CONGENITAL

RENAL
ATROPY
Submitted to Mam Rizwana Shafee
Submitted by Muhammad Adnan
BSN 3rd year.
OBJECTIVE
 Introduction
 Definition of Congenital Renal Atropy
 Etology of Congenital Renal Atropy
 Risk factor of Congenital renal Atropy
 Clinical manifestation
 Diagnostic test of Congenital renal Atropy
 Treatment of Congenital renal Atropy
 Nutrition management
 Nursing management
 Nursing diagnosis
INTRODUCTION
 Renal Atropy is a kidney disorder where the kidneys are relatively small in
comparison to the gender, age and body weight of the patient.
 This can happen for two basic reasons.
1. The First kidney does not develop from birth (called a congenital
problem)
2.The second type due to Lower the blood supply to the kidney,Infection
or blockage of the kidney .
DEFINITION CONGENITAL
RENAL ATROPY
 Congenital renal Atropy can also be known as Renal Hypoplasia, which
can be described as Congenitally small kidneys with a reduced number of
nephrons but normal architecture.
 Renal hypoplasia is relatively common – it is estimated that one baby in a few
hundred is born with a small kidney.
 It may be
 Unilateral renal hypoplasia
It effect one kidney Many children with one small kidney do not have
long-term problems, but may need to go back to the doctor for tests
 Bilateral Renal hypoplasia
If this affects both kidneys, it is called bilateral renal hypoplasia. This
is more serious. These children need follow-up throughout their lifetimes to
check for any long-term problems.
In severe cases 80% reduce the number of nephron
ETIOLOGY
 Mutations in kidney developmental genes (HNF1B, PAX2, PBX1)
 Multiple environmental factors such as intrauterine growth restriction
 Maternal diseases (diabetes, hypertension)
 Maternal drug intake (NSAIDs and intoxication)
 Maternal smoking
 Premature birth
 Other Condition associated :
 Antenatal hydronephrosis
 Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
RISK FACTOR
 Family history of Congenital renal Atropy
 Abnormal kidney stucture
 Heart disease
 Diabetes
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Pain while passing urine
 Pain in the abdomen (belly) or flank (side and back)
 blood in urine
 Urinating more often, feeling tired (fatigue)
 Loss of appetite,
 general discomfort in the kidney area
 Muscle cramps and swelling of the hands and feet
 Itchy skin
CONT…
 Hypertension
 Anemia
 Severe acidosis
 Susceptibility to infection
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
 Antenatal ultrasonographic
 Postnatal ultrasound
 Complete urine examination
 Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan
 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
 Blood test
TREATMENT
 The treatment depends on the degree of chronic kidney disease and whether or
not there are additional CAKUT.
 If the kidney is still filtering or working, there may be medical treatment to
keep the kidney function that’s left. If both kidneys fail, then the treatment is
Dialysis or kidney transplant.
NUTRITION MANAGEMENT
 Caloric intake of at least 100%
 Protein restriction
 Water soluble vitamins are recommended

Sodium balance
 Normal sodium balance should be maintained
 Pt with Edema and High BP need strict restriction
 Poor weight gain and muscle cramps need sodium supplements
CONTI..
Potassium balance
 Avoid excessive use of high potassium food
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
 Record accurate intake and output
 Assess skin, face and dependent areas for edema
 Plan oral fluid replacement with proper restrictions
 Dietary modifications according to condition of disease
 Assess weight of the patient daily
 Provide comfort and promote sleep
 Reduce pain
 Assess activity level, response to activity
COMPLICATION
 Chronic kidney disease
 Kidney failure
 Heart disease
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Impaired skin integrity relatated to fluid imbalance and edema
 Excess fluid volume related to tubular dysfunction
 Risk of infection related to altered immune response
 Edema related to fluid accumulation