10 PROBLEM FOR THE TOPIC #9

Physical Principles Used to Derive Machinery (Propulsive)

Characteristics of a Gas Turbine
(GROUP OF HICAO, GAMBOA AND CASTRO)

1. any internal-combustion engine employing a gas as the working fluid

used to turn a turbine. The term also is conventionally used to describe a
complete internal-combustion engine consisting of at least a compressor,
a combustion chamber, and a turbine.
Answer :
Gas-turbine engine

2. Most gas turbines operate on an open cycle in which air is taken

from the atmosphere, compressed in a centrifugal or axial-flow
compressor, and then fed into a combustion chamber.
Answer :
Gas-turbine cycle

3.Give 3 you should do to increase the efficiency of gas turbine engine ?

Answer :
(1) decreasing compression work by intermediate cooling,
(2) increasing turbine output by reheating after partial expansion,
or (3) decreasing fuel consumption by regeneration.

4. Give 3 major components of gas turbine engine

Answer :
Compressor , combustion chamber and turbine

5. TRUE OR FALSE
The turbine is normally based on the reaction principle with the hot gases
expanding through up to eight stages using one- or two-spooled turbines.
Answer :
True

6. TRUE OR FALSE
Combustion Chamber-device for increasing the pressure of a gas by
mechanically decreasing its volume. Air is the most frequently
compressed gas but natural gas, oxygen, nitrogen, and other industrially
important gases are also compressed.
Answer :
False
7. ___________ is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to
move a ship or boat across water. While paddles and sails are still used on
some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical
systems consisting of an electric motor or engine turning a propeller, or
less frequently, in pump-jets, an impeller.
Answer :
Marine Propulsion

8. __________ is Air leaving the compressor must first be slowed down

and then split into two streams. The smaller stream is fed centrally into a
region where atomized fuel is injected and burned with a flame held in
place by a turbulence-generating obstruction. The larger, cooler stream is
then fed into the chamber through holes along a “combustion liner” (a
sort of shell) to reduce the overall temperature to a level suitable for the
turbine inlet.
Answer :
Combustion chamber

9. ___________ involves reheating the air after partial expansion through

a high-pressure turbine in a second set of combustion chambers before
feeding it into a low-pressure turbine for final expansion. This process is
similar to the reheating used in a steam turbine
Answer :
Increasing turbine output by reheating after partial expansion

10. _________ involve compressing air at nearly constant temperature.

Although this cannot be achieved in practice, it can be approximated by
intercooling (i.e., by compressing the air in two or more steps and water-
cooling it between steps back to its initial temperature).
Answer :
Decreasing compression work by intermediate cooling
 10 PROBLEM FOR THE TOPIC #10
Critical Speed / Revolution Caused by Torsional Vibration of
Shafting System
(GROUP OF HICAO, GAMBOA AND CASTRO)

1. ___________ is angular vibration of an object commonly a shaft along

its axis of rotation. Torsional vibration is often a concern in power
transmission systems using rotating shafts or couplings where it can
cause failures if not controlled.
Answer :
Torsional vibration

2. Give a source of torsional vibration in internal combustion engine

Answer :
The torsional vibrations of the not continuous combustion and the crank
shaft geometry itself cause torsional vibrations

3. Give a source of torsional vibration in Reciprocating compressor

Answer :
The pistons experience discontinuous forces from the compression.

4. Give a source of torsional vibration in universal joint

Answer :
The geometry of this joint causes torsional vibrations if the shafts are not
parallel.

5. How to counteracting the shafting torsional vibrations and to keep the

vibration responses within allowable limits
Answer :
• selection of appropriate dimensions and materials,
• selection of appropriate turning wheel,
• selection of appropriate tuning wheel, and
• selection of engine appropriate location, if applicable.

6. __________ is the part of the engine where combustion takes place.

Answer :
Cylinder

7. What is the reason if we have a misfire in cylinder ?

Answer :
Because of a loss of spark or damage and worn spark plug or a weak
ignition coil
8. ___________ are characterized by shafting segments oscillating in a
fore-and-aft direction around some neutral position
Answer :
Shafting axial vibrations

9. are characterized by shafting segments oscillating in a plane passing

through the shaft's neutral position
Answer :
Shafting lateral vibrations

10.Give only one possible causes of machine vibration on board of vessel

Answer :
Imbalance
Misalignment /shaft runout
Wear
Looseness