Smart Wheelchair

Name: Ayush Jain

Enrolment Number: IU1941090004

Branch: EC 2019 Batch

Project Mentor: Prof. Mrs. Miloni Ganatra Ma’am.

Contents

● Introduction
● Literature Review
● Comparison
● Objective
● Scope of Project
● Proposed Design Methodology
● Components
● Flow Chart
● Circuit Diagram
● Code Snippets
● Hardware Implementation
● Schedule
● References
Introduction
● Hand gesture based wheelchair or smart
wheelchair which can be easily controlled by
the help of gesture recognition system.
● This project is very helpful to movement of
physically handicapped or elder people by
hand movements only.
● Accelerometer module is used for Gesture
recognition and Gesture recognition module
is the one of the most important part of this
project. The moment of hand is detected by
the accelerometer sensor or module.
Literature Review

● Smart wheelchair for disabled people.

○ Chowdhury, SM Mazharul Hoque. (2019) Diss.
JAHANGIRNAGAR UNIVERSITY.
○ In this Prior art they have constructed Smart wheelchair for
disabled people in which the wheelchair will be controlled
using certain commands. Claims which they have made are if
user faces any critical situation an emergency message will
deliver to them.
● Speech and flex sensor controlled wheelchair for physically disabled people.
○ Shruti Warad, Vijayalakshmi Hiremath, Preeti Dhandargi,
Vishwanath Bharath, P.B.Bhagavati (2015)
○ Paper describes an intelligent motorized wheelchair for physically
handicapped person using dependent user speech controlled and
flexes sensor technology. In this project, to drive the wheelchair
they are using speech commands “forward, backward, maximum,
medium, minimum and stop”. Direction of the wheelchair is
controlled by flex sensor application. The wireless link between
the glove & wheel chair enables any person to operate.
● Wireless Head Gesture Controlled Wheelchair for Disabled Persons
○ Shayban Nasif & Muhammad Abdul Goffar Khan (2017)
(EEE department Rajshahi University)
○ In this project they have developed hands-free wheelchair
for physically disabled persons. It works based on the Head
Gesture Recognition Technique using Acceleration sensor.
Acceleration sensor is used for the gesture recognition RF
module is used for the smart wireless controlling.
Comparison between a traditional wheelchair and a smart
wheelchair.

Specifications Manual Wheelchair Smart Wheelchair

Navigation Require assistance to get No assistance required.

around Just with the movements
of own hands one can
move
Sensors No sensors used Sensors for moving the
wheelchair, fall detection
will be there.
Cost More cost effective than They are cost prohibitive.
smart wheelchairs
Weight Less Weight Heavier
Objective

● The objective of this project is to prepare a smart Wheelchair

including obstacle detection and fall detection for the physically
disabled people who face difficulty in moving from one place to
another in day-to-day life.
Scope of Project

● Just with the movement of his hand the handicapped person is

able to move from one place to another without needing
anyone’s assistance which also makes him self-dependent.
Proposed Design Methodology

● The wheelchair comprises of two main parts, one is hand gesture part and other
is the fall detection unit.
● These both units are wireless module. First unit consistsof RF module pair
which is used for transmitting and receiving the signal respectively. The chair
will move as soon as the person changes the wrist gesture.
● The transmitter transmits up to 50 meters of the range so that the user can
operate the wheelchair from anywhere under this range.
● Here I will use ADXL335 sensor to sense the movement of hand and accordingly to move the
wheelchair. The different gestures of hand are explained ahead.
● MPU6050 will help us to detect the fall of wheelchair.
● Ultrasonic sensor will help us for obstacle detection. Considering a handicapped person
blind, it will help him/her to detect the obstacle in the way.
Components

● Arduino Uno
● Accelerometer (ADXL335/345)
● Motor driver (l298N 2A)
● NodeMCU
● MPU6050
● Radio Frequency Pair
● Ultrasonic sensor
● Buzzer
● 9V Battery
● DC Motors
 Flow Chart
Power to microcontroller

Steady NO Hand YES

Values in
position gesture Adxl335

IF the object is less than 10 cms

If any object is No object detected, then no buzzer Transmitter
Buzzer near the transmits the
wheelchair values

According to the
Movement of Data to the
gesture of the hand Receiver
the chair motor driver
the motors will move
Circuit Diagram of Transmitter
Circuit diagram of Receiver
Fall detection circuit

● Image courtesy: https://iotdesignpro.com/projects/iot-based-fall-detection-system-using-nodemcu-esp8266-and-accelerometer-mpu6050

Implementation of fall detection

●  The gyroscope is used to determine the orientation and the accelerometer provides information
about the angular parameter such as the three-axis data.
● To detect the fall, will compare the acceleration magnitude with the threshold value. If the fall is
detected, the device will send an SMS to the concerned person.
●  NodeMCU is used here as a microcontroller and Wi-Fi module to connect with IFTTT to send
SMS.
Gestures of hand and movement of chair

Gesture of hand Motor 1 Motor 2 Motion of the

Wheelchair
Stable 0 0 Rest

Upward 1 1 Moves in Forward

direction.
Downward 1 1 Moves in
Backward
direction.
Left 1 0 Moves in leftward
direction.
Right 0 1 Moves in
rightward
direction.
Code Flowchart
If the moment detected,
Start then calculate the
values and decide
whether the movement
Include is upward, downward
libraries ,
defines ;
print the values on
serial monitor

Declare variables

No IF Yes

movement
detected
Declare various
sensor functions
to be used Move the
wheelchair in the
direction detected
by adxl.
Void setup
Code Snippets of Transmitter side
Code Snippets of Receiver side
Hardware Implementation (Video)
Timeline.

Finalizing design and Task to be added after the

components gathering review of phase 2

Phase 1 Phase 3

Phase 2 Phase 4

Design layout and Research on Final demonstration of the

the topic of advanced project
wheelchair suggested by HOD
sir.
References.

● https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health
● https://www.wevolver.com/specs/hoobox.wheelie
● https://www.hackster.io/afsh_ad/hand-gesture-control-wheelchair-for-disabled-pe
ople-30cf25
● Diksha Goyal and Dr. S.P.S. Saini, “Accelerometer Based Hand Gesture
Controlled Wheelchair”, International Journal on Emerging Technologies
4(2): 15-20(2013).
● Pushpendra Jha and Preeti Khurana, “Hand Gesture Controlled
Wheelchair”, IJCTA, 9(41), 2016.
● Gaurav Kumar Soni, Vidhata Poddar, Yogita Sahu, Pratima Suryawanshi,
“Hand Gesture Recognition Based Wheel Chair Direction Control Using
AVR Microcontroller”, International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2016.
Thank you.