
• Observasi
• Hukum tiga tahapan
• Pendekatan historis
• Evolusi sosial
• Altruisme
Positivisme Logis
• Bertrand Russell –Ludwig Wittgenstein – Alfred Jules Ayer
• Positivisme
• Postivisme logis
• Verifikasi
• Proper name
• aRb
• Atomisme logis
• Isomorfi, struktur logis dunia = struktur logis bahasa
• Metode piktorial
• Posisi positif keberadaan
• Pengenalan
• Mathematic
• Logika simbolik
• Linguistic
• Notasi matematik untuk sintaksis
Realisme
• Karl Popper – Thomas Kuhn – Imre Lakatos
• Realisme
• Falsifikasi
• Evolusi trial and error
• Pergeseran paradigma
• Jejaring teori lintas disiplin
• Rasionalisme kritis
• Historisisme