Course code and Name: ME-306L Power Plant I Lab

Name of Student: Muhammad Siraj Semester: 6th

Registration No: 18JZMEC0250 Section : A
Course Instructor: Engr. Arshad Ali Khan
Lab No: 10
Title: Measuring the gas turbine efficiency of Jet engine

This experiment is performed on Jet engine to find the turbine efficiency.

Introduction The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is defined as the ratio of actual work output to the isentropic
work output between the same pressures.

Objective The main objectives of this lab is :

 To calculate the gas turbine efficiency of jet engine.

Equipment used  Jet Engine

Theoretical back JET ENGINE :

ground: A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet to generate thrust by jet
propulsion and in accordance with Newton's law of motion. This broad definition of jet engines
includes turbojets, turbofans, rockets, ramjets, pulse jets. In general, most jet engines are internal
combustion engines but non-combusting forms also exist.

Gas turbine efficiency:

A simple cycle gas turbine can achieve energy conversion efficiencies ranging between 20 and 35
percent. With the higher temperatures achieved in the Department of Energy's turbine program,
future hydrogen and syngas fired gas turbine combined cycle plants are likely to achieve
efficiencies of 60 percent or more. When waste heat is captured from these systems for heating or
industrial purposes, the overall energy cycle efficiency could approach 80 percent.
Components Parts of Jet Engine :
description
1) Fan :
The fan is the first component in a turbofan. The large spinning fan sucks in large quantities of
air. Most blades of the fan are made of titanium. It then speeds this air up and splits it into two parts.
One part continues through the "core" or center of the engine, where it is acted upon by the other
engine components.
The second part "bypasses" the core of the engine. It goes through a duct that surrounds the core to
the back of the engine where it produces much of the force that propels the airplane forward. This
cooler air helps to quiet the engine as well as adding thrust to the engine.

2) Compressor :
The compressor is the first component in the engine core. The compressor is made up of fans
with many blades and attached to a shaft. The compressor squeezes the air that enters it into
progressively smaller areas, resulting in an increase in the air pressure. This results in an increase in
the energy potential of the air. The squashed air is forced into the combustion chamber.

3) Combustor :
In the combustor the air is mixed with fuel and then ignited. There are as many as 20 nozzles to
spray fuel into the airstream. The mixture of air and fuel catches fire. This provides a high
temperature, high-energy airflow. The fuel burns with the oxygen in the compressed air, producing
hot expanding gases. The inside of the combustor is often made of ceramic materials to provide a
heat-resistant chamber. The heat can reach 2700°.

4) Turbine :
The high-energy airflow coming out of the combustor goes into the turbine, causing the turbine
blades to rotate. The turbines are linked by a shaft to turn the blades in the compressor and to spin
the intake fan at the front. This rotation takes some energy from the high-energy flow that is used to
drive the fan and the compressor. The gases produced in the combustion chamber move through the
turbine and spin its blades. The turbines of the jet spin around thousands of times. They are fixed on
shafts which have several sets of ball-bearing in between them.

5) Nozzle :
The nozzle is the exhaust duct of the engine. This is the engine part which actually produces the
thrust for the plane. The energy depleted airflow that passed the turbine, in addition to the colder air
that bypassed the engine core, produces a force when exiting the nozzle that acts to propel the
engine, and therefore the airplane, forward. The combination of the hot air and cold air are expelled
and produce an exhaust, which causes a forward thrust. The nozzle may be preceded by a mixer,
which combines the high temperature air coming from the engine core with the lower temperature
air that was bypassed in the fan. The mixer helps to make the engine quieter.
Procedure The procedure for this experiment is as follows :
1. Starting the engine :
 Make sure the gas supply is connected and the fuel tank has plenty of the kerosene/turbine oil
mix in it.
 Ensure all electrical and pressure connections are made to the rear of the instrumentation rack –
while not all are required for running it is good practice to keep the sensors attached and
pressures to be connected.
 Switch on mains power to the unit.
 Move the throttle lever to min/idle, set the RUN/STOP switch to RUN.
 Turn on the gas supply and check for leaks.
 Starting the engine is instigated by moving the lever from IDLE to MAX in a short but smooth
action, taking about a second to complete.
 There follows a brief period of relative inaction while the FADEC tests the glow plug to ensure
a start is possible then the engine starter will spin the turbine and the gas valve will open.
 If conditions are correct the gas will be ignited by the glow plug and the engine will increase in
revolutions, at which point the fuel pump will start to inject fuel into the combustor.
 After a short delay and if the pre-start is complete the kerosene will ignite and the engine will
rapidly gain speed, the FADEC switches off the gas supply at this point.

2) Stopping the Engine :

 Move the throttle lever to IDLE and allow the engine speed to settle at idle – never turn off the
engine when not at idle unless there is a problem.
 Switch the RUN/STOP switch to STOP.
 The engine will begin to shutdown, fuelling will cease.
 When not in use, turn off the gas supply.
Observations and Observations :
Calculations T3 847 C
T4 579C
P1 108.8kPa
P2 13.25 kPa
γ 1.4

Calculations :

First we find T4s :

T4s= T3 / (P2/P1)^(γ − 1/γ)

T4s= 847/ (13.25/108.8) ^ (.4/1.4) = 464.14C
Now :
ηt = (T3-T4)/(T3-T4s)
ηt = (847-579)/ (847-464.14)
ηt = .7 OR 70%

From this we concluded as the temperature drop increases the efficiency increases or in other words
we can say that as the temperature difference increases the efficiency increases.
Conclusion