Commom Coenzymes

Coenzyme Reaction mediated

Biotin Carboxylation
Cobalamin (B12) Alkylation transfers
Coenzyme A Acyl transfers
Flavin Oxidation-Reduction
Lipoic acid Acyl transfers
Nicotinamide Oxidation-Reduction
Pyridoxal Phosphate Amino group transfers
Tetrahydrofolate One-carbon group transfers
Thiamine pyrophosphate Aldehyde transfer
 ISOENZYMES/ ISOZYMES

Isozyme: Within an organism more than one enzyme

may catalyze a given reaction. Multiple enzymes
catalyzing the same reaction is called isozymes.

Isozymes differ in their catalytic properties.

Consequently, the various isozymes that are present in
different tissues or at different developmental stages
can carry out slightly different metabolic functions.

SITE
POTENCY
 UNITS OF ENZYME ACTIVITY

• Enzymes are expressed in terms of their activity rather

than their concentration.

• There are many units that have been employed as a

measure of the enzyme activity like King-Armstrong
units, Somgyi units, Reitman- Frankel units,etc

• The most common ones are

• International units (IU)
• Katal
• INTERNATIONAL UNITS
• It is the amount of enzyme activity that 1 IU = 1 µmol/min
catalyses the conversion of one
micromole of a substrate per minute
under specified conditions.

• The specified conditions will usually be the optimum conditions,

which including but not limited to temperature, pH,
and substrate concentration, that yield the maximal substrate
conversion rate for that particular enzyme. In some assay method,
one usually takes a temperature of 25°C.
1 Katal = 1 mol/sec
• KATAL UNITS
• Since minute is not a SI unit; IU was not being used all over the
world.

• Hence, to maintain a unifromity katal unit was introduced by IUB.

• It expresses enzyme activity in seconds rather than minutes.