Our lady of Fatima university

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Math and Physics Department
Pampanga Campus

SASA211

Measures of Variation
ENGR IMELDA E RAGMAC
 WEEK 8: Unit expected outcomes

Range; Finding out Exploring Excel

Variance what variation worksheet
is all about functions that
Standard
Deviation calculate
variation

Learning Outline
 WEEK 4: Unit expected
outcomes;
1. Perform efficiently computations of measures of
dispersion.
2. Analyze, compare and interpret data confidently,
accurately, and independently using measures of
dispersion.
3. Use EXCEL to find the variations
Events of nature vary form time. People keep on changing their location, motion, physical appearance, skin
reaction to different chemicals, height, weight, hair color, eye color, ideas, and even value in life. Usually, the
heights of a group of people with the same race tend to converge to a certain common value.
 MEASURES OF VARIATION
The measure of variation will enable you to know how varied the
observations are, whether there are extremes values in the distribution,
or whether the values are very close to each other. If the measure of
variation is zero, it means that there is no variation at all and that the
observations are all alike, or homogeneous. Otherwise, they are
heterogenous.

The common measures of variation are the:

1. range
2.Variance
3. standard deviation
 The range is the simplest form of
measuring the variation of a
distribution. To get the range,
subtract the lowest score or
observation from the highest score.
 
 The range is simple to compute
and is useful when you wish to
evaluate the whole of a dataset.
 The range is useful for showing
the spread within a dataset and
for comparing the spread
between similar datasets.

FORMULA: Range (R) = HIGHEST OBSERVATION – LOWEST OBSERVATION

Illustrative Examples:
FORMULA: Range (R) = HIGHEST OBSERVATION – LOWEST OBSERVATION

Data 3: A group of scientists went on the mountain

range in Sierra Madre, Philippines to study the different
species of plants existing in that area. The ages of the
scientists are 34, 35, 45, 56, 32, 25, and 40. What is the
range of their ages?
 
Given: Highest Age = 56 and Lowest Age = 25
Solution: R = H – L = 56 – 25 = 31
Answer: therefore, the range of their ages is 31
Variance is another measure of variation which can be used instead of the range. The variance
considers the deviation of each observation from the mean. To obtain the variance of a
distribution, first square the deviation from the mean of each row score and add them together.
Then, divide the resulting sum by N or the total number of cases.
(Ungrouped Data)
(Grouped Data)
(Ungrouped Data)
 (Ungrouped Data)
Except when specified that the population variance is to be used, you
will always use the sample variance formula in the examples and
exercises throughout the book.

a) Ungrouped Data: Find the population and sample variances of the following distribution:
34, 35, 45, 56, 32, 25, and 40.
Solution:
Step 1: Find the population mean: µ = = 38.1
Step 2: Complete the table.

POPULATION VARIANCE X (x - µ) (𝒙 − µ)𝟐

𝟐
σ (𝒙 − 𝝁)𝟐 𝟔𝟎𝟔. 𝟖𝟔 34 4.14 17.14
𝝈 = = = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟕 35 3.14 9.86
𝑵 𝟕
45 6.86 47.06
Thus, the 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟕 56 17.86 318.98
Where in: 𝝈𝟐 = population variance 32 6.14 37.70
x = raw score 35 13.14 172.66
N = number of observations 40 1.86 3.46
μ = population mean N = 267 53.14 606.86
 (Ungrouped Data)
Step 1: Find the population mean: = = 38.1
Step 2: Complete the table.

SAMPLE VARIANCE X (x - 𝒙ഥ) (𝒙 − 𝒙ഥ)𝟐

𝟐 σ (𝒙− 𝒙ഥ)𝟐 𝟔𝟎𝟔.𝟖𝟔 34 4.14 17.14
𝑺 = 𝑵−𝟏
= 𝟕−𝟏
= 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟏𝟒
35 3.14 9.86
45 6.86 47.06
Thus, the 𝑺𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟏𝟒
56 17.86 318.98
Where in: 𝝈𝟐 = sample variance
32 6.14 37.70
x = raw score
N = number of observations 35 13.14 172.66
𝑥ഥ= sample mean 40 1.86 3.46
N = 267 53.14 606.86
 (Grouped Data)
b.) Grouped Data: Compute for the population and
sample variances for the data in the table below.

IQ Scores
IQ Scores F X Fx x2 fx2 f(x - 𝒙ഥ)2
75-79 10 77 770 5, 929 59,290 1,876.9
80-84 12 82 984 6,724 80,688 908.28
85-89 25 87 2,175 7,569 189,225 342.25
90-94 34 92 3,128 8,464 287,776 57.46
95-99 19 97 1,843 9,409 178,771 754.11
100-104 15 102 1,530 10,404 156,060 1,915.35
Total: N = 115 10, 430 951,810 5,854.35

Mean:
(Grouped Data)
Step 1: Complete the table if needed.
Step 2: Find the mean.
Step 3: Solve for Sample or Population Variance
The standard deviation, (σ) for a population and (s) for a sample, is the
square root of the value of the variance. In symbols and formula for
grouped and ungrouped data:

a. Population Standard Deviation (σ) σ=

b. Sample Standard Deviation (s) s=

Unless specified, the sample standard deviation will be used

in all the examples and exercises throughout the book .
 
a) Ungrouped Data: If the Population Variance is ,
therefore, the value of population standard deviation is
 
Ungrouped Data: If the Sample Variance is ,
Therefore, the value of sample standard deviation is
 
b.) Grouped Data: If the Population Variance is .91,
therefore, the value of population standard deviation is

Grouped Data: If the Sample Variance is ,

Therefore, the value of sample standard deviation is
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Compute for the population and sample variances for the data in the
table below.
Compute for the population and sample standard deviation for the
data in the table below.
(b)
(a)24, 32, 18, 40, 29,
37, 19, 29, 32, 39,
42, 40, 35, 22,30, 18
THANK
YOU!