TEACHING METHODOLOGY

PRESENTED BY GROUP 1

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 GROUP MEMBERS

1. Huỳnh Ngọc Mỹ Trân

2. Huỳnh Thuỳ Dương
3. Đỗ Trần Ngọc Hân
4. Trần Châu Bảo
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Grammar-Translation Method
vs.
Direct Method

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 CONTENTS

A. The Grammar-Translation Method (GTM)

B. The Direct Method (DM)
C. GTM vs. DM
D. Micro-Teaching
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A. The Grammar-Translation
Method (GTM)

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I. Introduction

a traditional teaching technique

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II. Characteristics of GTM

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 II. Characteristics of GTM
maintain traditional roles of knowledge
transmitter and knowledge receiver 
→ the teacher is
the authority in class

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III. Techniques of GTM

3. Antonyms/ Synonyms

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III. Techniques of GTM

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III. Techniques of GTM

translate passage from the target language

focus on vocabulary and grammatical structures

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answer 3 groups of questions in the target language

ask for information contained within the

reading passage
make inferences based on understanding
based on their own experience

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find the antonyms/ synonyms in the reading texts

be required to define a set of words in the reading texts

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be taught to recognize cognates 

try to memorize words that look like cognates

Example
family (English) vs. familia (Italian)
妈 妈 (Mandarin) vs. má (Vietnamese)
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 be asked to apply rules to some different examples

Example
the form and use of the third conditional
→ have a gap-fill exercise
→ prepare their own examples
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be given exercise with words missing

fill in the blanks with new vocabulary and

grammar types

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 Memorization

be given a list of target words to remember

require to memorize grammatical rules (verb conjugations)

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 Composition

be given a topic to write in the target language

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B. The Direct Method (DM)

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I. Introduction

“The focus is on good pronunciation, with

spontaneous use of the language, no
translation, and little grammar analysis.”
 
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 I. Introduction
known as the ‘oral’ or ‘natural’ method around the 1900s 

translation is not allowed 

conversation, discussion, and reading in the target
language 

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 II. Characteristics of DM

→ Meaning of a word is to be conveyed directly in the target

language through the use of demonstration and visual aids 

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II. Characteristics of DM
teach grammar by using an inductive approach

Example:  question-answer patterns

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III. Techniques of DM

2. Question and Answer Exercise

3. Getting students to self-correct

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III. Techniques of DM

6. Dictation

7. Map drawing

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III. Techniques of DM

students take turns reading sections of a

passage
teachers use gestures, pictures, and examples

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exercise is conducted only in the target language

oral communication skills are built up

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students are asked to make a choice 

teachers use question voice to signal the

students’ errors

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 be asked a number of questions in the target language →
be able to respond correctly  

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all the items are in the target language 
no explicit grammar rule would be applied

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teachers read the passage 3 times
1st - read it at a normal speed

2nd - read it phrase by phrase

3rd - read again and students check their work

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 concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration,
objects, etc.

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 be asked to write a passage in their own words
from memorizing or using a reading model

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C. GTM vs. DM

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I. SWOT “Grammar-Translation Method”

learn a lot of vocabulary

Strengths

 
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I. SWOT “Grammar-Translation Method”

not interactive and engaging for stude

Weaknesses

 
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I. SWOT “Grammar-Translation Method”

Opportunities

give the chance of learning a new language

  using textbooks

 
learn vocabulary in the target language +
in their mother tongue
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I. SWOT “Grammar-Translation Method”

Threats

more students’ talking time

 

  not be accustomed to translating word by word

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II. SWOT “Direct Method”

focus on question-answer patterns

 
STT > TTT
  instructions are given in the target language
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II. SWOT “Direct Method”

Weaknesses
no attention to reading and writing

  not convenient for large classes

 

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II. SWOT “Direct Method”
Opportunities

a good chance for students to improve

 
knowledge (pronunciation)
a good method for intermediate and
advanced teachers to make students’ skills
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 II. SWOT “Direct Method”

Threat(s)

  teachers will neglect reading and writing

activities
 
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III. Comparison
Similarities

focus on language teaching and learning=> learning and teaching

 
involve two-way communication between teachers and students 

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III. Comparison
Differences
GTM DM

  grammar, reading,
speaking and
Language skills vocabulary and
listening skills
translation

The way of
deductively inductively
teaching grammar
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III. Comparison
Differences
GTM DM

  little or no attention correct

Pronunciation is given to pronunciation is
pronunciation emphasized

The use of mother classes are taught classes are taught

tongue in mother tongue in target language
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III. Comparison
Differences
GTM DM

 
teachers
The teaching - teachers translate
encourage
learning process for the students
students, etc.

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III. Comparison
Differences
GTM DM

  attempt to teach
The teaching - learn language by languages in a way
focusing on the that is more similar
learning process grammar rules and to the first
(cont.) applications language
acquisition
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D. Micro-Teaching

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 References
Liegener, B (2008), A Comparison between Direct Method and Grammar-Translation Method
https://www.grin.com/document/445397 ;

Haslynda, N (2020), Similarities and Differences of Grammar-Translation Method and Direct Method
https://www.scribd.com/document/479578784/similarities-and-differences-of-GTM-and-DM-Faqihah ;

Roma, Grammar Translation Method-Meaning, Merits, Demerits & Techniques ;

Valencia, F, Siguenza, D, et al, Grammar Translation Method, The Amazing World of Teaching
https://sites.google.com/site/theamazingworldofteaching/methods-and-approaches-in-elt/grammar-transla
tion-method
;
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 References
Hakim, A (2020), Grammar Translation Method, Characteristics, Objectives And
Techniques https://englishfinders.com/grammar-translation-method ;

Bocahsuwung's Blog, Procedures of Direct Method

https://bocahsuwung.wordpress.com/2012/05/18/procedures-of-direct-method/ ;

Alex Taylor, Direct and Grammar Translation Methods

https://blog.tjtaylor.net/method-direct-grammar/ ;

Handha, H (2013), Direct Method https://www.academia.edu/5311402/Direct_Method .

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Thank you!

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Q&A

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