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Lecture 1
Introduction to OOP
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Outline
 A Computer Program

 Main aspects of Java

 Object-Oriented Programming

 Compiling Programs

 Differences between Java and C++

 Java Development Environments

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What is a Computer Program?

• For a computer to be able to do anything
(multiply, play a song, run a word processor), it
must be given the instructions to do so.

• A program is a set of instructions written by

humans for computers to perform tasks.

• The instructions are written in programming

languages such as C, C++, Java, etc.
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Recipe Analogy
Comparing a computer program to a food recipe
Food Recipe/Food preparation Computer Program
• a chef writes a set of • a programmer writes a set of
instructions called a recipe
instructions called a program
• the recipe requires specific
• the program requires specific
ingredients
inputs
• the cook follows the
• the computer follows the
instruction step-by-step
instructions step-by-step
• the food will vary
depending on the amount of • the output will vary
ingredients and the cook depending on the values of the
inputs and the computer
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Main aspects of Java

 Today Java is by far the most popular
programming language in the industry and has
reached version 8.

 Java has the distinction of being the first and only

programming language that had a ten-minute
story on the National Public Radio.
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Main aspects of Java …

• Simple • Portable
• Object Oriented • Interpreted
• Network –savvy • High Performance
• Robust • Multithreaded
• Secure • Dynamic
• Architecture Neutral
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Explanations for the above aspects

• Simple:
▫ A system that can be programmed easily without a lot of
training.
▫ It omits rarely used, poorly understood, confusing
features
• Object-Oriented:
▫ Analogy: OO Carpenter Vs Non-OO Carpenter
▫ Focus : the chair being built Vs the tools used to make it
• Network – Savvy:
▫ Library routines for TCP/IP protocols like HTTP & FTP
▫ Java applications can open & access objects across the
Net via URLs.
▫ Uses RMI to communicate between distributed objects.
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…
• Robust:
▫ Java Compiler performs early error checking
▫ Dynamic run-time checking
▫ Eliminates situation that are error prone.
• Secure:
▫ Allow the construction of virus-free, tamper-free
systems.
• Architecture Neutral:
▫ The compiled code is executable on many processors
given the presence of JVM
• Portable:
▫ An int is always a 32-bit integer
▫ Binary data is stored and transmitted in a fixed format
▫ Java code can be virtually run anywhere.
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Object-Oriented Programming
 Java is an object-oriented programming
language

 For the rest of this lecture, we’ll be introduced

to the basic principles of object-oriented
programming.

 We won’t be using these principles

immediately, but they will become important
over the next few weeks.
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OOP Concepts

• In object-oriented programming (OOP),

programs are organized into objects

• The properties of objects are determined by

their class
• Class blue print to create objects

• Objects act on each other by passing messages

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Object
• Definition: An object is a software bundle
that has State and Behavior.
• State: what an object has?
• Behavior: what an object can do?

• Software Objects are often used to model

real-world objects.
• Example: dogs have states (name, color,
hungry, breed) and behaviors (bark, fetch,
and wag tail).
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Object Examples
• Example 1: Dogs
▫ States: name, color, breed, and “is hungry?”
▫ Behaviors: bark, run, and wag tail

• Example 2: Cars
▫ States: color, model, speed, direction
▫ Behaviors: accelerate, turn, change gears
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Class
• Definition: A class is a blueprint that defines the
states and the behaviors common to all objects of a
certain kind.
• In the real world, you often have many objects of
the same kind. For example, a guard dog, herding
dog, snoop dog . . .
• Even though all dogs have four legs, and bark, each
dog’s behavior is independent of other dogs.
• For example: Dog #1 is a black Poodle, Dog #2 is a
red Irish Setter
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Message
• Definition: Software objects interact and
communicate with each other by sending
messages to each other.

• Example: when you want your dog to gather a

herd of goats, you whistle and send him out.
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Summary of OOP
• When writing an object-oriented program, we
define classes, which describe categories of
objects, and the states and behaviors that they
have in common.
• We then create objects which belong to classes,
and share the common features of their class.
• Objects interact with each other by passing
messages.
• You will be creating your own classes and objects
soon!
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Compiling Programs
• Computers do not understand the languages (C+
+, Java, etc) that programs are written in.

• Programs must first be compiled (converted)

into machine code that the computer can run.

• A compiler is a program that translates a

programming language into machine code.
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Multiple Compilers
• Because different operating systems (Windows, Macs,
Unix) require different machine code, you must compile
most programming languages separately for each platform.

program

compiler compiler

compiler

Unix
Win
MAC
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Java Interpreter
• Java is a little different.
• Java compiler produces bytecode not
machine code.
• Bytecode can be run on any computer
with the Java interpreter installed. Win

r
rete
te rp
Java Program Java Bytecode In
MAC

compiler Interpreter

Inte
rpre
ter Unix
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Java

Advantages:
• Java is platform independent. Once it's compiled, you can run the
bytecode on any machine with a Java interpreter. You do not have
to recompile for each platform.
• Java is safe. Certain common programming bugs and dangerous
operations are prevented by the language and compiler.
• Java standardizes many useful operations like managing network
connections and providing graphical user interfaces.

Disadvantages:
• Running bytecode through the interpreter is not as fast as running
machine code, which is specific to that platform.
• Because it is platform independent, it is difficult to use platform
specific features (e.g., Windows taskbar, quick launch) in Java.
• Java interpreter must be installed on the computer in order to run
Java programs.
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Differences between Java and C++

• Java has no
▫ Pointers, references, structs, unions, typdefs, and
#define
▫ No need to manage/free(delete) memory
▫ No size of operator – primitive data types are fixed in
size
▫ No goto allowed even though the keyword is present
▫ In Java everything is signed while in C++ you have
signed and unsigned data types for short, int , long
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Cont…
▫ No standalone methods allowed
▫ No operator overloading
▫ Primitive data types must be passed by value
▫ Boolean data type
▫ No multiple inheritance replaced with interface
▫ No scope operator(::)
▫ No global functions or global data
▫ Extensive use of the static keyword
▫ No destructors as in C++
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Java Development Environments

The most popular Java IDEs

 NetBeans
 Eclipse

 You should be able to use both

 It is possible to develop Java apps without an IDE
(using text editors and command windows such as
Ant, Maven, Gradle)
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Installing a Java Environment

To develop Java Programs, you need to install:
 Some thing called the Java Development Kit (JDK)
 And your preferred IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, …)
 To run a software developed using Java, you need:
 Some thing called the Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
 And the actual software
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What We Do Using Java?

• Stand Alone/Desktop Application
• Networking
• Web Development
• Mobile Application
• ATM Machine Program
• …