PRESENTATIO

N
By:
SANA ALI KHAN
 Role of neural crest cells in
craniofacial development

Presentatio Definition of remodelling

n outline:
Differences between
development and growth
NEURAL CREST CELLS
• Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells that
arise from the embryonic ectodermal germ layer
(ectomesenchyme), and in turn gives rise to a diverse
cell lineage.
• Many of the tissues of the craniofacial region are
derived from neural crest cells including,
a) Cartilage and bone of the skull
b) Cartilages of the pharyngeal arches
c) Bones of the facial skeleton
d) Odontoblasts
PHARYNGEAL
ARCHES
• The pharyngeal arches, also known as visceral
arches, are structures seen in the embryonic
development of vertebrates that are
recognisable precursors for many structures.
• Their development is initiated by migrating
neural crest cells interacting with endodermal
germ layer lining the future pharynx.
• In the human embryo, the arches are first
seen during the fourth week of development.
They appear as a series of outpouchings of
mesoderm on both sides of the developing
pharynx.
There are 6 pairs of
pharyngeal arches.
The first arch forms:
1. Maxilla
2. Mandible
3. Associated muscles
and nerves

PHARYNGE
AL ARCHES
CRANIOFACIAL
DEVELOPMENT

• Development of face begins

around the end of the fourth week
in utero.
i. It begins with the development
of five swellings around the
stomodeum
ii. Frontonasal prominence is
formed as a result of
proliferation of the neural crest
cells ventral to the forebrain.
 • 7th – 9th week in utero
• PRIMARY PALATE:

FORMATION OF  Arises from medial nasal prominence

PALATE 
•
It will house the 4 upper incisors and their surrounding bone
SECONDARY PALATE:
 Arises from the maxillary prominences
 DEVELOPMENT VS GROWTH
GROWTH
An increase in size by natural
development as a result of
cellular proliferation and
differentiation
It involves many interactions
between the different bones that
make up the skull and between
the hard & soft tissues
It can affect,
a. Severity of malocclusion
b. Progress and outcomes of
orthodontic treatment
c. Stability of orthodontic result
Orthodontic treatment can also
have an effect on facial growth
DEVELOPMENT
All the naturally occurring
unidirectional changes in the life
of an individual from its
existence as a single cell to its
elaboration as a multifunctional
unit terminating in death
It includes:
a. Growth
b. Differentiation
c. Maturation
d. Translocation
Factors affecting growth:

Hereditary/ Environmental Combination of

Genetic factors factors both
REMODELLING
Remodelling is defined as:
“The coupled deposition and resorption of bone,
which brings about changes in the shape of the
bone”
Or
“The differential growth activity involving
simultaneous deposition and resorption on all the
inner and outer surfaces of the bone”
• (Differential growth may be defined as the point at which the daily growth
rate in one growth plate is significantly different from that of other growth
plates at the same age)

• It is a process of reshaping and resizing the bone