UNDERSTANDIN

G CCTV
CAMERA-
PAN, TILT,
ZOOM CAMERA
MECHANISM

GROUP MEMBERS –

UTKARSH SHARMA
RAHUL CHAUHAN
SONY RAGHVENDRAM
SAUMYA KATIYAR
SHREYA MAHAUR
INTRODUCTION

• Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a system where the circuit in which the
video is transmitted is closed and all the elements (camera, display monitors,
recording devices) are directly connected).

• CCTV comprises of Camera, Wires, Monitoring screen, Recorder and

combination of which is called CCTV. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is the
use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place on a limited set of
monitors.

• It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted
though it may employ point to point, point to multipoint or mesh wireless
links.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-circuit_television
ELEMENTS OF CCTV
SYSTEM-

1. Camera

2. Lens

3. Monitor unit

4. DVR/NVRCable (Coaxial / Ethernet)

5. Storage devices and DC power supply

(12V)
BENEFITS OF CCTV CAMERA

• Maintaining security in restricted or secure areas such as homes and

financial institutions.
• Building and ground security.
• Observing behavior of people within a given setting such as
workplace, prisons or hospitals.
• Crime prevention and detection.
• Traffic monitoring .
• Overseeing location that would be hazardous to a human.

https://mivanta.com/Blog/2019/09/Type-of-CCTV-Cameras
APPLICATIONS OF CCTV
• Maintaining perimeter security in medium- to high-secure areas and installations.

• Observing behavior of incarcerated inmates and potentially dangerous patients in

medical facilities.
• Traffic monitoring.

• Overseeing locations that would be hazardous to a human, for example, highly

radioactive or toxic industrial environments.
• Building and grounds security.

• Used by the stage manager of a show to see obscured parts of a set.

• The well-publicised use at football stadiums.

• Hidden in buses to control vandalism.

• Aerial photography from a hot air balloon.

• Production control in a factory.

TYPES OF CCTV
SYSTEM
1. Wired CCTV System-
• connected by a cable for power source and the internet
both.
• wired cameras use wires to transmit their footage.

2. Wireless CCTV System-

• connected to the internet over Wi-Fi, and for power
source connected to a cable.
• Wireless cameras can be powered by AC power (such
as a normal household outlet) or by batteries. When
powered by batteries, a wireless camera becomes a
wire-free camera
TYPES OF CCTV CAMERAS

1. Indoor Camera
2. Outdoor Camera
3. Night-vision Camera
4. Dome Camera
5. Bullet Camera
6. Pan Tilt Zoom (PTZ) Camera
7. Hidden Camera
8. IP CAMERA
1. DOME CCTV CAMERA
Named because of dome-shaped casing that the camera sits in. the dome
casing makes it really difficult for people to see which direction the camera is
pointing. This creates an air of uncertainty for potential thieves or vandals
approaching from all directions.

Main Benefits

• Unobtrusive design means it’s easy to fit

• Suitable for indoor and outdoor use
• Vandal resistant dome means it is harder to interfere with the camera
• 360-degree rotation of the camera so you can cover all angles
• best type of CCTV camera for shops, restaurants, hotels and
other hospitality businesses because the design allows you to monitor a
wider angle at your premises. Many also consider this option to be the best
indoor CCTV camera as it can be placed on a strategic point of the ceiling
to cover all angles of the room without being intrusive in design.
2. BULLET CCTV CAMERAS
Bullet CCTV cameras are cylindrical in shape and are capable of
observing long distances. Mainly placed outdoors so their casings
are made resistant to water, dust and dirt

Main benefits

• Highly visible so acts as a deterrent to criminals

• Resistant to dirt in challenging environments
• Provides surveillance over long distances
• can be used to good effect in a range of industries such as
manufacturing, property management and farming. They not
only record good quality pictures but also send out a message
to passers-by that your premises is under surveillance.
3. C-MOUNT CCTV CAMERAS
These are the ideal for adapting the field of vision. They are equipped
with detachable lenses that can be switched around to monitor varying
distances. C-Mount cameras are typically bulky so, like bullet cameras,
act as a visible deterrent to criminal activity.

Main benefits

• Special lenses can be fitted to the camera to extend its range beyond
40 feet
• Highly visible appearance
• Rugged camera casing can be added to protect the camera in cold
environments
• Weatherproof housing makes it ideal for outdoor use

Uses

• ideal for observing a stretch of road on the approach to your

premises . So popular in the utilities and logistics industries.
• Used in the food and manufacturing industries ,due to the camera’s
reliability in extreme temperatures.
4. DAY/NIGHT CCTV CAMERAS
They are built specifically to operate effectively, regardless of how well lit their
environment is. During both daytime and night-time, they will record clear video
images that will not be obscured by differing light conditions. This is achieved
through their extra sensitive imaging chips.

Main Benefits

• Clear recording in low light

• They usually record in both colour and black and white
• Can function despite glare, direct sunlight, reflections and poor lighting
• Casing protects the camera against the elements for outside surveillance

Uses

suited to outside use because the extra sensitive imaging of both day and night
imaging modes.
ideal CCTV system for business premises that require around the clock CCTV
monitoring in an outdoor environment with varying light conditions.
5. PTZ (Pan Tilt & Zoom) CAMERA
With a PTZ (Pan Tilt & Zoom) camera, your security team can have complete control
over what is recorded. At the touch of a button, the camera lens can pan left and right, tilt
up and down or zoom in and out. Ideal for if a security guard who is monitoring a live
video feed on site.

Main benefits

• Optical zoom on these cameras means you can focus closely in on subjects
• Pan and tilt feature provides 360 degree field of vision
• Image resolution is usually impeccable so facial features can be distinguished
• Security team have full control of recording and can react to live situations

Uses

• This camera is for remote viewing.

• Used in large retail environments and is best in business premises that have a specific
valuable object to protect.
• example, a museum could program the camera to pan to a particular entry or exit
point when it detects movement. So even when it is not being controlled remotely, the
camera can cover a much larger area and do the same job of several static cameras.
6. Infrared / Night Vision CCTV Cameras
designed to operate optimally in pitch black conditions using infrared
technology. Infrared models are more expensive than day/night cameras.

Main Benefits

• Infrared LEDs allow clear recording even in pitch black environments

• An infrared cut filter activates in the daytime for clear images in lighter
conditions
• Can capture images even in the presence of fog, dust or smoke
• Records color imagery in the daytime and black and white at night

Uses

• Used for night vision functionality.

• Used for ultra-reliable recording in complete darkness.
• example, banks, farms and manufacturing plants.
7. Network / IP CCTV Cameras
share live footage across the internet so images can be easily accessed
from anywhere on the globe. The bandwidth of the video is
compressed, in order to make the online feed reliable.
Archive footage is stored on network video recorders (NVRs) or on
secure software for later access.

MAIN BENEFITS

• Footage can be viewed online from anywhere in the world

• Easily accessible archive footage
• Easy setup as co axial cables and a computer station are not required
• Low maintenance

USES

Used by business owners who are often away from site and on the
move. Footage can be viewed from anywhere in the world, via a smart
device such as a PC, laptop or mobile phone.
PAN, TILT AND ZOOM CAMERA (PTZ)

PTZ camera (Pan-tilt-zoom camera) is a camera that supports

remote control of direction (panning and tilting) and zooming
(increasing and decreasing).

You can get a cheap PTZ camera for only around $200. But you can
also spend around $10,000 per camera.
( approx. 15000 inr)
ADVANTAGES OF PTZ CAMERA
• Large Field of View- PTZ cameras are used to monitor a large area, and
often recommended to use in conjunction with a fixed camera to avoid
gaps in coverage. Depending on the model, cameras can move anywhere
between zero pan/tilt and the full 360 degree pan/180 degree tilt.

• Motion-Based Auto Tracking- Auto tracking is a function that enables

PTZ cameras to adjust their field of view to follow moving objects
automatically. The use case for this function is typically best applied in
quiet areas with minimal movement (for example, a museum after
closing).

https://senstar.com/senstarpedia/advantages-of-ptz-cameras/
 ADVANTAGES OF PTZ CAMERA

• Time-Based Auto Scan- PTZ cameras can be configured with auto-pilot

to scan pre-defined areas and move in patterns (tours). Preset positions can
be programmed to change positions based on time.
• Remote Camera Control- Conventional PTZ cameras can be manually
and remotely adjusted to track suspicious activity. This allows users to
change the camera’s field of view without having to go onsite.
• Zoom Capabilities- Most PTZ cameras support optical zoom, which is
used to view and capture faraway objects like license plates or faces.
Optical zoom (ie: 20x, 30x, 40x) refers to the maximum focal length
divided by the minimum focal length - the larger the number, the further
the zoom.

ROMOTE CONTROL CAMERA

https://senstar.com/senstarpedia/advantages-of-ptz-cameras/
DISADVANTAGES OF PTZ CAMERA

• Limited View – PTZ cameras have limited coverage, as they cannot record areas
the camera isn’t specifically looking at. They do not pan, tilt or zoom automatically
to cover potential gaps in surveillance unless manually programmed with specific
settings beforehand – leaving an opening for intruders who may slip by unnoticed.

• Shorter Lifespan - PTZ cameras are more expensive and less durable than fixed
solutions. They have a higher failure rate because they contain many moving parts
for pan, tilt, and zoom functionality.

• Surveillance Blindspot - Since PTZ camera movements are often preset, this can
lead to blindspots if left unattended. Surveillance blindspot are almost unavoidable
even when PTZ cameras are manned by security staff. It’s challenging to have all
fields of view (FOV) covered.

https://senstar.com/senstarpedia/disadvantages-of-ptz-cameras/
DISADVANTAGES OF PTZ CAMERA

• High Cost - Using a fisheye camera for surveillance can give you the coverage
you require at the lowest possible cost.

• Latency Sensitivity - Control or command latency could be a problem in PTZ

cameras, especially if they are a long distance from their control center
(increasing lag time).

• High Risk of Malfunction - Mechanical or human install or control errors can

lead to legal ramifications. It’s essential to install PTZ cameras properly to ensure
their proper function, especially in unpredictable weather conditions.

https://senstar.com/senstarpedia/disadvantages-of-ptz-cameras/
WHERE PTZ CAMERAS ARE COMMONLY
USED
• The placement of the camera is crucial to eliminating blind spots, which is a common issue with the PTZ.
• In television production, PTZ controls are used with professional video cameras in television studios, sporting
events, and other spaces. They are commonly referred to as robos, an abbreviation of robotic camera
• Guard stations
• Supermarkets
• Airports
• Churches
• Museums
• Construction Sites
• Large outdoor areas
TYPES OF PTZ CAMERA

1. PTZ IP Camera

2. PTZ POE Camera

3. PTZ Analog Camera

4. Outdoor PTZ Camera

5. Wireless PTZ Camera

 PTZ IP CAMERA

• PTZ internet protocol (IP) cameras can be deployed via WiFi or Power over
Ethernet (PoE). Compared to traditional analog PTZ cameras
• WiFi PTZ Camera: WiFi PTZ cameras connect wirelessly to a router
without a hardwired connection. (However, they still require a power
source.)
• A strong WiFi connection is also recommended to prevent
issues with lag and video quality.

PTZ PoE Camera

• A PoE camera uses an Ethernet cable that plugs into a PoE switch to receive
power and an internet connection. It generally has a connection distance much
more powerful than WiFi.

https://www.networkwebcams.co.uk/blog/2008/07/08/pan-tilt-zoom-ptz/
 PTZ ANALOG CAMERA-

• Analog (CCTV) PTZ cameras use an analog video signal to capture

surveillance footage, and are wired to digital video recorders (DVRs)
via coaxial cables. Analog PTZ security cameras typically cannot
transmit video data on their own and require a DVR to support
converting, compressing, and saving footage.

OUTDOOR PTZ CAMERA-

• PTZ cameras that are deployed outdoors must be able to withstand

more extreme temperatures and weather conditions. They’re
typically encased in a weatherproof exterior with an IP rating that
indicates adequate protection against natural elements.

https://eocortex.com/support/cctv-glossary/ptz-pan-tilt-zoom
WIRELESS PTZ CAMERA-

• In cases where the installer is unable to run video cables,

wireless PTZ cameras are able to transmit video wirelessly.
Typically this is done through WiFi, although transmitter
sets can be used to convert analog signals. Wireless PTZ
cameras are typically deployed for long-distance outdoor
monitoring where it’s difficult or expensive to run cabling.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org
COMPONENT OF PTZ CAMERA

• They include –

• Motor
• Lenses
• Image sensor
• audio / visual connections.

• Can be controlled through variety of IP control

options .

• Allow Wi-Fi connectivity with devices like

smartphones.
MOTORS

• Step motor or electromagnetic motors are used in the PTZ

cameras .
• The step(teeth) motor are more précised movement then the
electromagnetic one.
• Other motor can be belt-drive, direct-drive, and brushless
motors.
• Motors vary in quality and depending on the camera model
you choose.
• One can find different specifications for how quickly the
camera stops and the accuracy of controls when a stop
command is issued.
• Other differences in motor quality can affect the noise levels.
• For example, a BRC-X1000 can pan 0.3 ° to 60 ° in one second.

What is a PTZ Camera (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) | Pros, Cons, Overview (verkada.com)

LENSES

• The lens on a PTZ camera determines the field of view and

optical zoom.
• The field of view represents the width of the camera image.
• A wide field of view is usually considered anything greater than
70 degrees.
• Lenses that offer a wide field of view cannot also offer a large
amount of optical zoom.
• On the flip side, lenses that offer high levels of optical zoom are
not usually able to offer fields of view as wide.
• When the lens moves, the image produced by the lens changes
without digitally pixelating the image.
• The lens can “Zoom In” or “Zoom Out” to change the light that
shines onto the camera’s image sensor.
• In general, a 3X zoom is considered to be a low amount of zoom,
and 30X optical zoom is on the high end.
PTZ CAMERA IMAGE SENSORS

• It converts the light coming through the lens into a usable digital
image.
• As light from the lens hits the image sensor, that light is
converted into the digital pixels that make up the “picture” you
see.
• The size of the image sensor is one of the most important factors
to consider regarding image quality.
• Although there are many different types of camera image
sensors, the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
(CMOS) sensor has become one of the most popular sensors in
cameras today.
• CMOS technology has become popular in smartphones, digital
camcorders, and PTZ cameras alike.
• CMOS sensors allow each pixel of the digital image to be read
individually.
• CMOS sensors perform well with a variety of settings applied to
the image such as contrast, brightness, luminance, dynamic
range control, backlighting, and more.
PTZ CAMERA INFRARED SENSORS

• Most PTZ cameras that are designed for video communications

include some sort of infrared (IR) control option.
• IR remote controls come standard with these cameras to provide
a quick and easy way to wirelessly control the camera.
• Most PTZ cameras feature an IR sensor that can be used to
receive the signal from the included IR remote from roughly 25-
35 feet away from the camera.
PAN-TILT MECHANISM FOR PTZ CAMERAS
• e pan-tilt mechanism controls the horizontal and vertical
direction of the camera system. The speed of motion and
accuracy defines the performance. The further away you
want to view an area,
the more precision you need.
• There are two types of pan-tilt drive mechanisms. One type
uses belts while others use gears, which is more precise.
• The pan-tilt mechanism may also include position sensors that
make sure the mechanism reaches the exact location
required. With the right control system, it can be positioned to
0.01 degrees of accuracy.
• The speed of motion required depends on what you want to
see. If you plan to track a ship at sea, or maybe a truck moving
down a road, you may be able to use a system that moves
about 12-degrees per second. Tracking faster moving objects is
much more difficult, and you may need a state-of-the-art high
speed and higher cost mechanism. The maximum speed of the
pan-tilt mechanism depends on the motor system and the
camera system’s weight.
For example, the XNP-8300RW PTZ camera from Hanwha pans up to
500-degrees/sec.
THANK
YOU