Control, or 

controlling, is one of the managerial functions

like planning, organizing, staffing and directing. It is an important function
because it helps to check the errors and to take the corrective action so that
deviation from standards are minimized and stated goals of the organization are
achieved in a desired manner
 Characteristics of Control

•Managerial Function

•Forward Looking

•Continuous process

•It is related to planning

•It is universal

•Three dimensional Process

Process of Control
Three Dimensions wwe
Techniques of Control
 Traditional Techniques
•Personal Observation
•Statistical Reports
•Control through costing
•Budgetary Control
•Production planning &
control
•Internal audit
•Profit & loss control
•External Audit
•Break even analysis
•Financial Statement Analysis
 Modern Techniques

•Returns on Investment
•PERT and CPM
•Management Information System
•Responsibility Accounting
•Human Resource Accounting
•Quality Control
•Total quality management
 Contemporary Issues in Controlling

Solving the cross cultural differences

Commencement in the different working places
Violence in workplace
Theft in the organisation
Handling the customers/ Customer Interactions
Reporting the audit committee
Long working hours
Unrealistic Deadlines
Overloaded Information
Corporate Governance
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN CONTROL.
A. Adjusting Controls for Cross-Cultural Differences.
Are different control systems necessary for global organizations?
What should managers know about adjusting controls for national differences?
1. Methods of controlling people vary in different countries.
2. Technology has an impact on control relative to the level of sophistication of technology
in a particular country.
3. There may be legal constraints for managers in different countries.
4. Challenge of comparability from one country to another even when comparing similar
products.

B. Workplace Concerns. There are three areas of potential concern for managers that
are explored here: workplace privacy, employee theft, and workplace security.

Workplace Privacy . Employers have the right to monitor employees while at work. :
a. Web surfing while at work is a problem that needs to be monitored. b. Email and
computer usage is monitored for potentially offense material that would be the
company at risk. c. To ensure that the company’s secrets are not being leaked