MODULE III

STATISTICAL LEARNING AND ITS APPLICATIONS

OVERVIEW
There are four different types of Classification tasks and they are
following –

• Binary Classification
• Multi-Class Classification
• Multi-Label Classification
• Imbalanced Classification
OVERVIEW
Binary Classification
• Those classification jobs with only two class labels are referred
to as binary classification.
Examples comprise -
• Prediction of conversion (buy or not).
• Churn forecast (churn or not).
• Detection of spam email (spam or not).
Binary classification problems often require two classes, one
representing the normal state and the other representing the
aberrant state.
OVERVIEW
Multi-Class Classification
• Multi-class labels are used in classification tasks referred to as
multi-class classification.
Examples comprise -
• Categorization of faces.
• Classifying plant species.
• Character recognition using optical.
The multi-class classification does not have the idea of normal and
abnormal outcomes, in contrast to binary classification. Instead,
instances are grouped into one of several well-known classes.
OVERVIEW
Multi-Label Classification
• Multi-label classification problems are those that feature two or
more class labels and allow for the prediction of one or more
class labels for each example.
• Think about the photo classification example. Here a model can
predict the existence of many known things in a photo, such as
“person”, “apple”, "bicycle," etc. A particular photo may have
multiple objects in the scene.
• This greatly contrasts with multi-class classification and binary
classification, which anticipate a single class label for each
occurrence.
 OVERVIEW
Imbalanced Classification
• The term "imbalanced classification" describes classification jobs where the distribution of examples within
each class is not equal.
• A majority of the training dataset's instances belong to the normal class, while a minority belong to the
abnormal class, making imbalanced classification tasks binary classification tasks in general.
Examples comprise -
• Clinical diagnostic procedures
• Detection of outliers
• Fraud investigation
Although they could need unique methods, these issues are modeled as binary classification jobs.
By oversampling the minority class or undersampling the majority class, specialized strategies can be
employed to alter the sample composition in the training dataset.
Examples comprise -
• SMOTE Oversampling
• Random Undersampling
 OVERVIEW
1. What is a classification algorithm, with example?
• A classification involves predicting a class label for a specific example of input data.
For example, It can identify whether or not a code is a spam. It can classify the
handwriting if it consists of one of the known characters. 

2. What is the best classification algorithm?

• Compared to other classification algorithms like Logistic Regression, Support Vector
Machines, and Decision Regression, the Naive Bayes classifier algorithm produces
better results.

3. What is the most straightforward classification algorithm?

• One of the most straightforward classification techniques is kNN.
 OVERVIEW
4. Classifier vs. Algorithm in Machine Learning?
• The technique, or set of guidelines, that computers use to categorize data is known as a
classifier. When it comes to the classification model, it is the result of the classifiers ML. The
classifier is used to train the model, which then eventually classifies your data.

5. What are classification and types?

• Classification is a category or division in a system that categorizes or organizes objects into
groups or types. You can encounter the following four categories of classification tasks: Binary,
Multi-class, Multi-label, and Imbalanced classification. 

6. What is the difference between classification and clustering?

• The goal of clustering is to group similar types of items by taking into account the most
satisfying criteria, which states that no two items in the same group should be comparable. This
differs from classification, where the goal is to forecast the target class.