NIE INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
#50, Koorgalli Village, Hootagalli Industrial Area, Next to BEML, Mysuru – 570018

Enhancement of Monochromatic
Images using Fourier Transforms

PRESENTED BY: UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

DHANUSH GOWDA H M (4NN19EE004) DR. SANDEEP KUMAR J
DILEEP B (4NN19EE005) ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
SUPREET P A (4NN19EE021) DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
NIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED ON: 29/07/2023

 INTRODUCTION
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
Image enhancement refers to accentuation or sharpening of image features
such as edges, boundaries, or contrast to make a graphic display more useful for
display and analysis.

Image enhancement processes consist of a collection of techniques that seeks to

improve the visual appearance of an image or convert the image to a form better
suited version of the original image for analysis by human or machine.

Image enhancement includes gray level and contrast manipulation, noise

reduction, edge crispening and sharpening, filtering, interpolation and
magnification, pseudo-coloring, and so on.

The enhancement process does not increase the inherent information content in
the data rather it increases the dynamic range of chosen features so that they can
be detected easily.
 PROBLEM FORMULATION
There are many areas where there is need of image enhancement. A few of them are:
• Satellites have limited hardware capabilities. Their design usually includes 1 image sensor equipped with
multiple filters.
• Each filter is designed to support the sensing of a bandwidth of frequencies .
• Multiple exposures have to be performed on a single object to get an image containing data of the entire
frequency spectrum.
• These hardware limitations also leads to inefficient computing capabilities.
 PROBLEM FORMULATION
• In Bio-medical imaging models such as FMRI, there are many instances where the images constructed are not accurate.
• These in accuracies may be
• low contrast,
• flash point blurs,
• motion blurs
• image noise.
 OBJECTIVE

In this project, we are conducting the “Enhancement of Monochromatic Images using

Fourier Transforms”
using “Frequency domain image enhancement techniques”
to modify the sharpness, softness and dynamic range of any given monochromatic
image,
without causing a decline in the resolution of the image.
 FLOW DIAGRAM
WORKFLOW FOR FREQUENCY DOMAIN IMAGE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES
Fc N

FILTER

H(u,v)

APPLY FFT TO APPLY INVERSE FFT TO

CONVERT IMAGE SHIFTING
F(u,v) SHIFTING TO CONVERT IMAGE
FROM SPATIAL
F₁(u,v) Y(u,v)=F1(u,v) H(u,v) Y(u,v) BACK TO Y₁(u,v)
OUTPUT IMAGE
INPUT IMAGE ORIGIN FROM FREQUENCY
DOMAIN TO ORIGINAL
DOMAIN TO SPATIAL
FREQUENCY DOMAIN ORIENTATION
DOMAIN
RESULTS OF BUTTERWORTH HIGH PASS FILTER
CUT-OFF FREQUENCY=60 N=1 N=2 N=3
ORDER OF FILTER

SURFACE PLOT OF
FILTER

FFT OF ORIGINAL IMAGE

NORMALIZED
IMAGE

ORIGINAL
(SIZE:154,358
IMAGE
BYTES) HIGH PASS IMAGE

H(u, v)=

TRANSFER FUNCTION OF BHPF 4879 bytes

FILE SIZE 2593 bytes 1454 bytes
RESULTS OF BUTTERWORTH LOW PASS FILTER
CUT-OFF FREQUENCY=40 N=1 N=2 N=3
ORDER OF FILTER

SURFACE PLOT OF
FILTER

FFT OF ORIGINAL IMAGE

NORMALIZED
IMAGE

ORIGINAL
IMAGEBYTES)
(SIZE:89,899
LOW PASS IMAGE

H(u, v)=

TRANSFER FUNCTION OF BLPF FILE SIZE 64912 bytes 62752 bytes 62670 bytes
 RESULTS
180000

FOR A CONSTANT
CUT-OFF
160000
FREQUENCY

140000

120000

100000
FILE SIZE

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
Original image N=1 N=2 N=3

BHPF BLPF

ORDER OF FILTER
 RESULTS
80000

FOR A CONSTANT
ORDER OF FILTER
70000

60000

50000

40000
FILE SIZE

30000

20000

10000

0
D0=30 D0=40 D0=50 D0=60 D0=70

BHPF BLPF

CUT-OFF
FREQUENCY
 CONCLUSION

By this project, it is evident that “Enhancement of Monochromatic images using Fourier

Transforms”
by “Frequency domain image enhancement techniques”
Is efficiently used to enhance the visual appearance, image features like edges and fine
details, soften and effectively denoise the high frequency noises in the image.