Chapter20 Quinatoa Ronny

ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA
NACIONAL
DEPARTAMENTO DE
INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA
FACULTAD DE
INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA
Dr. CARLOS GALLARDO
Campus Universitario
Edificio Ingenierìa Eléctrica
Ladrón de Guevara E11-253 TEMA 1 :
Quito-Ecuador
Apartado 17-12-866
17-01-2759
Fax: (593-2) 567848 VSC HVDC under AC and DC Fault Conditions
carlos.gallardo@epn.edu.ec
Prof. Dr. M.Sc Ing. Carlos Gallardo

2013
VSC HVDC under AC and DC Fault Conditions
1: Faults on the AC System. CONTENIDO
2: DC Faults with Two-Level VSC.
3: Influence of DC Capacitors.
4: VSC Converter Modelling under DC Faults and

VSC Diode Bridge.
5: Converter-Mode Transitions as DC Voltage Reduces.
6: DC Faults with Half-Bridge Modular Multilevel

Converter.
7: DC Faults with Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel

Converter.
2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 2

Faults on the AC System
−𝑉 𝑐𝑞 − 𝑀 𝑞 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝐼 𝑔𝑑= =
𝑋𝑡 2 𝑋𝑡
𝑉 𝑐𝑑 𝑀 𝑑 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝐼 𝑔𝑞= =
𝑋𝑡 2 𝑋𝑡

Faults on the AC System
A VSC-HVDC transmission system with a location for AC and DC fault

2: DC Faults with Two-Level VSC.
3: Influence of DC Capacitors

VSC Diode Bridge
5: Converter-Mode Transitions as DC Voltage Reduces

Converter

Converter

DC Faults with Two-Level VSC
A VSC HVDC inverter response to a 60 ms three-pase AC fault at PCC.

A VSC converter under a DC fault, showing the fault current path for one positive
half cycle.

Equivalent circuit of a blocked two-level VSC converter (VSC diode bridge).

Full analytical expresión for phase a transient AC fault current.
−
𝑖𝑔𝑎= 𝐼 𝑔 sin ( 𝜔 𝑡 +𝛼 − 𝜑 ) + [ 𝐼 𝑔 0 sin ( 𝛼 − 𝜑 0 ) − 𝐼 𝑔 sin ( 𝛼 − 𝜑 ) ] 𝑒
Steady-state AC fault current magnitude is:
𝑉𝑠
𝐼 𝑔=
√ 𝑅 +(𝜔 ( 𝐿 +𝐿 ))
2
𝑠 𝑠 𝑡
2
𝜔 ( 𝐿𝑠 + 𝐿𝑡 ) ( 𝐿𝑠 + 𝐿𝑡 )
𝜑=tan
−1
∧ 𝜏=
𝑅𝑠 𝑅𝑠

VSC converter variables for a permanent DC fault.



Surge diode current (10 ms,

IGBT Rated Voltage Rated Current Peak current half sine)
ABB 5SNA
0750G650300 6500 750 1500 8000
ABB 5SNA
1200G450300 4500 1200 2400 9000
ABB 5SNA
1500E330300 3300 1500 3000 14000
High-power IGBT data of relevance for protection.

2: DC Faults with Two –Level VSC.

VSC Diode Bridge.

Converter

Converter

Influence of DC Capacitors
Influence of DC inductor on the diode fault current.

DC capacitor transient discharge through
1
𝜔 𝐿𝐶 =
√ 2 𝐿𝑑 𝐶

2 𝐿𝑑
𝜏=
𝑅 𝑑𝑐𝑓
𝜔 𝐿𝐶 0= 𝜔
√ 2
𝐿𝐶
1
+ 2
𝜏
𝛽=tan
−1
( 𝜔 𝐿𝐶 2 𝐿𝑑
𝑅𝑑𝑐𝑓 )


VSC Diode Bridge.

Converter

Converter

VSC Diode Bridge Average Model
VSC diode bridge AC voltage (line-line) and DC voltage under a DC fault.

Critical DC voltage
𝑉 𝑑𝑐 =𝑉 𝑐 = √ 3
𝑉 𝑑𝑐 =0.865 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑐𝑟 𝑙𝑙
2
The peak value of the line-line AC voltage fundamental component:
+𝛼
2
𝑉𝑐 𝑙𝑙
=
𝜋
∫ 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 cos ( 𝜔 𝑡 ) 𝑑 (𝜔 𝑡 )
−𝛼
4
𝑉 𝑐 𝑙𝑙 = 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 sin 𝛼
𝜋

𝑉 𝑑𝑐
cos 𝛼 =
𝑉 𝑑𝑐 𝑐𝑟
2 1
𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 < 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑙𝑙
𝜋 2 𝑐𝑟
√ ( )
2
4 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 1
𝑉 𝑐= 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 1− 𝑤h𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 < 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 <𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝜋 √3 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 𝑐𝑟
2 𝑐𝑟

( √ ( ) )
2
4 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝑉 𝑐¿ 𝛼 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 1− + ( 𝜋 / 3 −𝛼 ) 𝑉 𝑠 /(𝜋 / 3)
𝜋 √3 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 𝑐𝑟
𝑉 𝑐𝑑 𝐼 𝑔𝑑 𝑉 𝑐𝑞 𝐼 𝑔𝑞
= , =
𝑉𝑐 𝐼𝑔 𝑉𝑐 𝐼𝑔

2 𝐼 𝑔𝑑
𝑉 𝑐𝑑 = 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝜋 √𝐼 2
𝑔𝑑 +𝐼
2
𝑔𝑞
2 𝐼 𝑔𝑞
𝑉 𝑐𝑞 = 𝑉 𝑑𝑐
𝜋 √𝐼 2
𝑔𝑑 +𝐼
2
𝑔𝑞

VSC diode bridge average model verification for a DC fault.

The power-balance equation:
3
2
( 𝑉 𝑐𝑑 𝐼 𝑔𝑑 +𝑉 𝑐𝑞 𝐼 𝑔𝑞 )=𝑉 𝑑𝑐 𝐼 𝑑𝑐
3 3 √2
𝐼 𝑑𝑐 = 𝐼𝑔= I g
𝜋 𝜋

Phasor Model of VSC Converter under DC Faults
The AC current phasor equation
𝑉 𝑠 −𝑉 𝑐
I g=
𝑍𝑠+ 𝑗 𝑋 𝑡
𝑉 𝑐 =𝑉 𝑐 ,𝐼 𝑔 =𝐼 𝑔
𝑉 𝑠𝑑 + 𝑗 𝑉 𝑠𝑞 − 𝑉 𝑐
𝐼 𝑔=
𝑅𝑠+ 𝑗 𝑋 𝑠+ 𝑗 𝑋 𝑡
𝐼 𝑔 𝑅𝑠 + 𝑉 𝑐 =𝑉 𝑠𝑑

𝐼 𝑔 ( 𝑋 𝑠 + 𝑋 𝑡 )=𝑉 𝑠𝑞
2
𝐼 𝑔 ¿
𝑉 𝑑𝑐 =𝐼 𝑑𝑐 𝑅𝑑𝑐𝑓
𝑉𝑠
𝐼 𝑔=
√
2
2 2 12 𝑅 𝑑𝑐𝑓 𝑅 𝑠 36 𝑅 𝑑𝑐𝑓
𝑅 +( 𝑋 𝑠 + 𝑋 𝑡 ) +
𝑠 2
+ 4
𝜋 𝜋

3𝑉𝑠
𝐼 𝑑𝑐 =
√
2
2 12 𝑅𝑑𝑐𝑓 𝑅 𝑠 36 𝑅
2 𝑑𝑐𝑓
𝜋 𝑅 +( 𝑋 𝑠 + 𝑋 𝑡 ) +
𝑠 2
+ 4
𝜋 𝜋
𝑉 𝑉 𝑠
𝑠
𝐼 𝑔= =
√ 2
𝑅 𝑠 +( 𝑋 𝑠 + 𝑋 𝑡 )
2 𝑍 𝑠 +𝑡

VSC diode bridge DC currents as DC voltage is reducing, with Xt and SCR as parameters.

Problem 1.
Figure shows one terminal of a 500 MW VSC HVDC. The converter

is rated for = 500 MW and = 100 MVAr.
VSC HVDC terminal.

Problem 1.
a. Determine the RMS current in switches.

b. Determine the steady-state RMS current in the diodes for a DC
fault near the DC bus (as indicated). Comment on the result
considering the converter switches.
c. Determine the current in the DC cable for the same DC fault.

Simple Expression for VSC Diode Bridge Steady-State Fault
Current Magnitude.
𝑆𝐶𝐿 𝑆𝐶𝐿 √ 3 𝑛𝑡
𝐼 𝑑𝑐 = =
𝑆𝐶𝑅 𝑉 𝑑𝑐 𝑆𝐶𝑅 2 √ 2 𝑉 𝑠 𝐼𝐼
𝑉 𝑠
𝐼 𝑔𝑓 =
𝑍𝑠+ 𝑗 𝑋 𝑡

Current Magnitude.
VSC converter DC fault current (in pu relative to nominal DC current) as a function of AC

grid strength.

Current Magnitude.
𝑉 𝑠
𝐼 𝑔𝑓 =
𝑍 𝑠 + 𝑍𝑠 𝑆𝐶𝑅 𝑋 𝑡𝑝𝑢
𝑛𝑡 √ 6 𝑆𝐶𝐿
𝐼 𝑑𝑐𝑓 =
𝜋 𝑉 𝑠 (1 +𝑆𝐶𝑅 𝑋 𝑡𝑝𝑢 ) 𝐼𝐼
4 𝑆𝐶𝑅
𝐼 𝑑𝑐𝑓 =
𝑝𝑢
𝜋 (1 + 𝑆𝐶𝑅 𝑋 𝑡𝑝𝑢)


VSC Diode Bridge.

Converter

Converter

Converter-Mode Transitions as DC Voltage Reduces
VSC converter mode transitions as the DC voltage is reducing (currents in RMS values).




VSC Diode Bridge.

Converter.

Converter

DC Faults with Half-Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter
One phase of a half-bridge MMC during DC fault.

Equivalent circuit of a blocked half-bridge MMC.

Simulation of a DC fault with a half-bridge MMC.

Simulation of a DC fault with a half-bridge MMC.


VSC Diode Bridge.

Converter

Converter.

DC Faults with Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter
Full-bridge MMC test system.

Testing full-bridge MMC for DC voltage magnitude and polarity change.



Equivalent circuit of a blocked full-bridge MMC.

Chapter20 Quinatoa Ronny

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter20 Quinatoa Ronny

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA

Prof. Dr. M.Sc Ing. Carlos Gallardo

2: DC Faults with Two-Level VSC.

4: VSC Converter Modelling under DC Faults and

5: Converter-Mode Transitions as DC Voltage Reduces.

6: DC Faults with Half-Bridge Modular Multilevel

7: DC Faults with Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 2

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 3

A VSC-HVDC transmission system with a location for AC and DC fault

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 4

2: DC Faults with Two-Level VSC.

4: VSC Converter Modelling under DC Faults and

5: Converter-Mode Transitions as DC Voltage Reduces

6: DC Faults with Half-Bridge Modular Multilevel

7: DC Faults with Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 5

A VSC HVDC inverter response to a 60 ms three-pase AC fault at PCC.

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 6

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 7

Equivalent circuit of a blocked two-level VSC converter (VSC diode bridge).

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 8

Full analytical expresión for phase a transient AC fault current.

Steady-state AC fault current magnitude is:

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 9

VSC converter variables for a permanent DC fault.

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 10

VSC converter variables for a permanent DC fault.

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 11

VSC converter variables for a permanent DC fault.

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 12

Surge diode current (10 ms,

High-power IGBT data of relevance for protection.

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 13

2: DC Faults with Two –Level VSC.

4: VSC Converter Modelling under DC Faults and

5: Converter-Mode Transitions as DC Voltage Reduces

6: DC Faults with Half-Bridge Modular Multilevel

7: DC Faults with Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 14

Influence of DC inductor on the diode fault current.

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 15

DC capacitor transient discharge through

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 16

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 17

2: DC Faults with Two –Level VSC.

4: VSC Converter Modelling under DC Faults and

5: Converter-Mode Transitions as DC Voltage Reduces

6: DC Faults with Half-Bridge Modular Multilevel

7: DC Faults with Full-Bridge Modular Multilevel

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 18

VSC diode bridge AC voltage (line-line) and DC voltage under a DC fault.

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 19

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 20

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 21

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 22

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 23

VSC diode bridge average model verification for a DC fault.

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 24

The power-balance equation:

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 25

The AC current phasor equation

2013 Escuela Politécnica Nacional "Dr. Carlos Gallardo" 26