ENGINEERIN

G GRAPHICS
SEMESTER 1
GROUP A

ER. VIVEK KUMAR

GUPTA
 Metric Units Table

1 Kilometre ( km) =10 Hectametre ( hm)

1 Hectametre ( hm) =10 Decametres( dam) or

0 .1km

1 Decametre( dam) =10 Metres ( m) or 0.1hm

1 Metre( m) =10Decimetres( dm) or 0 .1dam

1 Decimetre( dm) =10 Centimetres(cm) 0 .1 m
or
0 .1d
1 Centimetre( cm) =10 Millimetres ( mm) m
or
 The various types of scales:-

Plain Scales: Plain scales read or measure upto two units or a unit and its sub-
division, for example centimeters (cm) and millimeters (mm). When measurements are
required upto first decimal, for example 2.3 m or 4.6 cm etc. It consists of a line
divided into number of equal main parts and the first main part is sub-divided into
smaller parts. Mark zero (O) at the end of the first main part. From zero mark
numbers to the main parts or units towards right and give numbers to the sub-
divisions or smaller parts towards left. Give the names of the units and sub-units below
clearly. Indicate below the name of the scale and its R.F clearly.
i) The scale has to represent metre and 5 metres, hence it is a Plain scale.

ii) Given that 3cm represents 4.5metres or 450cm, Hence 1cm represents
450/3=150cm, hence scale is 1cm=150cm or 1:150: R.F=1/150

iii)Maximum length to read is 30metres; Length of the scale is 20cm. i.e.

(1/150)x30x100 = 20cm
 Diagonal scale

Diagonal scales are used to represent either three units of

measurement such as meters, decimeters, centimeters or to read
to the accuracy correct to two decimals.
For example: decimeters (d m), centimeters ( c m ) and millimeters
( m m ) . This scale is used when very small distances such as 0.1
mm are to be accurately measured or when measurements are
required upto second decimal.
For example: 2.35dm or 4.68km etc.
The scale has to represent kilometer, hectameter and
decameter, hence it is a diagonal scale.
Diagonal scale show s distance upto 2 decimal place as show n
in figure.
The respective diagonal scale shows 3.56 km i.e. 3 kilometer 5
hectameter and 6 decameters.
 ASSIGNMENT

1.SHOW PLAIN SCALE FOR - 2.3M ; 3.6KM ;

4.6CM.

2.SHOW DIAGONAL SCALE FOR- 4.68KM ;

3.56CM ; 2.56M.