CASTING DESIGN

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• Mechanical Designs- Drawings for pattern making(including pattern for cores ) consider

shrinkage rule

• Metallurgical Design –

• Rate of pouring

• Size of sprue

• Size of runners and gates

• Size and position of risers

• Need for chillers and paddings

 GATING RATIO
• Sectional area of sprue :Total sectional area of runners: Total sectional area of gates
• In foundry work, the speed/rate of solidification is very important. In talking
about the properties of castings, there is the need to include outer and inner
properties.

INNER PROPERTIES OF CASTING OUTER PROPERTIES OF CASTING

• Shrinkage - Surface roughness
• Blowholes - Dimensions Accuracy
• Crack - Crack
• Pinholes - Sand inclusion
• Sand inclusion - Scab
• One of the biggest problems in foundry is shrinkage. When the metal is

solidifying the room temperature, contractions are setting up.

• The three(3) types of contractions include:

• Liquid contraction

• Solidification contraction

• Solid contraction
• After solidifying, the temperature of the metal goes down to room temperature

and along this line, shrinkage can occur/ take place

• However, the biggest shrinkage occurs during solidification

• Normally the last areas in castings to solidify are more likely to have shrinkage

than other areas. They are the thickest portions of the casting. Thus, risers are

used to prevent shrinkage at the most likely areas.

• In special cases where the setting of risers may not be easy or possible

due to the complexity of the casting, Chillers can be used to reduce the

local temperature and to accelerate local freezing.

• Alternatively, you can think of providing padding on the casting.

DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION (COMPUTER USAGE)
Continued…