WELCOME TO

PRACTICAL
RESEARCH II

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

TEACHER: YLLYSSA C. FORDAN

 When do we use the
Analysis of Variance or
ANOVA F test?
EXAMPLE: DOES THINKING ABOUT MONEY MAKES
YOU SELF SUFFICIENT?

Kathleen Vohs of the University of

Minnesota and her coworkers carried
out several randomized comparative
experiments on the effects of thinking
about money.
Do the data support that money tends to make people
sufficient at the 5% level of significance?
Control Play Money Money Prime
(in seconds) (in seconds) (in seconds)
609 455 118
444 100 272
242 238 413
199 243 291
174 500 140
Assumptions for the ANOVA F test
(check after you performed the test to confirm the validity of its results)

Assumption #1: Your variable is measured at the

interval or ratio level
Assumption #2: Your observations are independent
Assumption #3: The population has a normal distribution
with unknown mean . This is usually performed by checking
if the residuals are approximately normally distributed.
Assumptions for the ANOVA F test
(check after you performed the test to confirm the validity of its results)

Assumption #4: The variances of all populations

should be approximately equal (This assumption
is less strict if the sample sizes of all treatment
groups are equal)

Assumption #5: There should be no significant

outliers
Assumptions for the ANOVA F test
(check after you performed the test to confirm the validity of its results)

Assumption #4: The variances of all populations

should be approximately equal (This assumption
is less strict if the sample sizes of all treatment
groups are equal)

Assumption #5: There should be no significant

outliers
 Hypothesis Testing: ANOVA
Hypotheses:

: Thinking about money does not make people sufficient

: Thinking about money makes people sufficient (At least
two of the means are not equal)

Decision Rule: Reject Ho if p-value<

 Hypothesis Testing: ANOVA
Hypotheses:
Computation: As seen in Fig. 3, performing One-way
ANOVA F-test gives a p-value .
Decision: Fail to reject Ho.
Conclusion: We failed to provide enough evidence to claim
that money makes people sufficient at the 5% level of
significance.
Checking assumptions
✔ Variable measured, which is the time in seconds it takes for a student to
ask for help, is at ratio level.
✔ We assume that the independence assumption is met by virtue of the
randomization performed.
✔ Wilk-Shapiro test with p-value=0.3207>0.05 (refer to Fig. 1) indicates
that the residuals are approximately normally distributed at the 5% level
of significance; supported by normal probability plot with values close to
the line.
✔ Levene’s test for homogeneity of variance with p-value=0.3705>0.05
(refer to Fig. 3) indicates that the variances are approximately equal at the
5% level of significance; supported by the residuals vs. mean plot which
did not reveal any obvious pattern (refer to Fig. 2)
Checking assumptions
✔ There are no significant outliers in the residuals as shown in the box plot
(refer to Fig. 1)
Screenshots of results obtained using PAST: Homogeneity of
Variances

Figure 2. Normality test on One-Way ANOVA residuals using PAST.

Screenshots of results obtained using PAST: Homogeneity of
Variances

Figure 3. One-Way ANOVA test result using PAST.

Screenshots of results obtained using PAST: Significant Outliers

Step 1: Step 2:
Get the Run a
residuals boxplot

Figure 4. Box plot of One-Way ANOVA residuals performed using

PAST checked for outliers
Questions