Basic concepts

Statements and expressions

 Expressions
An expression is a statement that can convey a
value.
Some of the most common expressions are
mathematical, such as in the following source
code example
int x = 3;
int y = x;
 Statements
Statements are roughly equivalent to sentences
in natural languages.
The following types of expressions can be made
into a statement by terminating the expression
with a semicolon (;).
// assignment statement
●
aValue = 8933.234;
 Comments
The java comments are statements that are not
executed by the compiler and interpreter.
The comments can be used to provide
information or explanation about the variable,
method, class or any statement.
It can also be used to hide program code for
specific time.
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There are 3 types of comments in java.

Single Line Comment

Multi Line Comment
Documentation Comment
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Single line comment:
Single line comment begins with // and ends at
the end of the line.
Multi line comment
Multi line comment begins with /* and ends with */
that spans multiple lines.
 Document comment
Documentation style comments begin with /** and
terminate with */ and that spans multiple lines.
(Note that documentation comment starts with /**
whereas multi line comment start with /* )
Javadoc program uses this documentation
comments to generate HTML pages of API
documentation from Java source code files.
 Data types and literals
Data types
A variable's data type indicates what sort of value
the variable represents, such as
whether it is an integer, a floating-point number,
or a character.
 Data types Continue..
There are two data types available in Java:
Primitive Data Types
Reference/Object Data Types
 Primitive Data Types:
There are eight primitive data types supported by
Java. Primitive data types are
predefined by the language and named by a
keyword.
The following primitive data type are:
-byte, short, char,int, long, Boolean,float,double
 Reference Data Types:
Reference variables are created using defined
constructors of the classes.
●
They are used to access objects.
●
These variables are declared to be of a specific
type that cannot be changed. For example,
Employee, Puppy etc.
●
Class objects and various types of array
 Java Literals:
Any constant value which can be assigned to the
variable is called as literal/constant.
// Here 100 is a constant/literal.
int x = 100;
 Operators
An operator is a symbol that represents a specific
action.
1. Arithmetic
There are five operators used to accomplish
basic arithmetic in Java. These are shown in
Table
 Relational operator:
Are used to compare two or more objects
Example
> greater than, < less than
>= greater than or equal
<= less than or equal
== equal
 Compound assignmnet Operator:
Join arithment operator and assignmanet
operator:
example *=, -=, +=, /=, %=
 Logical operator:
Return true or false based on the sate of the
variables
&& and,
|| or NOT
conditional OR, exclusive OR
 Variable
variable Is a name location that store a changed
value
syntax:
datatype variableName;
Example
Int x;
 Initialize
Used to assign either value or expression to the
variable
Example
variableName = value;
variableName = Expression;
Int x = 2;
Int x = a + b;
 Constant
is a variable whose value cannot change once it
has been assigned.
Note
To define a variable as a constant, we just need to
add the keyword “final” in front of the variable
declaration.
Syntax
final float pi = 3.14;
 Identifiers
Identifiers are the names of variables, methods,
classes, packages and interfaces.
Rules for identifiers:
They must begin with a letter of the alphabet, an
underscore, or ( _ ), or a dollar sign ($).
Example
$x or _x
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identifier may also contain letters and the digits 0
to 9
Example
x0123
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No spaces or special characters are allowed.
Example
String x _123
They are case-sensitive
Example
int x and int X are case-sensitive
 Identifiers Continue...
Note
You cannot use a java keyword (reserved word)
for an identifier
Common Java keywords include
abstract, assert, boolean, break, byte, case,
catch, char, class, const, continue, default, do,
for, while, switch, this and int.
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