CELLULAR RESPIRATION

TOPIC 2.8 (core)

 Topic 2.8
Assessing the ethics of scientific research—the use of invertebrates in
respirometer experiments has ethical implications. (4.5)

Understandings:
• Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic
compounds to produce ATP.
• ATP from cell respiration is immediately available as a source of
energy in the cell.
• Anaerobic cell respiration gives a small yield of ATP from glucose.
• Aerobic cell respiration requires oxygen and gives a large yield of ATP
from glucose.
Applications and skills:
• Application: Use of anaerobic cell respiration in yeasts to
produce ethanol and carbon dioxide in baking.
• Application: Lactate production in humans when
anaerobic respiration is used to maximize the power of
muscle contractions.
• Skill: Analysis of results from experiments involving
measurement of respiration rates in germinating seeds or
invertebrates using a respirometer.
• Which form of energy is used by living
things?

Living things use chemical energy for their

biological work.

• What is the main source of energy for the

Earth?
SUN
• How do living things get this energy?
• Energy can be converted from one form to
another, but it is neither created nor
destroyed.

photosynthesis
• SUN plants organic molecules
lar
Cellu ation
ir
resp

ATP cellular activities

* All cells use ATP for their cellular activities.

 What are the biological works
which require energy?

- Synthesis of new biomolecules

- Active transport
- Cell division
- Movement
• Organic molecules have chemical energy.
• 1gr carbohydrate 4.2 kcal
• 1gr protein 4.3 kcal
• 1gr lipid 9.3 kcal

• Why do lipids store more energy than

other organic molecules?
Structure of ATP
GENERAL FORMULA OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
 Glucose

glycolysis
Pyruvic acid

fermentation Aerobic respiration

in mitochondria

Ethanol Lactic acid

in yeast in muscle cell
 GLYCOLYSIS
• Series of reactions which are common in aerobic
reactions and anaerobic reactions. (all living
cells do glycolytic reactions)
• Take place in cytoplasm.
• During glycolysis 2 ATP are used and 4 ATP,
and 2 pyruvic acids are produced.
• ATP are produced without using oxygen.
• At the end of the glycolysis 2 ATP are gained.
CITRIC ACID (KREBS) CYCLE
Further breakdown of organic molecule into CO2 and
H+.
ELECTRON TRANSPORT • ETS is a
CHAIN group of
protein that
transfer
electrons.

• ATPs are
produced by
using oxygen
in the ETS.
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION: is the anaerobic respiration
which takes place in skeletal muscle cells.
ETHYL ALCOHOL FERMENTATION: is the anaerobic respiration which
takes place in yeast cells.