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DEEPIKA.R,
M . Sc Nursing II- year,
College of Nursing,
Madras medical college,
Chennai.
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E
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DEFINITION
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P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E
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ETIOLOGY
Congenital Acquired
ETIOLOGY C O N T, , ,
Infections, connective tissue diseases, and a few medications can damage the valves
that keep blood flowing within the right direction through heart. When blood flows
backwards, the heart needs to work harder to push it out.
HEART ATTACK
During heart failure, blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked completely. the
shortage of oxygen-rich blood damages the heart muscle.
CONT,,..
THYROID DISEASE
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism. Both
overproduction (hyperthyroidism) and underproduction (hypothyroidism) of those
hormones can affect the pulse rate, blood pressure, and size of the heart.
If you have an irregular heartbeat, rather than beating in its familiar lub-dub
pattern, the heart flutters or beats too slowly or quickly. An irregular cardiac rhythm
can cause blood to back up within the heart and eventually damage the muscle.
CONGENITAL CONDITIONS
Congenital cardiomegaly may be a heart disorder born with. Congenital heart defects
that cause this symptom to include:
Atrial septal defect (ASD), a hole within the wall separating the two upper
chambers of the heart
Ventricular septal defect (VSD), a hole within the wall separating the two lower
chambers of the heart
Coarctation of the aorta, a
the aorta
Cont,...
“
E b s t e in ’s a n o ma ly, t h e is s u e w it h t h e
v a lv e that
c h a m b e rs of
sep a ra t e s
the heart
the two
( a t r iu m
r ig h t
and
v e n t r ic le)
”
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), a mixture of
birth defects that disrupt the regular
flow of blood through the heart
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Other possible causes of cardiomegaly include:
Lung disease, including chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
Myocarditis
Pulmonary hypertension
Anemia
Connective tissue diseases, like
scleroderma
Drug and alcohol use
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Other possible causes of cardiomegaly include:
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Development of cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy
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RISK FACTORS
High blood pressure: Having a blood pressure measurement above 140/90 millimeters of
mercury.
A family history of enlarged hearts or cardiomyopathy : If an instantaneous loved one, like a
parent or sibling, has had cardiomegaly, you'll be more susceptible.
Congenital cardiac disease: If you're born with a condition that affects the structure of your
heart, you'll be at increased risk.
Heart valve disease: the heart has four valves — aortic, mitral, pulmonary and tricuspid that
open and shut to direct blood flow through your heart. Conditions that damage the valves may
cause the heart enlargement.
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DIAGNOSIS
A chest X-ray could also be the primary test your doctor does because it can show whether your
heart is enlarged.
Echocardiogram (ECG or EKG) uses sound waves to look for problems along with your heart’s
chambers.
Electrocardiogram monitors the electrical activity in your heart. It can diagnose irregular cardiac
rhythm and ischemia.
Blood tests check for substances in your blood produced by conditions that cause cardiomegaly
like thyroid disease.
A cardiovascular test involves walking on a treadmill or pedalling a stationary bike while your
cardiac rhythm and breathing are monitored. It can show how hard your heart is functioning
during exercise.
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DIAGNOSIS
Computerized tomography (CT) scans use X-rays to provide detailed images of your heart
and other structures in your chest. It can help diagnose valve disease or inflammation.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses strong magnets and radio waves to provide pictures
of your heart.
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DIAGNOSIS
In pregnancy
During pregnancy, doctors can use a test called a fetal echocardiogram to
diagnose heart defects within the unborn baby. This test uses sound waves to
form pictures of the baby’s heart.
Your doctor might recommend a fetal echocardiogram if you've got a family
history of heart enlargement or heart defects, or if your baby has a genetic
disease like Down syndrome.
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C H EST RA D IO G RA PH Y:
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TREATMENT / MANAGEMENT
Treatment of mild cardiomegaly centers upon the treatment of the underlying condition. In
moderate to severe cardiomegaly related to congestive heart failure, standard HF treatment
guidelines also apply
Patients at risk of cardiomyopathy have the benefit of risk factor modification like smoking
cessation, limiting alcohol intake, weight loss, exercise, and consuming a healthy diet.
Recommendations include treating any underlying risk factors like hypertension,
dyslipidemia, and diabetes.
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TREATMENT / MANAGEMENT
Patients with early-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who are asymptomatic are managed with
risk factor modification and also the addition of ACE inhibitor or ARB (if intolerant to ACE) and
β-blocker if there's a history of MI or reduced ejection fraction (EF).
Ace inhibitor or arb (if intolerant to ace) and beta-adrenergic blocker if they have reduced ef.
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P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E
CRT (cardiac resynchronization) is performed with or without ICD in patients with EF 35% or less
and moderate to severe symptoms with evidence of left bundle branch block
Patients with refractory congestive heart failure should receive optimal medical management. Also,
eligible patients are often considered for cardiac transplantation and bridge therapy like ventricle
assist device
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COMPLICATIONS OF AN
CARDIOMEGALY CAN INCLUDE:
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P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E
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P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E
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P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E
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p re v e n t io n
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P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E
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