Peter Eisenman (1932- )

• one of the New York Five or The Five Whites, together with
Richard Meier, Michael Graves, Charles Gwathmey and
John Hejduk
• became influenced with the Deconstruction philosophy of
Jacques Derrida and is now well-known for his
Deconstructivist architecture
• seeks for meaning in architecture not through the use of
historical elements but through the manipulation and
transformation of the architectural forms themselves

“I am looking for ways of conceptualizing space that will place

the subject in a displaced relationship because they will have no
iconographic reference to traditional forms of organization.
That is what I have always been trying to do, to displace
the subject, to oblige the subject to reconceptualize
architecture.”
-EISENMAN
 Peter Eisenman,
Model for the GARDIOLA WEEKEND HOUSE
Spain, 1988
 Peter Eisenman,
WEXNER CENTER FOR THE VISUAL ARTS ,
Ohio State University, 1989
Peter Eisenman,
COLUMBUS CONVENTION
CENTER, Ohio
1992
Frank Gehry (1929- )

• Canadian-born American architect

• known for his distinctive architectural style characterized
by a collage-like composition out of found materials like
plywood, corrugated metal and chain-link fences
• inspired by the rich and varied culture of Southern California

“Every building is by nature a sculpture. Sculpture is a

three-dimensional object and so is a building.”
-FRANK GEHRY
 Frank Gehry,
GEHRY HOUSE,
Santa Monica, CA , 1978
 Frank Gehry,
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM,
Bilbao, Spain, 1991-97
Tadao Ando (1941- )

• Japanese minimalist architect

• self- taught in architecture
• influenced by Le Corbusier
• works are characterized by geometrical forms, dramatic
use of natural elements like light and water and the use
of bare reinforced concrete as chief building material

“ I do not believe architecture should speak too much. It

should remain silent and let nature, in the guise of light
and wind, speak.”
- ANDO
Tadao Ando,
KOSHINO HOUSE,
Tokyo, 1981
 Tadao Ando,
CHURCH OF THE LIGHT,
Japan, 1981
 Tadao Ando,
CHURCH ON WATER,
 Tadao Ando,
WATER TEMPLE,
Japan, 1990
John Pawson,
PAWSON HOUSE,
London, 1995
John Pawson,
CALVIN KLEIN STORE,
New York, 1995
Richard Meier (1934- )
• one of the New York Five or The Five Whites
• continued to work with the Corbusian 5 points
• designs are easily recognizable by his white neo-
Corbusian forms, the hierarchy of building elements,
sleek industrialized skins, and greater complexity in
planning and massing

Ieoh Ming Pei (1917- )

• Chinese-American architect
• studied under Walter Gropius at Harvard University
• noted for the use of highly geometrical forms for his designs,
most especially the triangular elements constantly found in
his more important project

“Geometry is the key to all architecture.” - PEI

 Richard Meier,
THE ATHENEUM, Indiana
1979
 Richard Meier,
HIGH MUSEUM OF ART,
Atlanta, 1980-83
 I.M. Pei,
THE GLASS PYRAMID at the LOUVRE,
Paris, 1983-93
I. M. Pei,
ROCK & ROLL HALL OF FAME,
Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-95
I. M. Pei,
BANK OF CHINA,
Hongkong, 1989-90
 I. M. Pei,
ESSENSA TOWERS,
Fort Bonifacio Global City, Philippines
Richard Rogers (1933- )
• British architect
• educated at the Architectural Association in London & at Yale University
• started his career working with Norman Foster in the group, Team 4
• rose to international recognition with the design of the
“high-tech” museum, The Pompidou Center, in Paris
• known for designs exposing the skeleton and services
of buildings, and the use of state-of-the art materials like
stainless steel and glass

Norman Foster (1935- )

• British architect
• educated at the Manchester University & at Yale University
• has worked under, was influenced by, Buckminster Fuller
• known for his high-tech buildings characterized by structural
lightness and low-energy designs
 Richard Rogers,
HOUSE FOR HIS PARENTS,
Wimbledon, 1968-69
 Richard Rogers
(w/ Renzo Piano),
THE POMPIDOU CENTER,
Paris, 1991-97
Richard Rogers,
THE LLOYD’S BUILDING,
London, 1978-86
Norman Foster,
SAINSBURY VISUAL ARTS
CENTER, Univ. of East
Anglia, 1974-78

Norman Foster,
RENAULT DISTRIBUTION
CENTER, Swindon, 1980-82
Norman Foster,
STANSTED INT’L AIRPORT,
Essex, 1980-91

Norman Foster,
CHEK LAP KOK AIRPORT,
Hongkong, 1997
Norman Foster,
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANK,
Hongkong, 1979-85
Renzo Piano (1937- )
• Italian architect
• rose to international recognition with the design of the
high-tech building, The Pompidou Center, w/ Richard Rogers
• in his later work, moved to a more subtle kind of “high-tech”
by designing context-sensitive buildings and using
technology only where appropriate

Ken Yeang (1948- )

• Malaysian architect
• educated at the Architectural Association School in London
• developed the “bioclimatic theory,” a design of structures defined by
climate and context
• designed sustainable skyscrapers, where wind direction and solar
orientation are prime considerations
• common design features include fragmented floor plans, sky courts,
windwalls, balconies and vertical landscaping
 Renzo Piano,
MENIL COLLECTION GALLERY,
Houston, Texas, 1981-86
 Renzo Piano,
KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT,
Osaka, Japan, 1988-94
 Renzo Piano,
TJIBAOU CULTURAL CENTER,
New Caledonia, 1991-97
Ken Yeang,
MENARA MESINIAGA BUILDING,
Malaysia, 1992
Ken Yeang,
TOKYO-NARA TOWER,
Japan, 1997-
Charles Edouard Jeanneret
(1887-1965)

• Swiss-French architect
• 1908-10 – studied in Paris with August Perret
• 1910 – worked in the studio of Peter Behrens
with Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius
• turned to painting and founded Purism with
Amedee Ozenfant
• 1923- published a collection of essays,
Towards A New Architecture, and adopted
the name Le Corbusier
• 1920s-30s- became concerned with urban planning
and published plans of ideal cities especially the
Ville Contemporaine ( A Contemporary City) and
the Ville Radieusse (The Radiant City)
• designed the famous Villa Savoye in France, the model for what is
to be known as the International Style.
Charles Edouard Jeanneret
(1887-1965)

• After World War II, moved away from Purism and toward a more
“brutalist” aesthetic
• 1946-52- The Unite d’ Habitation was built in France, from his
prototype of The Vertical City.
• 1950-51- commissioned by the Indian Government to plan the
city of Chandigarh, the new capital of Punjab.
• 1950s and onwards- moved to a more humanistic phase and
designed poetic, handcrafted buildings reflected in the
Church of the of the Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1954-59).
• accidentally drowned in the Mediterranean on Aug. 27, 1965.
Le Corbusier’s 5 Points of a New Architecture:
1. Pilotis
2. Roof Garden
3. Free Plan
4. Ribbon Windows
5. Free Façade
The VILLA SAVOYE
Poissy, France
1929-31
Le Corbusier, Unité d’ Habitation,
Marseilles, France 1946-52
“Living architecture is that which faithfully expresses its time.
We shall seek it in all domains of construction.”

- AUGUST PERRET (1923)

“ Economic, technical and cultural conditions have changed radically.”

- MIES van der ROHE (1928)

“For the first time perhaps, the pressing problems of architecture,

were solved in a modern spirit. Economy, sociology, aesthetics:
a new solution using new methods.”

- LE CORBUSIER (1923)
“Let us guide our students…
from materials, through function to creative work…
We must understand the motives and forces of our time
and analyze their structure from three points of view:
the material, the functional, and the spiritual.”

- MIES van der ROHE (1938

“Form is not the aim of our work, only the result.”

- MIES van der ROHE