Blood Pressure

Done by:-
Shreya Ravi
X-’A’

CONTENTS
Definition
 Difference between Systolic and Diastolic pressure
 Factors that affect blood pressure
 Pulse pressure
 Physiological variation in blood pressure
 Stress relaxation phenomenon
 How to measure blood pressure
 Types of blood pressure
 Hypertension
 Classification of Hypertension
 Causes of Hypertension
 Complications
 Graph About The Number Of Cases Of Hypertension In India
 Hypotention
 Classification of Hypotention
 Causes of Hypotension
 Complications
 BLOOD
PRESSURE
Blood pressure is the force of blood against the
walls of arteries. Blood volumes, vessel space,
force of heart beat and blood viscosity are the
certain factors that affect blood pressure.

MEASURED IN MILLIMETER-MERCURY
(mmHg)
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYSTOLIC AND
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE:
 Systolic pressure refers to the maximum
arterial pressure during the contraction of
the left ventricle of the heart.
 Normal range is 90-120 mmHg in adults
 Maximum blood pressure inside the
arteries.
 Ooccurs in the systolic stage of the cardiac
cycle.
 Undergoes considerable fluctuations
 Increases with age
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE:
 Diastolic pressure refers to the minimum
arterial pressure during the relaxation of
the left ventricle of the heart.
 Normal range is 60-80 mmHg in adults.
 Minimum blood pressure inside the
arteries.
 Occurs in the diastolic stage of the cardiac
cycles.
 Undergoes few fluctuations
 Decreases with age
Factors that affect blood pressure:
SIGNIFINANCE OF BLOOD
PRESSURE
 To ensure the blood flow to various organs.

 Plays an important role in exchange of nutrients across

the capillaries.

 Required to form urine.

 Required for the formations of lymph.

 Pulse pressure

Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic

blood pressure.[It is measured in millimetre mercury (mmHg). It
represents the force that the heart generates each time it contracts.
Resting blood pressure is normally approximately 120/80 mmHg,
which yields a pulse pressure of approximately 40 mmHg.
 Physiological variation in blood pressure
 Age
 Build
 Climate
 Diurnal Variation
 Exercise
 Fever
 Gestation
 High altitude
 Infusion/Intake
 Pain
 Posture
 Sleep
 Gender
 How to measure
blood pressure?

B.P varies throughout the body. So, in order to measure

a person's BP a particular place must be there. So BP is
always measure at an upper arm artery.
Doctors use a sphygmomanometer to measure the
blood pressure.
TYPES OF BLOOD PRESSURE
1. Normal:
 Upto 140/90 mmHg with an average of= 120/80mmHg[±100 to
140 mmHg systolic/ ±60 to mmHg] in an average (WHO)
 Increases gradually with age - systolic more than diastolic

2. Hypertentension
 Mild:140/90 mmhg to 165/95 mmHg(WHO)
 Moderate to serious hypertension ≥ 160/95 mmHg

3. Hypotension:
 ≥ 120/80 mmHg
 Hypertension
Hypertension is defined as a
sustained increase in the
systolic and/or diastolic
arterial pressure above
normal.
 Classification Of
Hypertension
 Primary hypertension
 Secondary hypertension
 Malignant hypertension(MH)
 Pre-eclampsia (PE)
 CAUSES OF HYPERTENSION
 Renal disease/ failure
 Secretion of abnormal amounts of renin and inability to
excrete adequate amounts of salts & H2O
 Age
 Race
 Family history
 Being obese or overweight
 Not being physically active
 Using tobacco
 Too much salt in your diet
 Too little potassium in your diet
 Drinking too much alcohol
 Stress
 Chronic conditions
 COMPLICATIONS

 Heart attack or stroke

 Aneurysm
 Heart failure
 Weakened and narrow blood vessels in the kidney
 Thickened, narrow or torn blood vessels in the eyes
 Metabolic syndrome
 Trouble with memory or understanding
 Dementia
GRAPH ABOUT THE NUMBER OF CASES OF
HYPERTENSION IN INDIA
 HYPOTENSION

Hypotension is low blood pressure. Your

blood pushes against your arteries with each
heartbeat. And the pushing of the blood
against the artery walls is called blood
pressure. Having a lower blood pressure is
good in most cases (less than 120/80). But
low blood pressure can sometimes make you
feel tired or dizzy.
 CAUSES OF HYPOTENTION
 Emotional Stress, fear, insecurity or pain
 Dehydration.
 Blood donation
 Internal Bleeding
 Pregnancy
 Medications for High BP
 Diuretics
 Medications for Depression
 Medications For certain conditions
 Allergic reaction to certain drug or chemicals
 Some form of infection
 Heart disease
 COMPLICATIONS

 Increased risk of infection

 Nausea, bloating and or other stomach
problems
 Dizziness
 Insomnia
41,61,44,3
17
These many people suffer of Hypertension In India
THANK
YOU!!!