CELLULAR RESPIRATION

IN
PLANTS
Asliah S. Samal
Regner Verjom Dayo Jr.
Mark Brian P. Flores
 DO PLANTS BREATHE?

•Yes, plants require oxygen for respiration and they also

give out carbon dioxide.

•Plants unlike animals does not have any specialized

organs for gaseous exchange but they have stomata and
lenticels for this purpose.
There are several reasons why
plants can get along without
respiratory organs:
•Each plants part takes care of its own gas-exchange needs.

•Roots, stems and leaves respire at rates far lower than animals do.

•And also when cell photosynthesize, availability of oxygen is not

a problem as oxygen is released within the cell itself.
 What is Cellular Respiration?
• The process in which organisms take
molecules broken down from food and
release the chemical energy stored in the
chemical bonds of those molecules.

• It’s important to remember that food is not

the direct source of energy.
 What is Cellular Respiration?

The energy that is released from chemical

bonds during cellular respiration is stored in
molecules of ATP.
 What Is ATP?

•Adenosine Triphosphate

•Energy used by all Cells

•Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate

bonds
How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

By breaking the high- energy

bonds between the last two
phosphates in ATP
 Cellular Respiration Equation

6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

Did you notice something?

 Respiration is the exact opposite of
photosynthesis!

Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6

Respiration:
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

Notice that the cellular respiration equation is the

breakdown of those molecules made through
photosynthesis and that it also uses the waste
products of photosynthesis.

Notice that photosynthesis uses those products made

by cellular respiration.
Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Function energy capture energy releases

Location chloroplasts mitochondria

Reactants CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2

Products C6H12O6 and O2 CO2 and H2O

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Equation
 TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

1. AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is present.

Aerobic respiration produces a relatively large amount of

energy (ATP)
 TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

2. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is not

present.

Produces few ATP’s

Anaerobic respiration may also be called

fermentation.
 CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Cellular respiration breaks down into three major steps.

1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain
Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?

It actually takes place in two

parts of the cell:
• Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
• Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the
Mitochondria
Glycolysis

Glycolysis is an anaerobic step in the cellular

respiration pathway therefore it doesn’t require
oxygen.

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell

and is a series of reaction using enzymes.
Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the splitting of a molecule of

glucose.

The products of glycolysis are broken down in

the mitochondria to make more ATP
What are the products of glycolysis?

• When a molecule of glucose is split, pyruvic

acid, NADH, and ATP are produced.

• Glycolysis makes 4 molecules of ATP but it

takes 2 molecules of ATP for the reaction to
occur. Therefore Glycolysis yields a net of 2
ATP molecules.
After Glycolysis What Happens?

Glycolysis
If O2 is not present If O2 is present

Fermentation Krebs Cycle

Aerobic Respiration
The Aerobic Pathway
 Pre-Krebs Cycle (Acetyl- CoA)

• Before pyruvic acid enters the Krebs Cycle, it combines

with an enzyme called Coenzyme A (CoA).

• This reaction produces a molecule of Acetyl CoA.

• Acetyl CoA is a molecule produced by almost all

nutrients (carb., protein, lipids) before entering the
Krebs cycle.
Pathway to the Krebs Cycle
(citric acid cycle)
Glycolysis

Pyruvic Acid

Acetyl CoA

Krebs Cycle
Krebs Cycle
• Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and
produce one ATP per cycle

• Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)

• Turns twice per glucose molecule (produces 1 ATP per turn).

• Produces two ATP

• Takes place in matrix of mitochondria

Krebs Cycle

• Acetyl CoA (formed from Pyruvic Acid) combines

with a four-carbon molecule to make a molecule
of citric acid.

• Citric acid is broken down in several steps

providing the energy to make NADH, FADH2, ,
ATP.
Krebs Cycle Reactant Summary

• Pyruvic Acid

• ADP

• NAD+

• FAD+
 Krebs Cycle Product Summary

• 2 ATP Usable energy

• NADH Goes to ETC
• FADH2 Goes to ETC
• CO2 Byproduct
The Electron Transport Chain

• The ETC is a series of proteins located in the mitochondrial

membrane.

• It uses high energy electrons from the NADH and FADH2

provided by the Krebs Cycle to move H+(protons) across
the concentration gradient.

• These protons pass back down the concentration gradient

through ATP synthase to form ATP. Very much like the ETC
in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
 Electron Transport Chain

1. Located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

2. Oxygen pulls the electrons from NADH and FADH2 down

the electron transport chain to a lower energy state
.
3. Process produces 34 ATP or 90%
 Electron Transport Chain

4. Requires oxygen, the final electron acceptor.

5. For every FADH2 molecule – 2 ATP’s are produced.

6. For every NADH molecule – 3 ATP’s are produced.

7. Chemiosmosis – the production of ATP using the energy of

H+ gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP.
 ETC Product Summary

• 34 ATP Usable energy

• H2O Byproduct
 Energy Tally

• Glycolysis 2 ATP

• Kreb’s Cycle 2 ATP

• Electron Transport 32 ATP

36 ATP
Thank You!