Philippine Literary History

from Pre -colonial to the

Contemporary

Prepared by: CHESKA L. DATUIN

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 Pre-colonial period
● is the literature of a formative past by the
various groups of people who inhabited the
archipelago. A literature of varying human
interest, close to the religious and political
organizations of the ancient Filipinos. The
verses were addressed to the ears rather
than the eyes. These verses composed and
sung were regarded as group property.
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 LITERARY
PERIODS
● Pre Colonial Period (1520)
● Spanish Colonization Period (1565-1863)
● Nationalistic Or Propaganda And Revolutionary Period (1864-1896)
● American Colonization Period (1910-1945)
● Japanese Colonization (1942-1944)
● Contemporary /Modernism Period (Period Of The New Society 1972- 1980)
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 RIDDLES
1. What can fill a room but doesn’t take up space?
ANS: LIGHT

2. If you speak its name, you break it.

ANS: SILENCE
3. How many months have 28 days?
ANS: ALL

4. What word is spelled wrong in the dictionary?

ANS: WRONG
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 01 Pre Colonial Period Literary Forms
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 EPIC
● The Tagalog word for 'epic' is epiko from the Spanish. Philippine epics
are lengthy narrative poems based on oral tradition. The verses were
chanted or sung while being passed from generation to generation
before being written on paper. The plots of their stories revolve around
supernatural events and heroic deeds.

LUZON-
 HUDHUD (IFUGAO)
WESTERN VISAYAS
 (HINILAWOD)
MINDANAO
 ( DARANGAN/DARANGEN OF MARANAO)- recognized by UNESCO
as Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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 02 Spanish Colonization Literary Forms
1. NON SECULAR (RELIGIOUS LITERATURE)
- PASYON-NARATIBONG TULA SA BUHAY NI KRISTO(PAGKAPANGANAK-
PAGPAKO SA KRUS
- SENAKULO- PANDULAANG BERSYON NG PASYON

2. SECULAR (NON-RELIGIOUS LITERATURE)

- AWIT- 12 PANTIG/ KAPANI PANIWALA ANG KWENTO/ FLORANTE AT LAURA
- KORIDO- 8 PANTIG/ MALAPANTASYA/ ANG IBONG ADARNA
- PROSE NARRATIVES- DESCRIBES IMPORTANT IN LIFE EITHER REAL OR
FANTASY
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 03 Nationalistic Or Propaganda and Revolutionary Period
Literary Forms
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 The Propaganda Movement (1872-1892) was the first Filipino nationalist
movement, led by a Filipino elite and inspired by the protonationalist
activism of figures such as José Burgos and by his execution at the
hands of colonial authorities.

 Propaganda period is a turning point in our Philippine literary

journey. This period marked the beginning of the awakening of
our sense of nationalism. The seeds of liberty, equality, and
fraternity are well starting to germinate from the many failures
experienced by the early waves of armed insurrections which were
largely self-contained, isolated and doomed from the start. The
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adage, “the pen is mightier than the sword” will be pitted to

good use here, too.
 What is the Propaganda period?
 Propaganda period was a period of Philippine history and literature when the “Ilustrados”
(intellectual indios) started calling for reforms, equality and improvement which lasted
approximately from 1868 to 1898 although most of their activities happened between 1880-
1895.

 The propaganda movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like
Rizal, del Pilar, Lopez-Jaena, Ponce and among others. There were also other writers and
persons who, through peaceful means, advocated for reforms such as:

 To get equal treatment for the Filipinos and the Spaniards under the law.
 To make the Philippines a province of Spain.
 To restore Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
 To “Filipinize” the parishes.
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 To give the Filipinos freedom of speech, of the press, assembly and for redress of
grievances.
 Jose Rizal (The National Hero)
 His full name is Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo y Realonda.
 He was born June 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna.
 He studied at Ateneo, UST, Universidad Central de Madrid, Univ. of Berlin,
Univ. of Leipzig, and Univ. of Heidelberg.
 Executed by musketry on Dec. 30, 1896 with charges
of sedition and rebellion.
 Pen names include Dimasalang, Laong-Laan and P. Jacinto.
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  Noli Me Tangere – the novel that exposed the evils in society.
 El Filibusterismo – the sequel of Noli which exposed the evils in the government and in the church.
 Mi Ultimo Adios – a poem written by Rizal in his prison cell in Fort Bonifacio.
 Sobre La Indolencia de los Filipinos (On the Indolence of the Filipinos) – an essay defending the
Filipinos on the accusation of laziness of the Filipinos and the evaluation of the reasons behind it.
 Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años (The Philippines within a Century) – an essay predicting the future
colonizer of the Philippines is America.
 La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) – a prize-winning poem dedicated to the Filipino Youth.
 El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods) – an allegorical play manifesting his admiration
for Cervantes.
 Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig River) – an idyll he wrote when he was 14 years old.
 Sa aking mga Kababata (To my fellow children) – a poem he wrote when he was 8 years old.
 Me Piden Versos (They asked me for Verses) – written as requested by his compatriots during a
reunion of Filipino expatriates.
 A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) – written while he was studying at the
Univ. of Heidelberg. It shows Rizal’s depth of emotion in outpouring his love of his native land.
 Notas a la Obra Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas for El Dr. Antonio de Morga (Notes on Philippine
Events by Dr. Antonio de Morga) 1889.
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 P. Jacinto: Memorias de Un Estudiante de Manila (P. Jacinto: Memoirs of a Manila Student) 1882.

 Diario de Viaje de Norte America (Diary of a Voyage to North America)
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar (The Consummate
Journalist/Propagandist)
 He used pen names such as Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping
Dilat, and Dolores Manapat.
 He attended Colegio de San Jose and UST and took up Law.
 He established Diariong Tagalog where he exposed the evils
of Spanish Government.
 He succeeded Lopez-Jaena as editor of La Solidaridad, the
official newspaper of Propaganda Movement.
 To escape Spanish wrath, he self-exiled in Barcelona, Spain,
where he died of tuberculosis.
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 His major works include:
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country) – he translated Rizal’s Amor Patria.
Kaiingat Kayo (Be Careful) – a humorous and sarcastic dig in response to Fr. Jose
Rodriguez’s attack on the Noli of Rizal.
Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes) – similar to catechism but sarcastically done
against the parish priests.
Ang Cadaquilaan ng Dios (God’s Goodness) – it contains a philosophy of the power
and intelligence of God.
Sagot ng Espanya sa Hibik ng Pilipinas (Answer of Spain on the Plea of the
Filipinos) – a poem pleading for change from Spain but that Spain is already weak and
old to grant any aid to the Philippines.
Dupluhan, dalit, mga Bugtong (A poetical contest in narrative sequence, psalms,
riddles) – a compilation of poems on the oppression by the priests in the Philippines
La Soberania en Filipinas (Sovereignty in the Philippines) – shows the injustices of the
friars to the Filipinos.
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Por Telefono (By Telephone).

Pasiong Dapat Ipag-aalab ng Puso ng Taong Babasa (Passion that should Arouse the
Hearts of the Readers).
 Graciano Lopez-Jaena (The Greatest Orator)
 He wrote 100 speeches in Spanish, and published by
Remigio Garcia.
 He escaped to Valencia, Spain to avoid arrest due to his
“Fray Botod.”
 Moved to Barcelona, Spain and established La
Solidaridad, as its 1st Editor-in-Chief.
 The La Soli became the official paper of the Associacion
Hispano de Filipinas, and the official newspaper of
Propaganda Movement.
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 His major works include:
Ang Fray Botod – he exposed some of the friars were greedy, ambitious and immoral.
La Hija del Fraile (The Child of the Friar) and
Everything is Hambug (Everything is a mere Show) – here he explains the tragedy of marrying a
Spaniard.
Sa mga Pilipino – a speech aimed to improve the condition of the Filipinos to become free and
progressive.
Talumpating Paggunita kay Columbus – speech he delivered in Madrid on the anniversary of the
discovery of America.
En honor del Presidente Morayta de la Associacion Hispano Filipino – he praises Gen. Morayta
for his equal treatment of the Filipinos.
En honor de los Artistas Luna y Resurrecion-Hidalgo – a sincere expression of praise for the
paintings of Hidalgo on the condition of the Filipinos under Spain.
El Bandolerismo en Filipinas (Banditry in the Philippines) – he refuted the existence of banditry
in the Phils. and how laws and reforms were needed.
Honor en Filipinas (Honor in the Philippines) – the triumphant exposition of Luna, Resurrecion,
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and Pardo de Tavera.

Pag-alis sa Buwis sa Pilipinas (Abolition of Taxes in the Philippines).
Institucion ng Pilipinas (Sufferings of the Philippines).
 Antonio Luna (The pharmacist, writer and general)
 A pharmacist who was banished by the Spaniards to Spain
 He became contributor of La Soli
 His pen name was Tagailog
 He wrote about Filipino customs and how Spain mismanaged the Philippines.
 He became a general of the revolution against Spain.
 He was murdered by Aguinaldo’s men at the age of 33.
 His major works include:
Noche Buena (Christmas Eve) – pictures true Filipino life.
Se devierten (How they Diverted Themselves) – a dig at a dance of the Spaniards where the
people are very crowded.
La Tertulia Filipina (A Filipino Conference or Feast) – depicts a Filipino custom which he
believed was much better than the Spanish.
Por Madrid (For Madrid) – a denouncement of Spaniards who claim that the Philippines is a colony
of Spain but who think of Filipinos as foreigners when it comes to collecting taxes for stamps.
La Casa de Huespedes (The Landlady’s House) – depicts a landlady who looks for boarders not
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for money but in order to get a husband for her child.

 Mariano Ponce (The secretary)
 He became an editor-in-chief, biographer and researcher of Propaganda movement.
 He used Tikbalang, Naning and Kalipulako as pen names
 He wrote about the values of education and how the Filipinos were oppresed by the foreigners as well
as problems of his countrymen.
His major works include:
Ang Alamat ng Bulacan (Legend of Bulacan) – contains legends and folklores of his native town.
Pagpugot kay Longinos (The Beheading of Longinus) – a play shown at the plaza of Malolos, Bulacan.
Sobre Filipinos (About the Filipinos).
Ang mga Pilipino sa Indo-Tsina (The Filipinos in Indo-China).
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 Pedro Paterno
 He is a scholar, dramatist, researcher and novelist.
 He is also a mason of the Confraternity of Masons.
 He was the first Filipino writer who escaped censorship of the press.
His major works include:
Ninay – the first social novel in Spanish written by a Filipino.
A Mi Madre (To my Mother) – shows the importance of mothers especially in the homes.
Sampaguita y Poesias Varias (Sampaguitas and Varied Poems) – a collection of his poems.

Jose Maria Panganiban

He used JOMAPA as his pen name.
He was known for his photographic mind.
He was a member of various movements in the country.
His major works include:
Ang Lupang Tinubuan (My Native Land)
Ang Aking Buhay (My Life)
Su Plano de Estudio (Your Study Plan)
El Pensamiento (The Thinking)
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 02 Spanish Colonization Literary Forms
Spanish Influences on Philippine Literature
 The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was replaced by the Roman
alphabet.
 Also, the teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious
practices.
 European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs,
corridos, and moro-moros.
● Recreational Plays
There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times.
Almost all of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Salubong,
Embayoka, Lagaylay, and Zarzuela.
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 03 Nationalistic Or Propaganda and Revolutionary Period
Literary Forms
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 04 American Colonization Period Literary Forms
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 05 Japanese Colonization Period Literary Forms
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 05 Japanese Colonization Period Literary Forms
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 06 Contemporary /Modernism Period Literary Forms
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 06 Contemporary /Modernism Period Literary Forms
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 06 Contemporary /Modernism Period Literary Forms
21st CENTURY PERIOD
 The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the
needs and tastes of the new generation.
 21st Century learners are demanded to be Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) inclined to compete with the
style and format of writing as well. New codes or lingos are used
to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.
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 Lesson 2. Group Report
Directions: Conduct a simple research on the biographies of the following
writers. Before you read their works, complete the table below with some
details about each author’s life and times, major works, and writing style.

Writers Important biographical details Popular/ Famous works

and Writing Style

1. Lope K. Santos

2. Gregorio Coching

3. Federico Licsi
Espino, Jr.

4. Dr. Luciano
Santiago
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5. Benigno Juan

6. Bernardo Del Rosario