DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

NAME - SOUMYA RAY

COURSE - M.SC
SEMESTER - 3RD
PAINTS AND SURFACE COATINGS: A BRIEF

Paints : Paint is a pigmented liquefied

polymeric material and is composed of :
 Pigments
 Resin
 Solvent
 Additives
Surface Coatings : Surface coatings are any mixture
of film-forming materials plus pigments, solvents, and
other additives, which, when applied to a surface and
cured or dried, yields a thin film that is functional and
often decorative. TOP PLAYERS IN PAINTS
AND COATINGS INDUSTRY
 CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS AND COATINGS
Based on the various Applications Paints are categorized into:-

Paints

Industrial Paints Decorative Paints Automotive Paints

▪︎Mainly used in ▪︎These are another class ▪︎They are confined to

the industries of paints used mainly for the automobile
such as aerospace decorating houses and industry and are used
,architectural rooms. in the painting of
and construction. automobiles.
 TYPES OF PAINTS
Paints are of two types based on the composition:-

Water-based paints Solvent-based paints

▪︎Water as a solvent. ▪︎Organic compounds as solvents.
▪︎The fillers,pigments and ▪︎The organic compounds ensures
binders are all dissolved in a hard and durable finish.
water. ▪Too thick and need mineral
▪︎Have lower level of Volatile spirits or turpentine to clean the
Organic Compounds (VOC). paint.
▪Have quick dry time ▪︎Mostly solvent-based paints are
▪︎Easier to clean suitable for exterior coatings.
▪︎They are of two ▪︎They are environment friendly
types :Acrylic Paints and compared to that of water-based
Latex Paints. paints.

Asian Paints
‘Royale Lustre’
is a Water Based
Paints
Source:Asian Paints Ltd.
 THE PAINTS PRODUCTS
EPOXY PAINTS: Most POLYURETHANE PRIMERS: It can
of epoxy paints are PAINTS: As epoxy be manufactured
working as two- its work depend from alkyds, or
component system (2K), usually on the 2K resins such as
and used for several system with high epoxy, it used for
applications most of it wash-ability covering surface
for coating; concrete, weathering and pores, and
chemicals resistance, levelling surface to
steel structure, and
which make it suitable be painted with
wooden grounds as for applying steel,
primer and finish also other type of
wooden, and concrete
coating metal surfaces paints such as
surface. It is largely
such as petrol pipes and used for aerospace lake.
tanks. coatings.
Dulux Lifemaster
Asian Paints Akzonobel primer is used to
trademarked Polyurethane paints provide excellent
epoxy used for aerospace adhesion and good
paint"Apcolite" coatings. sealing properties. 
 THE CHEMISTRY OF PAINTS
●Pigments: The pigments are • Resins(Binders):Epoxy and phenolic
insoluble ,fine particles size materials resins are two other classes of step-growth
which are used in paint formulation to resins important in coatings. Most
carry out one or more of the following commercially important epoxy resins are
tasks- derived from (chloromethyl) oxirane, more
commonly known as epichlorohydrin
 Provides colour and opacity to the
(ECH).The most common epoxies resins that
film.
are commonly used are:-
 Provides strength to the film. 1.Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A(DGEBA)
 Provides resistance to the paint
against abrasion/wear.
 Improves the adhesion of the paint
film.
 Reduces the gloss. 2.Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol F(DGEBF)
 Protects the film by reflecting
harmful UV rays.
 Gives impermeability of paint film to
moisture.
Epoxies:
 Susceptible to UV degradation.
 Breaks certain bonds in the polymeric structure of a cured binder.
 More bond breakage occurs in the top surface & the polymeric backbone begins to break down.
 The initial result is loss of gloss.
Epoxies are
 The degradation works downward through the coating layer. thermosetting polymer
and needs to be cured
How to overcome all these problems ?
Epoxies :
• A fine powder consisting of pigment and fragments of binder
forms on the surface of the coating. The name “chalking” is used for this
breakdown process.
• The problem is easily overcome with by covering
the epoxy layer with a coating that contains a UV-resistant binder.
• Polyurethanes are frequently used for this purpose because they
are similar in chemical structure to epoxies.
Polyurethane coatings:-
The chemistry of the isocyanate group (-N=C=O) provides the
fundamental basis of polyurethane coatings chemistry. 
The isocyanate group can react with any compound having a reactive
hydrogen. For example:
 An alcohol (R-OH)
 An amine (R-NH2)
 Even water (H2O)
● Solvents:
 Reduces the viscosity of paints
 Can be classified in three broad categories:
i. Weak hydrogen-bonding
ii. Hydrogen-bond acceptor
iii. Hydrogen-bond donor–acceptor
Weak-hydrogen bonding solvents:
-Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
-Mixtures of straight chain, branched chain and alicyclic hydrocarbons.
-Varies in volatility and solvency.
 Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are more expensive than
aliphatic ones
 Chlorinated solvents, in general, are no longer used in
coatings
 Alcohols are strong hydrogen-bond donor–acceptor solvents.
Thinners Or Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC):Thinners are solvents which are used
to thin oil-based paints.
The common solvents which are used as thinners in paints are:
1. Acetone
2. Turpentine
3. Mineral Spirits
4. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)

Functions of Thinners:-
 Dissolve the binder.
 Reduces the viscosity of the paint.
 Increases the elasticity of the paint film.
 Increases penetrating power of the binder.
 Evaporates readily.
Elastic properties of paints:
Hairline Cracks:
The more the elasticity of paints the more area coverage
will be and hence it will mostly cover the hairline cracks
on the walls.
Product Example:

Asian Paints “Royale Aspira” from Asian Paints Ltd.

Features:
•One of the foremost fire resistant paint in the market.
•Durable and washable.
•Have Teflon surface protection.
•An exceptional crack-bridging paint with stretchability almost 400%.
 POLYMERS IN PAINTS & COATINGS

Why are Emulsion polymers used tremendously in paints and coatings industry?
Emulsion polymers are defined as dispersions of
Advantages of Emulsion
polymeric particles of about 100-1000nm in size in
polymers
aqueous dispersion media.

Zero VOC
Good self-
(Volatile
Low life
Low Cost Organic
Emission properties
Compound
.
s)

Acrylic emulsion polymers are readily formulated into overprint

varnishes and inks.

Ref :www.researchgate.com
 Use of Poly-Vinyl Acetate in paints and coatings industry

Have Good
Good Excellent Oxygen
Excellent
Adhesion Chemical Barrier and
Clarity
Property Resistance Toughness
Property

Ref: www.sciencedirect.com
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PAINT
What are the characteristics that a good paint must
possess?
 The paint should be fluid enough for easy spreading
on the metal surface.
 It
should have high covering power , corrosion and
water resistant properties.
 It should not get cracked upon drying.
 Itshould form a tough, adherent, uniform and
impervious film.
 Itshould give a glossy film ,decent and stable colour
on the metal surface.
THANK YOU ALL !