UNIT 2

READING AND WRITING STANDARD MEASUREMENTS

Description:

This unit introduces the students to the systems of measurements,

English, and Metric. It will also deal on how to convert simple measurements
from English to Metric and vice versa. It also emphasizes the proper writing and
reading of measurements, especially on the Metric system.

Measurements are so often taken for granted we sometimes do not appreciate

the grand importance measurements play in our lives. On a baseline level,
measurements fall into the categories of weight, area, volume, length, and even
temperature. While we look at these various categories as stoic forms of mathematical
measurements, a closer examination of things we do in everyday life reveals their
evident importance (www.mathworksheetscenter.com).

A drawing can be made accurate through exact measurements; to do this,

you have to learn how to read and write standard measurements. What will you
answer if you are going to be asked of how long is 1 inch? Is it 1 finger long? Or
1 thumb long? We call this as guessing. This means that we should learn
measurements, primarily linear measurement, because it is commonly used in
technical drawing.

The standard measurements units used in linear measurements are

English and Metric Systems. English system includes the inch, foot, yard, pound,
quart, and mile while the Metric system includes the millimeter, centimeter,
meter, and kilometer.

Common Linear equivalents used in drawing:

English System Metric System Equivalents:

1 inch = 2.54 cm millimeter = mm 10 mm = 1 cm
1 foot = 30.45 cm centimeter = cm 10 cm = 1 dm
1 yard -= .9144 meter decimeter = dm 10 dm = 1 M
1 mile – 1.6095 Meter = M, m 100 cm = 1 M
kilometers

Note: The symbol for inch is (") and in the foot is (').

For example, 1' – 2" is read as 1 foot and 2 inches.

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 HOW TO READ DIVISIONS OF AN INCH

A
B
C

Instructions:

1. Examine the distance from D to E.

2. These are the smallest divisions indicated on the inch representing the
1/16 and starting from the first line; the measurement is indicated as 1/16,
2/16 or 1/8, 5/16. Notice that the EVEN divisions have equivalents
indicated on line C, B, and C. ODD numbers are read as they are: 1/16,
3/16, 5/16, 7/16, 9/16, 11/16, 13/16 and 15/16. Even numbers are reduced
to their lowest terms and are read as follows: 2/16=1/8; 4/16=1/4;
6/16=3/8; 8/16=1/2; 10/16=5/8; 12/16=3/4; 14/16=7/8; and 16/16=1 inch.
3. If you are going to examine line C, eight equal parts or divisions are
representing 1/8. The first division s 1/8 then 2/8 or 1/4, followed by 3/8,
4/8 or 1/2 then 5/8, 6/8 or 3/4, 7/8 and last is 8/8 or 1.
4. On line B, there are four divisions, which represent 4 equal divisions of an
inch. They read as 1/4, 2/4 or 1/2, ¾ and 4/4 or 1.
5. On line A, only two divisions are there. Each one is 1/2. Notice that 8/16
is reduced to 1/2.

Note: Measurements up to seventy-two (72) inches

are usually written in inches. When measurement
exceeds 72, it is reduced to feet and inches.
Example 90 inches = 7'-6"; 76=6'-4". Just divide the
number by 12, which is 1 foot is equal to 12 inches.

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 Quick Test

I. Write the measurements of each corresponding letter.

______A read as (a. 3/8" b. 5/8" c. 1/2" d. 9/16")

______B read as (a. 3/4" b. 3/8" c. 13/16" d. 11/16")

______C read as (a. 1 1/4" b. 19/16" c. 1" d. 5/8")

______D read as (a. 2" b. 7/8" c. 5/8" d. ¾")

______E read as (a. 4 1/2" b. 3 1/2" c. 2 1/2" d. 1 1/2")

II. Draw straight of the following lengths.

1. 4" 6. 3/4"
2. 3′-3/4" 7. 2"
3. 1/4" 8. 1′-11/16"
4. 1/2" 9. 2′-1/2"
5. 3 inches 10. 16/16"

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 METRIC SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENTS

I. Standard Measurements:

Abbreviations Equivalents
a. Millimeter = mm 10 mm = 1 cm
b. Centimeter = cm 10 cm = 1 dm
c. Decimeter = dm 10 dm = 1 m
d. Meter = M, m 100 cm = 1 M

II. Common linear equivalents used in drawing:

1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 meter = 39.37 inches

1 foot = 30.45 cm 1 meter = 3.28 feet
1 yard = 0.9144 meter 1 meter = 1.09 yards
1 mile = 1.6095 km

III. Reading a Division of a Centimeter

Instructions:

1. Line AB is divided into 10 smaller equal divisions. Each of these divisions

represents one millimeter. In one centimeter, there are ten (10)
millimeters. Therefore X is read as 5 millimeters.

2. To read fractions of a centimeter, count each small division indicated after

the one-centimeter mark. Therefore Y is read as 1 centimeter and 5
millimeters.

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 Quick Test

Read the following measurements:

IV. Writing the metric system of measurement in decimals.

The above figure is read as 1 meter, 3 decimeters, 7 centimeters, 8.9

millimeters or read as 1 meter, 37 centimeters, and 8.9 millimeters.

To write a meter alone affix two decimal places after the whole number as
in writing a peso. Example: 1 meter is written as 1.00.

When the measurements are indicated in centimeter exceeding 100,

divide the figure by 100 to obtain the exact figure for a meter. Example 530
centimeters is written as 5 meters, and 30 centimeters is same as 5.30.

When the measurements are indicated infraction of a meter, change it to

decimal. Meaning 3/4 meter is equal to 0.75.

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Write the following measurement in figures:

Example: 5 meters, 25 centimeters, and 7 millimeters. This is written as 5.257.

_____1. Four hundred thirty centimeters

a. 4.30 b. 43.00 c. 430.00 d. .430
_____2. Ninety meters and seventy-five millimeters
a. 9.075 b. 90.050 c. 90.075 d. 90.080
_____3. Six and three fourth meters
a. 6.50 b. 6.75 c. 6.33 d. 6.3/4
_____4. One hundred centimeters
a. .100 b. 1000.00 c. 10.00 d. 1.00
_____5. Ten meters and one-half meters
a. 10.50 b. 10.050 c. 10.005 d. 10.3/4

Note: Now apply measurements in the mechanical

drawing plates.

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