Osmosis and Dialysis Lab - PPT Filename

3) OSMOSIS AND
DIALYSIS
Sucrose
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Next Text on the Blackboard
There are two parts to thisTo magnify#the
experiment 3. PART 1
will consider OSMOSIS and PART 2 will click
blackboard consider
on it
DIALYSIS. You will need totosupply
view the following in
a discussion
your lab report for experiment # 3
on membrane
Part 1 (Osmosis)
transport
Table of Osmotic Potential and Time
Graph of Osmotic Potential vs Time
Graph of Osmotic Change vs Time (Osmotic
Rate)
Answers to Questions (1 - 7)
Part 2 (Dialysis)
Table of Dialysis Tests
Click Mouse Here to
Answers to Questions (1 - 6) View Next Text on the
Blackboard
OSMOSIS is the diffusion of water through a
selectively permeable membrane. Water will
generally move quite freely through the cell
membrane by diffusion. Osmotic movement
of water occurs when the solute (non-
penetrating) concentrations differ between
the opposing sides of the cell membrane. A
difference in solute (non-penetrating)
concentrations means there is a difference in
water concentrations and water will move
from the region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration.

For example, water osmotically moves into a
cell when the fluid outside the cell has more
water (less solutes) than the fluid inside the
cell. In this case, as water moves into the
cell, it swells as the water pressure inside
the cell increases.
Red Blood Cell
Distilled Water

DIALYSIS is the separation of solutes
according to their size by diffusion through a
permeable membrane. Depending upon the
molecular pore size of the membrane,
solutes will either diffuse across the
membrane or be restricted by their size.
The device you will be using to collect data

for the experiments is an osmometer. This is
a device used to measure osmotic force.

PART 1 (OSMOSIS)
MATERIALS
Thistle tube (with mm markings)
Thistle tube stand
Dialysis tubing (selectively permeable
membrane)
Rubber band
Sugar solution (20 % sucrose)
Beaker
When you are finished with PART 1 of
experiment # 3, be sure that you include the
following with your lab report.
Table of Osomotic Potential and Time

Graph of Osmotic Change vs Time
(Osmotic Rate)

Sucrose
Sucrose
H2 O
H2O
You will need to record your Click Mouse Here to

data from this experiment on Access the Data Table
a data table. You can access
the data table by clicking on
the link to the right.
Click Mouse Here to View Next

Instructions on the Blackboard
STAND
Sucrose
Sucrose
H2 O
H2O
Procedure
Click on the thistle tube stand in
order to bring it to the table
You will know you are pointing
to the stand when the cursor
changes.

Sucrose
Sucrose
H2 O
Thistle tube H2O
Now click on the thistle tube

funnel to attach it to the tube
stand.

Tubing
Sucrose
Sucrose
H2 O
H2O
Next we will put the dialysis

tubing on the bulb end of the
thistle tube. You will need
only a small piece. Click on
the dialysis tubing on the
shelf.

Sucrose
Sucrose
H2 O
H2O Rubber Band
Put a rubber band on the tube

and dialysis tubing to hold it
in place. You can accomplish
this by clicking on the rubber
bands on the shelf.

Sucrose
Sucrose
H2 O
H2O
Put the bulb of the thistle

tube into the beaker of water.
The water is distilled which
means that it has no solutes
in it (100 % water). Click on
the beaker labeled as H2O.

Sucrose
Sucrose
Now we will pour the sucrose

solution into the thistle tube
from the top. The sucrose
solution is a 20 % sugar solution
(80 % water). Click on the beaker
labeled as Sucrose.

33
30
26
22
16
START
Record the original millimeter 10
measurement of the sucrose
solution in the column of the thistle
tube on your data sheet. Next,
3
00:00
90:00
85:00
80:00
75:00
70:00
65:00
60:00
55:00
50:00
45:00
40:00
35:00
30:00
25:00
20:00
15:00
10:00
05:00
record the movement of the sucrose
solution every 15 minutes for 90
minutes. Click on the start button of
the clock to begin measuring.

From the data you have
collected you will need to
produce two graphs. One of the
graphs will plot Osmotic
Potential vs Time. The other
graph will plot Osmotic Change
vs Time.
Graph of Osmotic Graph of Osmotic

Potential vs Time Change vs Time
You may want to print the two links

above to produce your graphs.

When you have finished
your graphs you can
compare them with the two
links below. Yours should
be very similar to these.
Completed Graph Completed Graph

of Osmotic of Osmotic
Potential vs Time Change vs Time

Answer the following
questions about the
experiment you have
performed. Be sure to
include the answers in
your lab report.
Questions 1 - 7 on
Osmosis and Dialysis

When you are finished with part 1 of

(Osmotic Rate)

You are now ready to begin
part two of experiment #3.
Lugol’s
Lugol’s
In this part we will be
Glucose
concerned about a process
Glucose
related to osmosis called
H2 O Starch Dialysis.
H2O Starch

Dialysis is the diffusion ofTo
a solute (salt, the
magnify glucose,
etc.) across a selectively permeable membrane. In
blackboard click on it
this case the solute molecules always move from
the stronger concentration to(hypertonic)
view a discussion
to the
weaker (hypotonic). about dialysis

Dialysis involves the movement of some, but
not all, of the dissolved substances in a
solution. The substance that moves has small
molecules, so these can pass through the
pores in the membrane, but other substances,
with larger molecules, cannot escape.
The green molecules

are small enough to fit
through the pores of
the semi permeable
membrane while the
red molecules are too
large.
Next Instructions on the
Blackboard
This process occurs normally in the kidney.
Substances with small molecules, such as
salts, glucose and urea, continuously pass out
of the blood through a membrane under
pressure, but useful substances are later
reabsorbed. Waste substances are then
excreted as urine.
Kidney
Click Mouse Here to

View Next Instructions
on the Blackboard
In this exercise you will measure diffusion of
small molecules through dialysis tubing, an
example of a semi permeable membrane. The
movement of a solute through a semi
permeable membrane is called dialysis. The
size of the minute pores in the dialysis
tubing determines which substance can pass
through the membrane.
The light blue object here
represents a section of dialysis
tubing. The red spheres represent
molecules which are able to move
through the dialysis membrane,
while the blue spheres represent
molecules too large to move out
of the dialysis membrane
solution.

A solution of glucose and starch will be
placed inside a bag of dialysis tubing.
Distilled water will be placed in a beaker,
outside the dialysis bag. The dialysis bag
with the starch glucose solution will be
inserted into the beaker of distilled water.
After 30 minutes have passed, the solution
inside the dialysis tubing and the solution in
the beaker will be tested for glucose and
starch. The presence of glucose will be
tested with glucose test strips. The presence
of starch will be tested with Lugol's solution
(iodine potassium iodide).
PART 2 (DIALYSIS)
MATERIALS
30 cm section of dialysis tubing
String
15 % glucose solution
1 % starch solution
Glucose test strips
Lugol’s solution
Distilled water
2 Test tubes
Large beaker Click Mouse Here to View Next
When you are finished with Part 2 of

Click Here to Access a


Procedure
Lugol’s
Obtain a 30 cm piece of dialysis
Tubing Lugol’s tubing
Glucose
Glucose
Click on the tubing to obtain
the dialysis tubing
H2 O Starch
H2O Starch

We will now tie one end of
the dialysis tubing with
the string.
Lugol’s
Lugol’s
Click on the string to tie

Glucose
Glucose
H2 O Starch
the tubing
H2O String Starch

We can now place the dialysis
tubing in distilled water to moisten
Lugol’s
it so that it will be easier to open.
Lugol’s
Click on the beaker of distilled

Glucose
water to bring it to the table then
click on the dialysis tubing to place
Glucose
H2 O Starch
the tubing in the water.
H2O Starch

While we let the dialysis tubing
soak, we can access the
Lugol’s
glucose and starch solutions.
Lugol’s
Glucose
Bring the two solutions to the
Glucose table by clicking on either of
Starch
them.
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

We will need to develop a
method to test for glucose
in a solution as well as
Lugol’s
Lugol’s
test a solution for starch.

Glucose
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Use a table like the one you
see below to record your
Lugol’s
Lugol’s
results.
You can use the link supplied
Glucose
below to view a table which
can be printed.
H2O Starch
You should indicate a positive or negative test for each Glucose Test Lugol’s
of the solutions and tests in the spaces provided
Tape Solution
Glucose Solution
Starch Solution
Dialysis Tube Solution After Soaking in

Glucose Starch
Distilled Water
Beaker of Distilled Water Before Insertion
of Dialysis Tube Click Here to View
a Printable Version
Beaker of Distilled Water After Insertion of of This Table
Dialysis Tube
We will be using glucose test
strips to test a solution for the
Lugol’s presence of glucose.
Lugol’s
When the strip is exposed to

Glucose
glucose it will change color
from yellow to blue.
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

We will be using Lugol’s
solution to test for the
Lugol’s presence of starch.
Lugol’s
When Lugol’s solution is in the

Glucose
presence of starch the solution
will change to a dark blue color.
H2O Starch
Water Starch

Click on the test strips to bring
them to the table.
Lugol’s
Next we will test the Glucose
Lugol’s
solution and the distilled water
where the dialysis tubing is now
Glucose Test Strips
soaking for the presence of
glucose.
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Click on one of the glucose test
strips.
Lugol’s
You will be testing the glucose
Lugol’s
solution for the presence of
glucose.
Glucose
As you have predicted, you will get

a positive test. Record your data.
H2O Starch
The color change on the

strip shows a positive test
for the presence of glucose
Glucose Starch

Click on another test strip to test
the distilled water for the presence
Lugol’s
of glucose.
Lugol’s
Remember a positive test will turn
the yellow end of the strip to blue.
Glucose
Record your results in your data

table.
H2O Starch
Record your data
Glucose Starch

Next we will test for starch in the
starch solution and the distilled
Lugol’s
water.
Lugol’s
You will be using Lugol’s solution
to test for starch.
Glucose
If starch is present the solution will

turn a dark blue color.
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Click on the blue bottle of Lugol’s
solution on the shelf to bring it to
Lugol’s
the table.
Lugol’s
You will need a test tube to test a
small portion of the starch
Test tube Glucose
solution.
Next click on the test tube rack.
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Clickclick
Next on on
one theofeyedropper
the in
the bottle of Lugol’s
eyedroppers solution
on the shelfto
add a few drops to the starch
to add starch to the test
solution in the test tube.
Lugol’s
tube.
Glucose Record your results on your
data sheet.
H2O Starch
Eye Dropper
Glucose Starch

Next we will test the
distilled water for the
Lugol’s
presence of starch.
Glucose
Click on the test tube rack
to get a clean test tube
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Click on a fresh
eyedropper from the shelf
Lugol’s
to add distilled water to
the test tube.
Glucose
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Next click on the
eyedropper in the Lugol’s
Lugol’s
solution to add a few
drops to test for starch.
Glucose
Record your results.

H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Next we will open the dialysis
tubing and fill it with about ½ full
of starch solution and about ½
Lugol’s full of glucose solution.
Leave enough of the tubing so
that you can tie the end shut.
Glucose
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Click on the dialysis tubing in the
distilled water beaker to remove
it so that it can be opened.
Lugol’s
Next click on the starch or

glucose solution to fill the
dialysis tubing.
Glucose
H2O Starch
Glucose Starch

Next click on the
yellow string to tie the
Lugol’s
top of the dialysis bag.
Glucose
H2O Starch

Now click on the dialysis bag to
insert it into the distilled water.
Lugol’s
Leave the dialysis bag in the
distilled water for 30 minutes.
Glucose
Click the start button on the
timer.
H2O Starch
START
00:00
30:00
25:00
20:00
15:00
10:00
05:00

Remove the dialysis bag by
clicking on it.
Lugol’s
Open one end of the dialysis
tubing by clicking on the yellow
Glucose
string holding one end together
H2O Starch

Click on the test tube rack to
obtain a test tube.
Lugol’s
We will add a small amount of
solution from the dialysis
Glucose
tubing to the test tube to test
for glucose and starch.
H2O Starch

Click on one of the blue
eyedroppers on the shelf to add
solution from the dialysis tubing.
Lugol’s
Next click on the one of the
glucose test tapes to test for
Glucose
glucose.
Record your results
H2O Starch

Now we can test for starch by
using a few drops of Lugol’s
solution.
Lugol’s
Click on the eyedropper in the
Lugol’s solution to add to the
Glucose
dialysis tube solution.
H2O Starch

We will now perform the same
tests for glucose and starch on the
solution of distilled water in which
Lugol’s the dialysis tubing soaked for 30
minutes.
Glucose
We will need a clean test tube.
Click on the test tube rack.
H2O Starch

Click on one of the blue
eyedroppers on the shelf to add
solution from the distilled water.
Lugol’s
Next click on the one of the
glucose test tapes to test for
Glucose
glucose.
Record your results
H2O Starch

Now we can test for starch by
using a few drops of Lugol’s
solution.
Lugol’s
Click on the eyedropper in the
Lugol’s solution to add to the
Glucose
distilled water.
H2O Starch

Click on the link
below to answer
questions on part 2 of
experiment # 3.
Click Here to Answer

Questions 1 - 6

When you are finished with part 2 of

Click Here to Access a


At this point you have
finished experiment # 3, Parts
1 and 2 for this lab.
Would you like to end your
session or continue to
another experiment?
End this Session
Continue to Experiment #1
Continue to Experiment #2
Questions
1) Considering tonicity how would you describe the
relative tonicities of the, a) dialysis bag solution, and
b) beaker solution?
2) By analyzing the differences between the tonicities of
the solutions in the bag and the beaker, where should
water diffuse to, a) into the bag, or b) into the beaker?
3) Did starch diffuse from the bag? Why or why not?
4) Did glucose diffuse from the bag? Why or why not?
5) Did osmosis occur during this experiment? Why or
why not?
6) Did dialysis occur during this experiment? Why or why
not?
Click Here to Return to

Experiment #3
Questions
1) Over the 90 minute period, what distance did the column of
sugar move?
2) Which term is used to describe the tonicity of the distilled
water? (Hypotonic or Hypertonic)
3) Explain why the sugar solution rises in the thistle tube over
time.
4) Explain why the diffusion rate of water changed over the 90
minute period of time.
5) We began the experiment by pouring a 20% sucrose solution
into the thistle tube. Describe what the makeup of the sucrose
solution probably is after the 90 minute period. (more or less
than 20%).
6) Describe why this change in sucrose % has changed.
7) From the knowledge you have gained could you explain why it
is not a good idea to drink salt water when you are thirsty.
CLICK HERE FOR A HINT Click Here to Return to
Experiment #3
Drinking Salt Water
Drinking water normally quenches your thirst. But when you

drink salt water it seems to make you more thirsty. The
water in your mouth creates a situation in which the cells in
your mouth are in a hypertonic solution. In order to reach an
equilibrium, a net water movement out of the cells takes
place. Now the cells have even less water than before, and
you feel even more thirsty.
Salt water not only dries out your mouth but the cells in
your body too! As it enters your body, the cells near it
release water to reach equilibrium with the surrounding
fluid. The cells shrink and may become damaged. This is a
condition called dehydration, or excessive water loss.
In order to make ocean (salt) water drinkable, a system has

been devised to remove the salt. It is called distillation.
Click Here to Return to

Questions
40
36
32
Measure
28
of mm
24
20
16
12
8
4
15 30 45 60 75 90
Click Here to Return to Minutes

Click Here To View a Printable
Experiment #3 Version of This Table
8
Movement 5
in mm
4
15 30 45 60 75 90

Click Here To View a Printable
Experiment #3 Version of This Table
40
36
32
Measure
28
of mm
24
20
16
12
8
4
15 30 45 60 75 90

Experiment #3
8
Movement 5
in mm
4
15 30 45 60 75 90

Experiment #3
Time Osmometer reading *Movement in mm
0 3 -
15 10 7
30
45
60
75
90
*To calculate movement in mm you will need to
subtract the preceding value from the succeeding value
Click Here To View a

Click Here to Return to Printable Version of This
Experiment #3 Table
TABLE OF DIALYSIS TESTS
You should indicate a positive or negative Glucose Lugol’s
test for each of the solutions and tests in
the spaces provided Test Tape Solution
Glucose Solution
Starch Solution
Dialysis Tube Solution After

Soaking in Distilled Water
Beaker of Distilled Water Before
Insertion of Dialysis Tube
Beaker of Distilled Water After
Insertion of Dialysis Tube
Click Here to Return to Click Here to View a Printable
Experiment #3 Version of the Table

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3) OSMOSIS AND

IF YOU CAN SEE THIS MESSAGE YOU ARE NOT IN

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The device you will be using to collect data

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Table of Osomotic Potential and Time

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You will need to record your Click Mouse Here to

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Thistle tube H2O

Now click on the thistle tube

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Next we will put the dialysis

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H2O Rubber Band

Put a rubber band on the tube

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Put the bulb of the thistle

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Now we will pour the sucrose

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Graph of Osmotic Graph of Osmotic

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Completed Graph Completed Graph

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Table of Osomotic Potential and Time

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The green molecules

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Table of Dialysis Tests

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Click on the string to tie

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Click on the beaker of distilled

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test a solution for starch.

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Dialysis Tube Solution After Soaking in

When the strip is exposed to

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When Lugol’s solution is in the

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As you have predicted, you will get

The color change on the

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Record your results in your data

Record your data

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If starch is present the solution will

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